Overview of processing technologies for the raw materials of rare-earth metals (REM) at existing enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
T. I. Yushina ◽  
◽  
I. M. Petrov ◽  
S. A. Cherny ◽  
A. I. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Processing Technologies

scholarly journals Rare-earth metal ore processing technologies when developing new deposits

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
T. I. Yushina ◽  
◽  
I. M. Petrov ◽  
S. A. Cherny ◽  
A. I. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Dense Medium ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Materials Used

The article provides a brief overview of processing technologies for rare-earth raw materials used under greenfield development projects in different countries of the world (Africa, Greenland, Australia, Canada). The projects feature deposits with different mineral compositions, mass fractions of rare-earth metals (REM) in ores of 0.2 to 15 %, and the presence of niobium, zirconium, tantalum, phosphorus, uranium, and thorium. The resulting production facilities will extract 180 kt to 7.2 Mt rare-earth ore annually to generate 1.5 to 20 kt oxides of heavy and light groups of rare-earth metals along with the rare metals. The analysis of technologies for the projects considered demonstrates that magnetic and radiometric separation, dense-medium concentration and flotation with hydrometallurgical processing in the form of leaching with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction of the target products, will be used for the processing of rare-earth raw materials. A characteristic feature of a number of projects is, first of all, the direct hydrometallurgical processing of the feed. The concentration technologies for ores containing rare-earth metals also indicate a clear trend towards a more active use of high-intensity magnetic separation. The main products to be obtained with these technologies will include composite concentrates of oxides or carbonates of rare-earth metals. At the same time, the commissioning dates for the projects are being repeatedly postponed; the implementation of many projects remains uncertain, which is largely due to the stagnant dynamics of global prices for rare-earth metals.

International rare earth metals market and processing technologies: State-of-the-art and future prospects

2015 ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Yushina ◽  
◽  
I. M. Petrov ◽  
S. I. Grishaev ◽  
S. A. Chernyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Processing Technologies

International rare earth metals market and processing technologies: State-of-the-art and future prospects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Yushina ◽  
◽  
I. M. Petrov ◽  
S. I. Grishaev ◽  
S. A. Chernyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Processing Technologies

Secondary Resources of Rare Еarth Мetals

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
S.A. Chernyi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Apatite Concentrate ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
High Processing

The article provides an overview of the main existing methods for recycling rare earth metals from various types of waste. It was noted that the demand for rare-earth metals is increasing annually due to the growth of advanced technologies, mainly in the sectors of electronics, power engineering and photonics. It has been established that in countries producing final products of high processing, the chemical-technological processes of processing goods that have worked out their life cycle, and, first of all, fluorescent lamps, NdFeB magnets from electronic devices, and nickel-metal hydride (NiMeH) batteries containing rare earths are most quickly created. The most profitable and recycling option is the reuse of products containing rare-earth metals, however, such technologies are applicable for a narrow range of waste. Another important area of REM recycling is the processing of industrial waste. For countries with developed mining and chemical industries, mining processing technologies are attractive. It is shown that for Russia, more appropriate are schemes for the disposal of industrial waste, primarily waste from the production of apatite concentrate. The main problems of the development of REM recycling are identified: low content and dispersion of rare earths in waste; the presence of impurities that impede the extraction of valuable components and the toxicity of the used recycling schemes.

scholarly journals Analysis of the use of rare earth metals in ferrous metallurgy of Russia and world

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
A. I. Volkov ◽  
P. E. Stulov ◽  
L. I. Leont’ev ◽  
V. A. Uglov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The World ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
Former Ussr

The analysis of the current state of production of rare earth metals (REM) in Russia and in the world was made. Information about REM production in different countries of the world and about new foreign projects for REM production and processing is provided. The article presents the balance of production, export and import of raw materials and products with REM, including scandium and yttrium, in Russia. The maximum volume of REM consumption in Russia was calculated taking into account imported products with REM. This data was compared with other countries, including the former USSR. Much attention is paid to the use of REM in metallurgy. Data on the influence of REM on the properties of cast iron and steel are presented. Information is given about the forms of REM used for their use in the Russian ferrous metallurgy. We have studied the structure of REM consumption in ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. On the example of two enterprises (one of them specializes in mass production, and the second – on production of special steels), the structure of REM consumption for steel alloying was studied by type and scope of its application. The development peculiarities of REM consumption in Russian ferrous metallurgy were investigated. The volume of consumption was calculated; data on imports of raw materials with REM for metallurgy and the producers of ferroalloys with REM in Russia is given. We have analyzed the spectrum of steel products with REM. A comparison of the consumption of REM in the metallurgy of Russia and foreign countries is presented. The reasons for insufficient consumption of REM in the Russian metallurgy are considered, an assessment is given on the change in production volumes of certain types of steel and cast iron, and recommendations are made on the growth of REM consumption in metallurgy.

Separation of rare-earth metals and titanium in complex apatite concentrate processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
O. V. Cheremisina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Sergeev ◽  
A. T. Fedorov ◽  
D. A. Alferova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Apatite Concentrate ◽  
Process Solutions ◽  
Promising Source

Intermediate processing products of apatite raw materials, such as the process solutions of phosphoric acid (PA) containing the in-demand rare-earth elements (REE) of heavy and medium-light groups, are a promising source of rare-earth metals. Apatite concentrate typically has low rare-earth metals grades (up to 1 %); therefore, sufficient economic value may only be achieved with those technologies that yield individual rare-earth metals without modifications in the underlying apatite raw materials process. Extraction methods have significant technological advantages, mainly due to the simplicity of implementation and the possibility of accelerated industrial-scale adaptation. Rare-earth metals recovery from PA process solutions into the organic phase based on di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) is associated with the simultaneous extraction of titanium (IV). Additional separation processes are, therefore, required in view of the presence of titanium in the REE extract. It has been found that effective titanium recovery from the organic phase is achieved by using oxalic acid with the concentration of 0.25 mol/l at the phase ratio of 0.5 and the mixing rate of 400 min–1. The content of impurity elements in the concentrates of individual REM compounds obtained of does not exceed 10–4 %. The complex processing operations performed for obtaining individual rare-earth metals represent a complete technology for the integrated processing of apatite raw materials. The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-19-00377).

scholarly journals The Recovery of Yttrium and Europium Compounds from Waste Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Góralczyk ◽  
Elżbieta Uzunow
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Secondary Materials ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Abstract Rare earth metals including yttrium and europium are one of several critical raw materials, the use of which ensures the development of the so-called high technology. The possibility of their recovery in Europe is limited practically only to secondary materials such as phosphogypsum and electronic waste. The article presents the results of our research concerning the development of recovery technology of yttrium and europium from luminophore CRT used lamps. It describes the principle of separation of elements and the test results of cleaning the concentrate. It was shown that the costs of preparing the concentrate according to the proposed technology are lower than the phosphogypsum processing technology and the composition of the resulting product does not contain hazardous substances.

scholarly journals The Market For The "Not-So-Rare" Rare Earth Elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Giacalone
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
The Rare Earth

This paper examines the market for the Rare earth elements. These are comprised of 17 elements of the periodic table which include 15 elements from the group known as lanthanides and two additional elements known as scandium and yttrium. The metals are often found combined together in ores and must be separated into its individual elements. The fact is that rare earth metals are not rare in terms of the quantity present in the earths crust. However, the metals are less concentrated than other more common metals and the extraction and separation processes necessitate high research and development costs and large capital outlays.The various applications of rare earth elements can be broadly classified into four major categories, namely: High Technology Consumer Products, Environmentally Friendly Products, Industrial and Medical Devices, and National Defense Systems. The demand for such high technology products is rapidly increasing causing a simultaneous upsurge in the demand for rare earth metals as well.On the supply side, China dominates the production rare earth elements, mining approximately 97% of total world production. Consequently, most countries must rely on imports of these REEs to facilitate production of the various systems and products that are dependent on the rare earth metals as raw materials. This near-monopoly imposes several supply-chain risks on the importing nations which are exploring ways to mitigate the potential economic harm associated with these risks.

scholarly journals Alloying metals of Russia. Mineral raw materials resources: state, utilization, perspective of development (Report 2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-682
Author(s):  
V. S. Pikalova ◽  
L. P. Tigunov ◽  
L. Z. Bykhovskii
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Molybdenum Deposit ◽  
Boron Minerals ◽  
The World

A group of metals, including tantalum, rare earth metals, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, rhenium, scandium and boron has a big importance for alloying steel, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals as well as for production of different alloys. In Russia, the explored resources of tantalum by many times exceed the plants’ demands. Zashikhinskoe and Vishnyakovskoe deposits in Irkutskregion, as well as Katuginskoe in Chitaregion are most promising. The State balance accounts the resources of rare earth metals (REM) oxides by 20 deposits. Russiatakes the second place in the world after Chinaby REM resources. The balance resources of beryllium are accounted in 35 deposits, exceeding the world proved resources in the summarized categories A + B + C1+ C2. Russia takes the third place in the world after China and Australia by zirconium resources. The state balance accounts 36 deposits of titanium and 21 deposit of zirconium. Rhenium is the least provided by deposits and most demanded metal. The state balance of RF accounts resources of rhenium in seven deposits: three of them being copper-molybdenum deposits, two – copperporphyritic deposits, one – tungsten-molybdenum deposit and one – purely rhenium deposit. Resources of scandium as an associated component are accounted in eight deposits of Russia, half of the being within the allocated fund of bowels. However, man-caused formations – red sludge – wastes of alumina production – are most real source of scandium. Big resources of scandium are associated with the wastes of iron ore production at Kachkanar mining and concentration plant, which ate not accounted by the State balance. Resources of three deposits of boron ores are accounted in Russia, two of the being within the allocated fund of bowels – the Dal’negorskoe (Primorsky region) which utilized, and Taezhnoe (Sakha Republic – Yakutiya), which is being prepared for utilization. A wide distribution of boron minerals ascertained in magnetite ores, developed in Korshunovskoe (Irkutsk region) and Kazskoe (Kemerovo region) deposits.

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