scholarly journals Floral ecology, floral visitors and breeding system of Gandharaj lemon (Citrus × limon L. Osbeck)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Layek ◽  
◽  
Arijit Kundu ◽  
Prakash Karmakar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Floral Ecology ◽  
Floral Visitors

The floral ecology and breeding system of Veratrum virginicum (Melanthiaceae)1

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weiherer ◽  
Kayla Eckardt ◽  
Peter Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Ecology

Adaptive response of extreme epiphyte Tillandsia species (Bromeliaceae) is demonstrated by different sexual reproduction strategies in the Brazilian Chaco

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-854
Author(s):  
Aline C Gomes ◽  
Bruno H S Ferreira ◽  
Camila S Souza ◽  
Luan M M Arakaki ◽  
Camila Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Reproduction Strategies ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Some epiphytes are adapted to extreme environments with the ability to survive drought as a result of their morphological (xeromorphism), anatomical (foliar trichomes or scales) and physiological features. In contrast to vegetative features, they may have diverse sexual reproductive strategies. Here we compared the flowering morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollinators of Tillandsia duratii, T. loliacea and T. recurvifolia (Bromeliaceae) adapted to an extreme environment, the Brazilian Chaco. Tillandsia duratii and T. recurvifolia flower for 5–6 months, whereas T. loliaceae flowers for 11 months, mainly in the dry season, with low to high flowering overlap between them. Although these species generally show similar flowering morphology, they differ in size, colour, odour and/or floral functionality, suggesting non-sharing of pollinators among them. Bimodal pollination occurs in T. duratii (bees, moths other than hawkmoths) and T. recurvifolia (butterflies, hummingbirds); in T. loliacea, we recorded no floral visitors. Tillandsia recurvifolia is self-incompatible, has flowers which approach herkogamy and protandry, and depends on pollen vectors for fruit set. The other two species show reverse herkogamy, autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility (mixed breeding system); therefore, pollinators are not required. The disparity in reproductive strategies among the three species suggests the possibility of selection for diverse modes of reproduction.

scholarly journals Pollination and breeding system of Couepia uiti (Mart. and Zucc.) Benth (Chrysobalanaceae) in the Pantanal da Nhecolândia

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Paulino-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Pollen Release

The pollination biology and breeding system of Couepia uiti was studied. In this species, flowers opened at 06:00 AM anthesis, and nectar production began at around 0800 h, reached a maximum volume from 09:30 AM to 10:30 AM, and decreased thereafter. The nectar sugar concentration increased continuously, but showed an abrupt increase from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM. Pollen release occurred at about 09:30 AM and was quickly collected. The stigmas became receptive at around 12:00 AM. The pollinators of C. uiti included the bees Apis mellifera, Xylocopa sp. and Bombus sp., and three species of wasps. This conclusion was based on the observation that these hymenopterans had C. uiti pollen on their bodies, visited the receptive flowers, and touched the anthers and stigmas, thereby promoting pollination. Of these floral visitors, A. mellifera was considered to be the most efficient pollinator. However, mixed pollination also occurred. The number of C. uiti flowers visited in the morning (n = 52) was three times smaller than in the afternoon (n = 62), and the species richness of floral visitors was also bigger in the afternoon (eight in the afternoon versus five in the morning). This finding indicated that these floral visitors preferred to exploit nectar rather than pollen. Controlled pollination experiments showed that C. uiti was a self-incompatible species that produced fruits only by cross-pollination. Treatments such as agamospermy and spontaneous and self-pollinations did not produce fruits.

The Reproductive Ecology of Canavalia rosea (Fabaceae) on Anak Krakatau, Indonesia

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Gross
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fruiting Phenology ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Pioneer Plant ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Resource Levels

Pioneer plant species are expected to have higher fruit-to-flower ratios than plants found in more established habitats. This was not found to be the case with Canavalia rosea on Anak Krakatau, Indonesia. Canavalia rosea is a pantropical pioneer plant species of beach habitats. On Anak Krakatau fruit-set in C. rosea in July 1992 ranged between 10 and 19% and a study of pollination and resource levels was undertaken to determine the cause of low fruit-to-flower ratios. An examination of flowering and fruiting phenology, breeding system and floral visitors revealed that low fruit-set in the population could not be explained by either a lack of pollinators or low levels of deposited pollen. Experimental removal of pods resulted in a near five-fold increase in fruit-set on subsequent flowers on treated plants compared with natural levels, indicating that fruit-set was resource limited. Low fruit-to-flower ratios do not detract from the colonising success of this species however, because individual plants flower prolifically year-round ensuring a constant production of propagules.

Floral ecology, breeding system and pollination in Antigonon leptopus L. (Polygonaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluri Jacob Soloman Raju ◽  
V. Kanaka Raju ◽  
P. Victor ◽  
S. Appala Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Ecology

Breeding system and floral visitors ofVeratrum albumsubsp.oxysepalum(Melanthiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUUKI KATO ◽  
KIWAKO ARAKI ◽  
MASASHI OHARA
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Visitors

scholarly journals Floral Traits and Foraging Behavior of the Bee Assemblage Visiting Martynia annua L. (Martyniaceae) in Coastal Jalisco, Mexico

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Diana Cárdenas-Ramos ◽  
Armando Falcón-Brindis ◽  
Raúl Badillo-Montaño ◽  
Ismael Hinojosa-Diaz ◽  
Ricardo Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Heterospecific Pollen ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Frequency Behavior

Floral visitors are often overlooked in those plants considered invasive and widespread weed species. Martynia annua L. is an example of an introduced species to the old world being native from tropical America, however, information of its endemic pollinators in the Neotropical region is missing. In this study, the floral visitors of M. annua were evaluated in Chamela Field Station (Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve) in Jalisco, Mexico. Our aim was to provide information of the breeding system of M. annua and then indicate the potential pollinators. We included morphological and sexual features to estimate the outcrossing index (OCI). The frequency, behavior, and pollen loads were considered to find the potential pollinator. Despite the evidence of protandry and OCI indicating a xenogamous breeding system, the lack of herkogamy suggests M. annua is a facultative xenogamous species. The highest frequency of visits corresponded to the maximum diameter of corolla. Euglossa viridissima was the most recurrent visitor. However, this species often carried a high proportion of heterospecific pollen and did not touch any sexual structure of the flower. In contrast, Centris agilis performed as the most likely pollinator. Flowers of M. annua offer valuable rewards to its visitors and may be a good source of energy to those foragers capable of reaching the nectaries, though small bees are apparently unable to penetrate the flowers. We consider that there are evidence that suggests M. annua is a specialized melittophilic plant, pollinated by moderate to large-sized hairy bees throughout its distribution.

scholarly journals Floral biology and breeding system of three Ipomoea weeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C.S. Maimoni-Rodella ◽  
Y.A.N.P. Yanagizawa
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors

The floral biology of three weeds, Ipomoea cairica, I. grandifolia and I. nil (Convolvulaceae), was studied in Botucatu and Jaboticabal, São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. The three species are melittophilous, with a varied set of floral visitors, but with some overlapping. Cluster analysis using Jacquard similarity index indicated a greater similarity among different plant species in the same locality than among the populations at different places, in relation to floral visitor sets. The promiscuous and opportunistic features of the flowers were shown, with such type of adaptation to pollination being advantageous to weeds since pollinator availability is unpredictable at ruderal environments.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Davilla kunthii A. St-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) in Central Amazonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Rodrigo Rech ◽  
Fatima Cristina de Lazari Manente-Balestieri ◽  
Maria Lúcia Absy
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
Destructive Potential

This survey aimed at describing the interactions of floral visitors and Davilla kunthii A. St.-Hil. as well as characteristics of its reproductive biology in Itacoatiara, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Tests of the breeding system were performed. The guild of visitors was described according to richness, abundance, relative frequency and constancy. The breeding system tests indicated that D. kunthii is self-compatible. The pollination system was characterized as generalist, with 39 visitor species, from three different orders. Bees were the main group of pollinators, thus some behavioural aspects were described. Th e period of highest foraging activity was between 7 and 10 am. Some species presented agonistic and monopolistic behaviour. Given the behaviour and destructive potential, the Curculionidae seem to have a greater impact as seed predators than pollinators.

scholarly journals A Review on the Pollination of Aroids with Bisexual Flowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Díaz Jiménez ◽  
Heiko Hentrich ◽  
Pedro Adrián Aguilar-Rodríguez ◽  
Thorsten Krömer ◽  
Marion Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Floral Ecology ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Floral Volatile ◽  
Pollination Systems

This paper presents an exhaustive review of the current knowledge on pollination of Araceae genera with bisexual flowers. All available studies on floral morphology, flowering sequence, floral scent, floral thermogenesis, floral visitors, and pollinators were carefully examined, with emphasis on the species-rich genera Anthurium Schott, Monstera Adans., and Spathiphyllum Schott. Genera with bisexual flowers are among the early-diverging lineages in Araceae, but present adaptations in their floral ecology to a great variety of pollination vectors, such as bees, beetles, flies, and, unusually, wind. These clades have developed highly derived pollination systems, involving the use of floral scent as a reward. We conclude that floral scent chemistry plays a key role in the pollination biology of the plants and that, in some genera, reproductive isolation through variation in the emitted floral volatile compounds may have been the decisive factor in the speciation processes of sympatric species.

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