scholarly journals Influence of the Environment Temperature over the Tactic, Technical and Physical Performances of National Teams

JUMP ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Felipe Ruy Dambroz ◽  
Israel Teoldo ◽  
Thales Nicolau Prímola-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Physical Performances

Soccer is a sport practiced in an open environment and is under the interference of the local environmental conditions of the game. Different environmental conditions, such as heat, relative humidity, cold and altitude can cause changes in the players’ body homeostasis. Thus, this study aimed to verify the effect of different ambient temperature on the tactical, technical and physical performances of national teams in World Cup. The sample was composed by FIFA World Cup games played in Brazil/2014 (n=64; 24.98±4.51°C), and South Africa/2010 (n=61; 14.69±4.70°C). The data were obtained from FIFA website. Temperature was categorized in four ranges: ≤10°C; 11–20°C; 21–30°C; ≥31°C. The tactical (% ball possession time in each sector of the field), technical (% successful conclusions, % successful short, medium, long and total passes) and physical (distance covered) performances of the teams were compared based on temperature ranges. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA One-Way and Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05) were used to compare the averages by temperature range, in addition to the Tukey and Mann-Whitney tests (post-hoc). The results showed that the ambient temperature had an influence on the time of possession of the ball in the defensive (p<0.001), midfield (p<0.004) and offensive (p <0.001). In addition, in relation to technical performance, warmer temperatures positively influenced the percentage of correct passes for short (p<0.028), medium (p <0.014), long (p<0.001) and total (p<0.001), in addition to the percentage of correct shots on goal (p<0.001). On the other hand, with regard to physical performance, warmer temperatures negatively influenced the total distance covered (p<0.001). The ambient temperature influenced the tactical, technical and physical performance of the national teams. In the World Cup, in matches played in warmer temperature ranges, the teams suffered a change in tactical performance, showed improvement in technical performance, and losses in relation to physical performance. 

scholarly journals Avaliação de Tratamentos de Superação de Dormência em Sementes do Delonix regia (Boger ex Hook.) Raf coletadas no Horto Florestal Tote Garcia, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Amorim Marques ◽  
Osvaldo Borges Pinto Junior ◽  
Vera Lucia Lopes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Manual Counting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Temperature Water

A árvore Delonix regia (flamboyant) pertence à família Fabaceae, subfamília Caesalpinioideae, originário da ilha de Madagascar. Tem potencial valor econômico ornamental, pois se trata de uma espécie extremamente florífera e exuberante, indicada para programas de arborização, como parques, praças e jardins, sendo inadequada para ruas e avenidas, devido a suas raízes serem caracterizadas como superficiais. Essa espécie exótica, adaptada as condições ambientais de clima tropical, tem porte de 10 – 12m de altura, de tronco volumoso, espesso, com raízes tabulares. Por apresentar características de dormência tegumentar, este trabalho teve objetivo de avaliar alguns tratamentos para superação de dormência das sementes do Delonix regia. O experimento foi do tipo quantitativo, em que as sementes foram submetidas a três tratamentos e uma testemunha, em um total de 4 tratamentos, com 75 sementes cada. A emergência foi observada in locu, por meio de contagem manual. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: escarificação mecânica com lixa (n° 120); imersão em água em temperatura ambiente por 72 horas, choque térmico com imersão das sementes em água a 80 ºC por 05 min e a testemunha em que não houve nenhuma intervenção. Observou-se que a escarificação mecânica e o choque térmico proporcionaram os melhores resultados para superação de dormência das sementes do Delonix regia.Palavras-chave: Paisagismo. Dormência. Emergência.AbstractThe tree Delonix regia (flamboyant) belongs to the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, originally from the island of Madagascar. It has the potential ornamental economic value, because it is an extremely floriferous and exuberant species suitable for reforestations programs such as parks,and gardens, being inappropriate for streets and avenues, because its roots are characterized as superficial. This exotic species, adapted to the environmental conditions of tropical climate, reaches size of 10-12 m tall, large trunk, dense with tabular roots. It is renowned for being an extremely floriferous and exuberant species. By presenting cutaneous numbness characteristics, the objective of this study was to evaluate some treatments to overcome dormancy of seeds Delonix regia. The experiment was the quantitative type, in which the seeds were subjectedto three treatments and a control, a total of 4 treatments with 75 seeds each. The emergence was observed in locus through manual counting. The treatments were mechanical scarification with sandpaper (#120); immersion in ambient temperature water for 72 hours, thermal shock deep soaking the seeds in water at 80 °C for 5 minutes and the control, which had no intervention. It was observed that the mechanical scarification and thermal shock provided the best results for breaking dormancy of seeds Delonix regia.Keywords: Landscaping. Emergency Seedling. Dormancy

Study on Effects of Compressor Inlet Air Cooling on GTCC System Performance Under Different Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duan Liqiang ◽  
Guo Yaofei ◽  
Pan Pan ◽  
Li Yongxia
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Cooling Technology

Abstract The environmental conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) have a great impact on the power and efficiency of gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) system. Using the intake air cooling technology can greatly improve the performance of GTCC system. On the base of the PG9351FA gas turbine combined cycle system, this article builds the models of both the GTCC system and a typical lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system using Aspen Plus software. The effects of compressor inlet air cooling with different environmental conditions on the GTCC system performance are studied. The research results show that using the inlet air cooling technology can obviously increase the output powers of both the gas turbine and the combined cycle power. When the ambient humidity is low, the efficiency of GTCC changes gently; while the ambient humidity is high, the GTCC system efficiency will decline substantially when water in the air is condensed and removed with the progress of cooling process. At the same ambient temperature, when the relative humidity of the environment is equal to 20%, the gas turbine output power is increased by 35.64 MW, with an increase of 16.32%, and the combined cycle output power is increased by 39.57 MW, with an increase of 11.34%. At an ambient temperature of 35°C, for every 2.5 °C drop in the compressor inlet air, the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine increases by 0.189% compared to before cooling.

scholarly journals Effects of Bio-Banding upon Physical and Technical Performance during Soccer Competition: A Preliminary Analysis

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Abbott ◽  
Stuart Williams ◽  
Gary Brickley ◽  
Nicholas J Smeeton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Premier League ◽  
English Premier League ◽  
Adult Stature

Bio-banded competition has been introduced to address the variation in physical maturity within soccer. To date, no research has investigated the effect of bio-banded competition relative to chronological competition. The current study investigated the effect of bio-banding upon physical and technical performance in elite youth soccer athletes. Twenty-five male soccer athletes (11–15 years) from an English Premier League soccer academy participated in bio-banded and chronological competition, with physical and technical performance data collected for each athlete. Athletes were between 85–90% of predicted adult stature, and sub-divided into early, on-time and late developers. For early developers, significantly more short passes, significantly less dribbles and a higher rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evident during bio-banded competition compared to chronological competition (p < 0.05). Significantly more short passes and dribbles, and significantly fewer long passes were seen for on-time developers during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). For late developers, significantly more tackles, and significantly fewer long passes were evident during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). No significant differences in physical performance were identified between competition formats. Results demonstrated that bio-banded competition changed the technical demand placed upon athletes compared to chronological competition, without reducing the physical demands. Bio-banded competition can be prescribed to athletes of differing maturation groups dependent upon their specific developmental needs.

scholarly journals Considerations for the development of extreme heat policies in sport and exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Chalmers ◽  
Glenda Anderson ◽  
Ollie Jay
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Cooling Strategies ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Radiant Temperature

We detail key considerations for the development of extreme heat policies in sport and exercise. Policies should account for the four environmental parameters (ambient temperature, humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature) and two personal (activity and clothing) parameters that determine the prevailing thermoregulatory strain during exercise in the heat. Considerations for how to measure environmental stress and convey the level of risk are discussed. Finally, we highlight the need to include feasible cooling strategies that are relevant for the prevailing environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Relative age, maturation, anthropometry and physical performance characteristics of players within an Elite Youth Football Academy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickesh Patel ◽  
Alan Nevill ◽  
Ross Cloak ◽  
Tina Smith ◽  
Matthew Wyon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Physical Performances ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Level 1

A professional English football club with Category 1 academy status was investigated to determine the magnitude of relative age effects (RAE) within the club and explore between-quartile differences for somatic maturity, anthropometry and physical performances. Birth dates of 426 players from Under 9 to First Team were categorised into four birth quartiles (Q) and examined for relative age effects. Additionally, data on 382 players (Under 11 to First Team) were obtained for somatic maturity, anthropometry, countermovement jump, sprint (10 and 30 m), agility T-test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 or 2 performance to determine between-quartile differences. Odds ratios revealed Q1 players were 6.0 times more likely to be represented than Q4 players. Multilevel modelling demonstrated between birth quartile similarities for each variable across all age groups, though there was a tendency for Q4 players to outperform Q1 players between Under 11 and Under 18 groups. Strong relative age effects exist within this club as well as a tendency to select players demonstrating advanced growth and/or maturity, with some indication that higher categorised academies in England may be at risk of amplified selection biases. Talent identification strategies in elite youth football should actively seek to adopt novel approaches to reduce selection biases and avoid wasted potential.

scholarly journals Physical Activity during Winter in Old-Old Women Associated with Physical Performance after One Year: A Prospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Mizumoto ◽  
Hikaru Ihira ◽  
Keitaro Makino ◽  
Shigeyuki Saitoh ◽  
Hirofumi Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Physical Performances ◽  
Maintenance Group

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the decline of physical activity during winter influences physical performances (after 1 year) in old-old women.Methods. Fifty-three Japanese women (mean age: 78.4 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. Data of physical activity was collected by using an accelerometer at baseline and 3-month follow-up, and participants who decreased step counts in this period were defined as declining groups. We measured grip strength, knee extensor strength, total length of the center of gravity, hip walking distance, and maximum walking speed to evaluate physical performances at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Repeated-measures analysis of variance determined the difference in physical performance between declining groups and maintenance group with maintained or improved step counts.Results. Daily step counts for 22 older women (41.5%) decreased during winter. A statistically significant interaction effect between group and time was found for maximum walking speed (F(1,50)=5.23,p=0.03).Post hoccomparisons revealed that walking speed in the maintenance group significantly increased compared with baseline (p=0.01); the declining group showed no significant change (p=0.44).Conclusion. Change of physical activity during winter influences the physical performance level after 1 year in community-dwelling old-old women, particularly its effect on maximum walking speed.

Mental Fatigue: Impairment of Technical Performance in Small-Sided Soccer Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver O. Badin ◽  
Mitchell R. Smith ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computer Based

Purpose:To assess the effects of mental fatigue on physical and technical performance in small-sided soccer games. Methods:Twenty soccer players (age 17.8 ± 1.0 y, height 179 ± 5 cm, body mass 72.4 ± 6.8 kg, playing experience 8.3 ± 1.4 y) from an Australian National Premier League soccer club volunteered to participate in this randomized crossover investigation. Participants played 15-min 5-vs-5 small-sided games (SSGs) without goalkeepers on 2 occasions separated by 1 wk. Before the SSG, 1 team watched a 30-min emotionally neutral documentary (control), while the other performed 30 min of a computer-based Stroop task (mental fatigue). Subjective ratings of mental and physical fatigue were recorded before and after treatment and after the SSG. Motivation was assessed before treatment and SSG; mental effort was assessed after treatment and SSG. Player activity profiles and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout the SSG, whereas ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were recorded before the SSG and immediately after each half. Video recordings of the SSG allowed for notational analysis of technical variables. Results:Subjective ratings of mental fatigue and effort were higher after the Stroop task, whereas motivation for the upcoming SSG was similar between conditions. HR during the SSG was possibly higher in the control condition, whereas RPE was likely higher in the mental-fatigue condition. Mental fatigue had an unclear effect on most physical-performance variables but impaired most technical-performance variables. Conclusions:Mental fatigue impairs technical but not physical performance in small-sided soccer games.

Effect of Ambient Temperature during Small Scale Co-Composting of Human Faecal Matter

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3316-3320
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Zi Fu Li ◽  
Eric Bosc ◽  
Heinz Peter Mang
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Reactor Temperature

To find a suitable and affordable technology for the composting of human faeces in the Ger Areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, new composting system was developed and several trials have been conducted. Under controlled conditions with pH, temperature and moisture, three different mixtures were tested: human faeces plus sawdust, human faeces plus straw and human faeces plus wood chips. Based on the experimental results it can be concluded that the composting process, if started under controlled and appropriate conditions, could start and last about 32 days. Meanwhile, when ambient temperature drops sharply, the reactor temperature correspondingly drops sharply, but shows different results in the different temperature ranges. For stable and high efficient composting under such condition, further improvement measures and more trials should be done in next stages.

scholarly journals RUNNERING RESPONSE OF DIVERSE STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 657d-657
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Paynter ◽  
Barbara M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Conventional Methods

The National Plant Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, houses over 700 different Fragaria genotypes. Many of these produce few or no runners, making propagation difficult by in vitro or conventional methods. Experiments were run to determine the response of non-runnering genotypes to environmental conditions and GA3 treatments. Two groups of plants of 12 genotypes were grown in a 25°C growth chamber (GC) with 24 h light. One group was sprayed twice with 500 ppm GA3, 24 h apart, while a second group was not sprayed. Control plants of each genotype were grown at ambient temperature and long days and were not sprayed with GA3. Both F. vesca L. cultivars and day-neutral genotypes produced significantly more runners with the GA3 GC treatment than the unsprayed GC or the control. Most June-bearing cultivars had improved runnering with both GC treatments. A separate experiment using 30 genotypes with two GA3 sprays (500 ppm, 24 h apart) at ambient temperature and long daylength showed that plants with the GA3 sprays produced significantly more runners than unsprayed controls. In both experiments, GA3 sprays improved runner production by most of the unresponsive Fragaria genotypes.

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