scholarly journals Nitrogen Concentrations and Nitrogen Yields of Above-Ground Dry Matter of Chickpea during Crop Growth Compared to Pea, Barley and Oat in Central Europ

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
H. Wagentristl ◽  
H.-P. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Root Temperatures at two Shoot Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date ◽  
D. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Controlled Environments

SUMMARYNodulated plants of Stylosanthes hamata, S. guianensis, S. humilis, S. scabra and S. fruticosa were grown in controlled environments with varied root and shoot temperatures. Measurement of dry matter and nitrogen content suggested that shoot temperature may be more important than root temperature in controlling growth and nitrogen fixation. There were strong interactions with variety. A fall in relative growth rate with increase in shoot temperature was least for S. guianensis and greatest for S. hamata and S. scabra. The optimum root temperature for growth and nitrogen fixation was approximately 30°C. Ninety percent maximum yield was achieved between root temperatures of 15–36°C for growth and 23–34°C for nitrogen fixation but varied with variety. Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive than dry weight to root temperature. The pattern of response of percentage nitrogen and nitrogen fixation efficiency reflected those for dry weight and nitrogen yields. Shoot to root ratios decreased toward the optimum root temperature then increased at the highest temperature. The reaction of varieties to root and shoot temperatures may be an important factor in determining their suitability for new regions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeimi Isabel Janisch ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Vinícius Toso ◽  
Kamila Gabriele Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica Maronez de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Crown Roots

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

Studies on reproduction in prolific ewes:5. The accretion of nutrients in the foetuses and adnexa

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. McDonald ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
R. I. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

SUMMARYThe concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, fat and ash and of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were determined for 22 sets of twin foetuses, 33 of triplets and 11 of quadruplets of known gestational ages within the range 55–145 days. In addition, determinations were made of the concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, fat and ash in their associated placentae and empty uteri, and of dry matter, nitrogen, energy and ash in the foetal fluids. The dry matter, crude protein and fat concentrations in the placentae increased with foetal age and decreased with increasing litter size. Ash concentrations were unaltered. There was no effect of litter size or foetal age on the concentration of nutrients in the empty uteri. Dry matter and nitrogen concentrations in the fluids increased with foetal age but were independent of litter size, whereas ash concentrations increased with litter size but not with age.The form of the mathematical model for foetal growth is considered in relation to the estimation of rates of accretion and the estimation of the differences in composition to be expected between foetuses that are heavy and others that are light relative to their age. When the weights of the foetal constituents were fitted by Gompertz equations extended to include foetal weight as an allometric term, the effects of litter size on foetal composition could be estimated from the foetal weights for each size of litter. Concentrations of dry matter and of most constituents in the foetuses became less as numbers of foetuses increased, irrespective of stage of gestation.A description of the changing composition of the growing foetuses was provided by specific growth rates calculated from the fitted equations. With minor exceptions, derived estimates of foetal concentrations of each constituent were found to agree quite well with most previously published estimates for ovine foetuses, but similar agreement on daily accretion rates was not to be expected in view of the sensitivity of such estimates to the choice of model for foetal growth. Rates of accretion in the gravid uterus increased up to about 5 weeks before parturition and tended to level off thereafter, but most of them still increased slightly over the last 2 weeks, even in ewes bearing triplets or quadruplets. Taking account of the changes in the maternal body of the ewes, it was concluded that although the prolific ewes incurred a substantial energy deficit, and could not have consumed sufficient of the diet to avoid this, their intakes in late pregnancy were nevertheless adequate to support the high rates of accretion of protein and of minerals in the gravid uterus.

Plant population and shading studies in barley

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Willey ◽  
R. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Lower Production

SUMMARYTwo barley experiments are described in which a range of plant populations were shaded during different periods of development. Shading during the ear development period caused considerable reductions in grain yield, largely by reducing the number of grains per ear. Shading during the grain-filling period caused no reduction in grain yield. It is suggested that under conditions of these experiments there was probably a potential surplus of carbohydrate available for grain filling and that grain yield was largely determined by the storage capacity of the ears. The importance of the number of grains per ear as an indicator of individual ear capacity is emphasized.The effects of plant population on grain yield and its components are also examined. It is concluded that the number of grains per ear is the component having greatest influence on the decrease in grain yield at above-optimum populations and attention is again drawn to the possible importance of ear capacity. It is argued that on an area basis the number of grains per unit area may give a good indication of ear capacity. Examination of this parameter shows a close relationship with grain yield per unit area for both the shading and population treatments. It is particularly evident that a decrease in grain yield at high populations was associated with a comparable decrease in the number of grains per unit area. It is suggested that this decrease in grain number may be due to a lower production of total dry matter during ear development rather than an unfavourable partitioning of this dry matter between the ear and the rest of the plant. This lower production of total dry matter is attributed to the crop growth rates of the higher populations having reached their peak and then having declined before the end of the ear development period. This crop growth rate pattern, through its effect on grain number per unit area, is put forward as the basic reason why, in the final crop, grain yield per unit area decreases at above-optimum populations.

A quantitative examination of the growth of swards of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury ◽  
L Adem ◽  
P Baghurst ◽  
ED Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Shoot dry matter yield data for swards of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong established on two occasions at Adelaide in 1975 have been used to examine the influence of sowing rate on the seasonal growth pattern of this species. The patterns of dry matter growth are assessed: (i) by the use of a logistic function; (ii) by a growth stage approach involving an initial phase of approximately exponential growth (stage I) followed by a phase of almost constant growth rate (stage II). Two methods are given for determining the duration of these stages. It was found that stage I1 began at a shoot dry weight of about 300 g m-2, irrespective of sowing rate. End-of-season yield at about 10 t ha-1 was largely independent of sowing time and of sowing density. A maximum crop growth rate of 14.9 g m-2 d-1 was recorded for low density and late sowing. Sowing density had a marked effect on the shape of the growth curves; both the maximum crop growth rate and the average crop growth rate in stage II decreased with increase in sowing rate for each time of sowing.

The response of a birdwood grass - Townsville lucerne pasture to phosphate fertilizers at Katherine, N.T

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Forage Yields

In an experiment at Katherine, N.T., the response of birdwood grass-Townsville lucerne (Cenchrus setigerus Vahl and Stylosanthes hurnilis H.B.K.) pasture sown on virgin land to levels of superphosphate and Christmas Island rock phosphate dust and to levels of superphosphate subsequently applied annually for three years was measured. There were no significant interactions between initial and annual applications. Initial applications of 2 and 4 cwt an acre superphosphate both gave higher forage yields of dry matter and nitrogen than 2 and 4 cwt an acre rock phosphate over the experimental period. Phosphorus yield of forage was a function of rate rather than of type of fertilizer. Annual superphosphate applications up to 1 cwt an acre increased the dry matter and nitrogen yields of the grass, but not those of the legume, and increased the phosphorus yield of both. The higher proportion of grass at high superphosphate levels was interpreted as a difference in responsiveness of the two species. A regime of 2 cwt an acre superphosphate initially and 1/2 cwt an acre annually produced 90 per cent of what was considered to be the maximum yield.

Effects of Irradiance and Solar Radiation on Dry Matter Growth and Net CO2 Exchange of Trifolium subterraneum L. Swards at a Constant Temperature

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fukai ◽  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Small swards of subterranean clover were grown at 20°C at different times of the year and at the same time under shades of different light transmission. Dry matter production and net CO2 exchange rates at different levels of irradiance were measured during growth. Crop growth rates and net CO2 exchange rates are examined in relation to plant attributes and to the daily solar radiation. Dry matter growth curves varied according to the daily solar radiation. Increase in crop growth rate with increase in daily solar radiation was taken to be linear for swards with similar dry weight and was more rapid for closed canopies than for those not showing full light interception. Once a closed canopy was attained, further increase in total dry matter resulted in decreased crop growth rate due, apparently, to increased loss of dry weight through increased respiration rate. The shape of the CO2 exchange/irradiance curve was linear up to 100 W m-2 (PAR) and curvilinear above that value. The rate of net CO2 exchange at 50 W m-2 (PAR) decreased with increase in shoot dry matter above 100 g m-2 due, apparently, to an increased rate of dark CO2 efflux: the rate was not affected by daily solar radiation during growth. The net CO2 exchange rate at 250 W m-2 (PAR) increased with increase in LAI up to 3 after which it became almost constant, varying only with the variation in daily solar radiation during growth. The rate of dark CO2 efflux was strongly affected by the amount of dry matter present and to a smaller extent by the crop growth rate or the daily solar radiation.

scholarly journals High-resolution assessment of French grassland dry matter and nitrogen yields

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 125952 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-I. Graux ◽  
R. Resmond ◽  
E. Casellas ◽  
L. Delaby ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Yields
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