scholarly journals GRAIN YIELD, FORAGE YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF DUAL PURPOSE WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY CUTTING HEIGHTS AND SOWING DATE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim ATIS ◽  
Muzaffer AKAR
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dual Purpose

scholarly journals Agronomic and In Vitro Quality Evaluation of Dual-Purpose Cereals Clipped at Variable Ages and Their Utilization in Rabbit Feeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Heba S. A. Salama ◽  
Assem M. Safwat ◽  
Osama H. Elghalid ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd El-Hady
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ryegrass Hay

The present study included two experiments; the first one investigated the forage productivity and in vitro quality of a single cut taken at different plant ages (45, 60, and 75 days after sowing—DAS) from four prominent cereal crops, namely, barley, oat, triticale, and ryegrass, grown during two successive winter seasons in Northern Egypt. In addition, the effect of plant age at forage removal on the crop’s regrowth ability and final grain yield was quantified. The second experiment studied the biological in vivo effects of the four crops’ hay cut at the optimum plant age on growth performance, feed utilization, and apparent nutrients’ digestibility of growing rabbits. Despite the progressive increase in the fresh and dry matter yields produced from the four crops with later forage removal and the relatively high quality of the forage removed at 45 DAS, 1st experiment concluded that forage removal at 60 DAS produced a reasonable amount of fresh and dry matter yields with appropriate in vitro quality. Meanwhile, the gain in forage yield, when forage was removed at 60 DAS, was enough to compensate for the consequent reduction in grain yield of the four evaluated crops. The inclusion of variable percentages (0, 10, and 20%) of the four tested crops’ hay, when cut at 60 DAS, in the rabbit’s diet (2nd experiment), resulted in non-significant variations in the rabbit’s final body weight. Meanwhile, regardless of the percentage, the rabbits that were fed on diets including ryegrass hay and barley hay had the highest significant daily weight gain. The best feed conversion ratios were obtained by the rabbits that were fed on diets containing 10 and 20% ryegrass hay as well as 20% triticale hay. The highest dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibility coefficients were obtained by both groups of rabbits that were fed on diets containing 20% ryegrass hay and barley hay. The inclusion of any of the four crops’ hay in the rabbits’ diet resulted in significantly higher digestibility coefficients for all nutrients compared to the control rabbits except for ether extract digestibility. Among the four evaluated crops’ hay, ryegrass hay was found to have an outstanding impact on the productive performance and digestibility of growing rabbits. In growing dual-purpose cereals, it is recommended to cut the crops at 60 DAS to achieve the optimum balance between forage yield and quality on the one hand and final grain yield on the other hand. Moreover, when cut at 60 DAS, the evaluated hay of the four crops was adequate to be included in the rabbits’ diet up to 20% substitution of the commercial fiber sources.

scholarly journals Response of dual-purpose wheat to nitrogen fertilization and seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Pase Quatrin ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Gabriela Descovi Simonetti ◽  
Vinicius Felipe Bratz ◽  
Guilherme Librelotto de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT The use of inoculants containing plant growth-promoting bacteria is an alternative to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. Studies evaluating the effects of inoculation on forage yield, straw yield, and grain yield in dual-purpose wheat cultivars are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the forage yield and grain yield in dual-purpose wheat inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and fertilized with increasing nitrogen rates during two agricultural years (2016-2017) under cutting management. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized block design with four replicates, using a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. The factors were the inoculation (control or A. brasilense) and nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N). Forage, grain and straw yield, and number of tillers were evaluated. Forage yield differed between treatments with inoculation and without inoculation, 3952 and 3350 kg DM ha-1, respectively. There was no effect of inoculation on grain yield. The forage and leaf biomass yield, the number of tillers and straw yield increased with inoculation.

Forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from dual-purpose cowpea cultivars for dry season, livestock and feeding in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-496
Author(s):  
N.J. Anyanwu ◽  
O.S. Onifade ◽  
J.A. Olanite ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
B.O. Boukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Humid Forest Zone ◽  
Nutritive Quality

The availability of high quality forage, especially during the dry season remains a major challenge to ruminant livestock production in Nigeria and many parts of West Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from selected dual purpose cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars in the humid rain forest zone of Nigeria. The forage and pod yields of twenty cultivars were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Subsequently, five dual-purpose cultivars, namely IT04K-334-2, IT07K-293-3, IT04K-194-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, were selected based on forage and pod yields from previous trial, for determination of chemical and fibre compositions. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in pod and forage yields among the twenty cowpea cultivars, with yields ranging from 0-1.5 t ha-1 and 0.1-4.5 t ha-1 for pod and forage, respectively. Cultivars IT07K-293-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-194-3, IT04K-334-2, IT04K-267-8 and IT04K-339-1 recorded the highest fodder yields of at least 2715 t ha-1, with crude protein contents ranging from 10.49% in IT07K-194-3 to 13 .57 % in IT04K-405-5. Cultivars IT07K-194-3, IT07K-293-3, IT07K-220-1-9, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-187-55IT04K-332-1 recorded the highest pod yields (>700 t ha-1). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in crude protein, ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) contents among five cultivars selected from the top ten high yielding cultivars, based on mean ranking score. These selected cultivars are recommended as dual-purpose cowpea for the humid forest zone.

High forage yield and quality of sudan grass ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) cultivated in calcareous soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
M. Selim
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Yield And Quality

Sudan grass and pearl millet are major warm season dryland crops, primarily grown for grain production and used as a major source of dietary energy. Both crops are highly water use efficient and belong to the C 4 group of species with high photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation rates. Both sudan grass and pearl millet have good forage quality, with an adequate crude protein content; that of pearl millet (8.7%) is higher than that of sorghum (6.0%). Therefore, the present investigation was conducted in the Western Delta Region at El-Naubaria, 40 km south of Alexandria, over two successive seasons to evaluate the forage yield and quality of sudan grass and pearl millet. Field experiments were established on calcareous soils, with five fertilization treatments. The results indicate that pearl millet surpassed sudan grass in fresh (6.56 t/ha) and dry yield (2.91 t/ha), which was 8.89% and 5.26% more, respectively, than for sudan grass. As regards the forage quality, pearl millet had good digestibility and was lower in fibre than sudan grass.

Influence of number and timing of fungicide applications on the yield and quality of early and later-sown spring malting barley grown in the south-east of Ireland

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. CONRY ◽  
B. DUNNE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Dominant Disease

Eighteen experiments were carried out over a 6-year period (1989–94) on three different soil types to compare the effects of a broad-spectrum fungicide, applied as 1-, 2- or 3-spray programmes at different growth stages, to control foliar diseases on early and later-sown Blenheim malting barley. Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis (Blumeria graminis) f. sp. hordei, was the dominant disease in all 6 years. Sowing date had a major effect on grain yield and ex-farm quality of the malting barley. The earlier-sown treatments gave significantly greater yield than the later-sown in 13 of the experiments, and significantly lower grain N concentrations and screenings (small grains <2·2mm) in 14 and 16 of them, respectively.Early and more frequent fungicide applications improved grain yield and reduced grain screenings but had no significant effect on grain N. Early-applied fungicide (i.e. before GS 33) was generally the most effective in controlling disease, increasing yield and reducing screenings. The magnitude of the response depended on disease severity. In those years when disease was low on the early-sown crops (1989,1991 and 1994), the early-applied 1-spray programme and 2-spray programmes increased grain yields by relatively small amounts in both early and late-sown crops. In the other 3 years (1990,1992 and 1993), when disease severity was greater, the early-applied 1-spray programme and 2-spray programmes gave much greater grain yield increments on both early and late sowings. The 3-spray fungicide programme gave the greatest yields in most of the experiments but they were not significantly greater than the best of all the other treatments. Grain screenings were reduced by fungicide applications in both early and late-sown crops, but the early-applied 1-spray programme and 2-spray programmes were generally the most effective in reducing screenings.

scholarly journals Forage Yield, Phenological Development, and Forage Quality of an Agropyron repens X A. spicatum Hybrid

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Perez-Trejo ◽  
Don D. Dwyer ◽  
K. H. Asay
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) for grain and forage production in the Ord irrigation area

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Forage Yields

Grain and forage production of six accessions (Rongai, Highworth, T58/ 13, CPI 3 1 1 13, CPI 41 222 and CPI 60 216) of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) were measured over two seasons in the Ord Irrigation Area. All accessions were quantitative short day plants, flowering during the early dry season (May-July). Forage yields at flowering were generally unaffected by sowing date for sowings made between December and February, but declined with later sowings. There were marked differences between accessions in the forage yield at flowering, and the peak yield of 8.6 t/ha was obtained with a December sowing of accessions T58/ 13; this comprised 3.6 t/ha of leaf containing 3.7% nitrogen and 5.0 t/ha of stem containing 1.1 % nitrogen. The uptake of nitrogen by the tops between sowing and flowering ranged up to 1.8 kg/ha.d (1 94 kg N in 108 days) indicating the potential value of lablab as a green manure crop. Grain yields ranged from 0.27 to 3.05 t/ha over all sowing dates and accessions with the peak yield being obtained in a February sowing of cv. Highworth. All accessions became smaller and bushier as sowing was delayed. This facilitated harvesting for grain. Cutting and removal of foliage at the onset of flowering led to rapid regrowth and renewed flowering, and gave grain yields up to 90% of those obtained from undefoliated treatments. The cultivar Highworth was best for grain production and for dual purpose forage and grain production.

Optimising grain yield and grazing potential of crops across Australia’s high-rainfall zone: a simulation analysis. 1. Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Julianne M. Lilley ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
John A. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South West ◽  
Crop Density

Interest is growing in the potential to expand cropping into Australia’s high-rainfall zone (HRZ). Dual-purpose crops are suited to the longer growing seasons in these environments to provide both early grazing for livestock and later regrow to produce grain. Grain yield and grazing potential of wheats of four different maturity types were simulated over 50 years at 13 locations across Australia’s HRZ, and sowing date, nitrogen (N) availability and crop density effects were explored. Potential grazing days on wheat were obtained by simulating sheep grazing crops to Zadoks growth stage Z30 at 25 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. Optimal sowing dates for each maturity type at each location were matched to the flowering window during which risk of frost and heat stress was lowest. Overall, we found significant national potential for dual-purpose use of winter wheat cultivars across Australia’s HRZ, with opportunities identified in all regions. Simulated mean wheat yields exceeded 6 t/ha at most locations, with highest mean grain yields (8–10 t/ha) in southern Victoria, and lower yields (5–7 t/ha) in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) and central and northern New South Wales (NSW). Highest grazing days were from winter cultivars sown early (March–mid-April), which could provide 1700–3000 DSE-days/ha of grazing across HRZ locations; this was 2–3 times higher than could be obtained from grazing spring cultivars (200–800 DSE-days/ha). Sowing date was critical to maximise both grazing and grain yield potential from winter cultivars; each 1-week delay in sowing after 8 March reduced grazing by 200–250 DSE-days/ha and grain yield by 0.45 t/ha. However, in Mediterranean climates, a lower frequency of early sowing opportunities before mid-April (<30% of years) is likely to limit the potential to use winter cultivars. Prospects to graze shorter season spring cultivars that fit later sowing windows require further examination in south-west WA, the slopes of NSW and southern Queensland.

Corrigendum to: Optimising grain yield and grazing potential of crops across Australia’s high-rainfall zone: a simulation analysis. 1. Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Julianne M. Lilley ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
John A. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Crop Density

Interest is growing in the potential to expand cropping into Australia's high-rainfall zone (HRZ). Dual-purpose crops are suited to the longer growing seasons in these environments to provide both early grazing for livestock and later regrow to produce grain. Grain yield and grazing potential of wheats of four different maturity types were simulated over 50 years at 13 locations across Australia's HRZ, and sowing date, nitrogen (N) availability and crop density effects were explored. Potential grazing days on wheat were obtained by simulating sheep grazing crops to Zadoks growth stage Z30 at 25 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. Optimal sowing dates for each maturity type at each location were matched to the flowering window during which risk of frost and heat stress was lowest. Overall, we found significant national potential for dual-purpose use of winter wheat cultivars across Australia's HRZ, with opportunities identified in all regions. Simulated mean wheat yields exceeded 6t/ha at most locations, with highest mean grain yields (8–10t/ha) in southern Victoria, and lower yields (5–7t/ha) in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) and central and northern New South Wales (NSW). Highest grazing days were from winter cultivars sown early (March–mid-April), which could provide 1700–3000 DSE-days/ha of grazing across HRZ locations; this was 2–3 times higher than could be obtained from grazing spring cultivars (200–800 DSE-days/ha). Sowing date was critical to maximise both grazing and grain yield potential from winter cultivars; each 1-week delay in sowing after 8 March reduced grazing by 200–250 DSE-days/ha and grain yield by 0.45t/ha. However, in Mediterranean climates, a lower frequency of early sowing opportunities before mid-April (

Planting Date Influence on Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Forage Yield, Grain Yield, and Test Weight

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishrat Hossain ◽  
Francis M. Epplin ◽  
Eugene G. Krenzer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Dual Purpose
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