scholarly journals Functioning Of the Maxillary Apparatus of Fish: Modeling and Kinematic Analysis of the Crank-And-Link Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-562
Author(s):  
Yu. Tolmacheva ◽  
A. Chmatkova ◽  
D.T. Vyu ◽  
V. Kuzlyakina
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Kinematic Scheme ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Jaw Apparatus ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

To study the functioning of the jaw apparatus of fish was developed and tested kinematic scheme using crank mechanism. This model is a modified analogue of the previously used four-link hinge system. In this development, based on empirical studies, was taken into account the immobility of the pterygoid and Palatine bones, which in previous works were considered as moving elements. The application of the analytical approach allowed to determine the dependence of the angles and links of the mechanism, as well as the kinematic characteristics of the upper and lower jaw blocks. The morphometric data of the jaw apparatus of two closely related species of coastal Cottoidei, characterized by linear parameters of bones, were used for the implementation of kinematic analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that the increase in the length of the jaws affects the space-time kinematic characteristics, changing the amplitude and speed of movement. It is shown that the angle of rotation and the angular velocity of the maxillary block decreases with the transition of views to the power of large objects, since the extension of the mouth becomes less relevant and is compensated by an increase in its size. At the same time, this provides an increase in the angle of rotation of the mandibular block and, accordingly, the maximum height of the mouth opening. In General, the resulting kinematic scheme and analytical dependences can be used to calculate the range of possible options and the speed of movements in different species of fish with a similar type of jaw apparatus.

Jaw Apparatus and Feeding Mechanics of Typhlops (Ophidia: Typhlopidae): a Reconsideration

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai N. Iordansky
Keyword(s):  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Jaw Apparatus ◽  
Feeding Mechanics ◽  
Cranial Kinesis

The cranial kinesis and movements of the lower jaw in Typhlops are analyzed, with special emphasis placed on the functions of the jugomandibular ligament. The musculature of the Typhlops jaw apparatus is described. The role of movements of the quadrato-mandibular and palato-maxillary systems in feeding mechanics and functioning of the jaw apparatus muscles is discussed.

scholarly journals KINEMATICS OF METALLURGICAL CUTTERS WITH PARALLEL BLADES

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
I. V. Bychkov ◽  
L. T. Dvornikov ◽  
I. A. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Kinematic Scheme ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Metal Separation ◽  
Entire Thickness ◽  
Roller Bed

Cutting with parallel blades cutters consists of three periods: blades ridging in metal; cutting; chipping (separation). Maximum force is required at the end of the ridging period and at the beginning of cutting. Since one of the blades is stationary, the second blade in cutting process has to go deep into the entire thickness of metal to cut the billet. For example, if thickness of metal is20 mm, then the upper blade needs to pass20 mmfor its cutting. If you make both blades moving towards each other, cutting effort will be less. In this case, each blade cutting20 mmof metal will pass 10mm. In order not to make mechanism of cutter with two movable blades too complicated, it is important to ensure its mobility from one drive. So, there acute the issue of arrangement possibility of blades moving towards each other with guaranteed strength of the units, transmitting effort on the blades. Kinematic scheme of cutters with blades moving parallel to each other in a vertical plane is proposed. Advantages of the proposed cutters design are the following: counter movement of blades requires less effort to cut the billet; force from each blade is distributed to two connecting rods, reducing load on each of them; since blades move towards each other, the main cutting force is distributed along the units of the mechanism and is transmitted to the engine, which reduces load on the frame and foundation when cutting; when blades move towards each other, metal separation occurs faster, it allows to concentrate maximal force during cutting with minimal load on the engine; the cut part of the billet does not fall below the roller bed at the end of cutting, so installation of the lower movable table is not required. Mobility of the proposed mechanism is determined by P.L. Chebyshev formula with its value = 1. Kinematic analysis of blades is carried out using a special method, which is in using point of connecting rods intersection.

scholarly journals A New Tridimensional Insight into Geometric and Kinematic Characteristics of Masticatory Cycles in Participants with Normal Occlusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Fuentes ◽  
Alain Arias ◽  
María Florencia Lezcano ◽  
Diego Saravia ◽  
Gisaku Kuramochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Mandibular Movement ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Mandibular Movements ◽  
Insight Into

The aim of this study was to analyze the general, geometric, and kinematic characteristics of the masticatory cycle’s movements in a tridimensional way, using a method developed by our study group to provide a new insight into the analysis of mandibular movements due to advancement in the potential of computational analysis. Ten individuals (20.1 ± 2.69 years), molar class I, without mandibular movement problems participated in this study. The movements of the masticatory cycles, frontal and sagittal mandibular border movements, were recorded using 3D electromagnetic articulography and processed with computational scripts developed by our research group. The number of chewing cycles, frequency (cycles/s), chewing cycle areas/mandibular border movements areas ratios, and the mouth opening and closing speeds on the 3D trajectory of the chewing cycle were compared. The cycles were divided and analyzed in thirds. The masticatory cycles showed high variation among the individuals (21.6 ± 9.4 cycles); the frequency (1.46 ± 0.21 cycles/s) revealed a moderate positive correlation (R = 0.52) with the number of cycles. The frontal area ratios between the cycle area and the mandibular border movement presented higher values in the first third (6.65%) of the masticatory cycles, and the ratios of sagittal areas were higher and more variable (first, 7.67%; second, 8.06%; and third, 10.04%) than the frontal view. The opening and closing mouth speeds were greater in the second third of the masticatory cycles (OS, 57.82 mm/s; CS, 58.34 mm/s) without a significant difference between the opening and closing movements when the same thirds were evaluated. Further studies are necessary to improve the understanding of the masticatory cycles regarding the standardization of parameters and their values.

scholarly journals Comparative Kinematic Analysis of Hurdle Clearance Technique in Dogs: A Preliminary Report

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2405
Author(s):  
Francisco Miró ◽  
Patricia López ◽  
Jose Manuel Vilar ◽  
Alfonso M. Galisteo ◽  
Joaquín Vivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Maximal Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clearance Technique

Although the jumping characteristics of agility dogs have been examined in recent years, there is currently a lack of data related to the suspension phase. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biomechanics of the suspension phase of the agility jump and to analyze the kinematic differences in dogs with different jumping abilities. Two groups of dogs of the same height category (large dogs) competing at different skill levels and assessed as excellent jumpers (n = 4) and less-skilled jumpers (n = 3), respectively, were analyzed and statistically compared. Excellent jumpers showed longer and faster jumps with flatter jump trajectories than less-skilled jumpers. In less-skilled jumpers, the distance in front of the hurdle was notably greater than the distance behind it, while the difference between these two distances was less in excellent jumpers. Length and duration of the jump, maximal height of the jumping trajectory, take-off and landing distances to the hurdle, time of occurrence of maximal jump height, and time of change in back orientation essentially defines the suspension phase of the agility jump. This study presents preliminary evidence that the kinematic characteristics of hurdle clearance are different in excellent jumper dogs and in less-skilled jumper dogs.

Dimensional Synthesis and Kinematic Analysis of Mold Clamping Mechanism with Double Toggle Effects at Clamped Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Long Chang Hsieh ◽  
Tzu Hsia Chen ◽  
Po Cheng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Open Position ◽  
Better Than

The mold clamping mechanism is an important mechanism of injection machine, and the mold clamping mechanism with good kinematic characteristics is the goal pursued when designing injection machine. Traditionally, the mold clamping mechanism must have at least one toggle effect at clamped position; when the mold is at open position, the mold clamping mechanism does not need to have toggle effect. In this paper, 2 mechanisms of existing patents are used to illustrate the process of the dimensional synthesis and kinematic analysis of mold clamping mechanism with double toggle effects at clamped position. The kinematic characteristics of 2nd mechanism is better than 1st mechanism.

The Kinematic Analysis of Heart-Shaped Gear Continuously Variable Transmission

2010 ◽  
Vol 37-38 ◽  
pp. 1489-1492
Author(s):  
Chuan Qiong Sun ◽  
Guo Xing Sun ◽  
Ai Hua Ren ◽  
Yong De Liu
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Working Principle

Based on the research of non-circular gear Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), firstly the working principle of the heart-shaped gear is introduced, and then the kinematic characteristics are analyzed, lastly the feature of the heart-shaped gear CVT is obtained.

Tactile Communication Between Ewe and Lamb and the Onset of Suckling

Behaviour ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 156-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Vince
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Tactile Communication ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Natural Situation

AbstractA series of experiments shows (1) that the effects of tactile stimulation produced by covering the face and eyes of an unsuckled Clun Forest or Soay lamb elicits a vigorous response which includes elements such as tilting up of the muzzle, lengthening of the neck, munching, mouth opening, curling back of the upper lip in the sucking position, tongue protrusion and apparent reaching and grasping movements of the lower jaw, upper and lower lips and the tongue (2) that these movements are directional in that the neck, head, lower jaw, lips and tongue are usually turned towards the stimulus (3) that before the lamb has attained a standing posture this response appears only weakly and may be replaced by a downward head movement; also it is weakened or disappears after the lamb has sucked (4) a similar response can be elicited by a visual stimulus only more slowly and in a less vigorous form. In Soay, but not in Clun Forest, lambs the response to touch was maintained for longer when the eyes were covered, than when the lambs were able to see (5) touch on the belly of the dam, simulating that produced by a lamb pushing its muzzle up against her, causes her to arch her back upwards, while touch nearer to or on the udder, or in the inguinal area, but not on the back of the udder, is associated with lowering of the tail and an outward movement of the hind leg which exposes the teat. The findings are considered in their relation to the natural situation immediately after birth of the lamb when the interchange of different types of tactile and other sensory stimulation gradually brings both partners into a situation in which the lamb can grasp the teat and suck.

Synthesis and Analysis of 4-DOF Parallel Manipulators of Computer Aided Geometry Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 1010-1016
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Zhang ◽  
Xiu Ju Du ◽  
Bai Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Parallel Manipulators ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Type Synthesis ◽  
Moving Platforms ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Computer Aided

A novel computer aided geometry approach for type synthesis and analysis of new spatial 4-DOF parallel manipulators is put forward, and create the computer simulation mechanisms of parallel manipulators using the geometric constraints and dimension driving techniques in CAD software, Based on the computer simulation mechanisms of parallel manipulators, several new spatial 4-DOF parallel manipulators are synthesized, the kinematic characteristics of the moving platforms are analyzed by computer simulation. The results of computer simulation prove that the computer aided geometric approach for solving type synthesis and kinematic analysis is not only fairly quick and straightforward, but also has the advantages of accuracy.

scholarly journals Morphology of the suspensorial, jaw, and opercle musculature of Beloniformes and related species (Teleostei: Acanthopterygii), with a special reference to the m. adductor mandibulae complex

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Werneburg
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Jaw Bones ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Flying Fishes ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
Jaw Musculature

The taxon Beloniformes represents a heterogeneous group of teleost fishes that show an extraordinary diversity of jaw morphology. I present new anatomical descriptions of the jaw musculature in six selected beloniforms and four closely related species. A reduction of the external jaw adductor (A1) and a changed morphology of the intramandibular musculature were found in many Beloniformes. This might be correlated with the progressively reduced mobility of the upper and lower jaw bones. The needlefishes and sauries, which are characterised by extremely elongated and stiffened jaws, show several derived characters, which in combination enable the capture of fish at high velocity. The ricefishes are characterised by several derived and many plesiomorphic characters that make broad scale comparisons difficult. Soft tissue characters are highly diverse among hemiramphids and flying fishes reflecting the uncertainty about their phylogenetic position and interrelationship. The morphological findings presented herein may help to interpret future phylogenetic analyses using cranial musculature in Beloniformes.

Numerical analysis for force distribution along the swing jaw plate of a single toggle jaw crusher

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B.V.L. Deepak ◽  
M.V.A. Raju Bahubalendruni
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Jaw Crusher ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics

Purpose The purpose of this research work is helpful for recognizing the crushing characteristics of a single toggle jaw crusher during its operation. It is useful for designing a new prototype of this kind of machine with optimal dimensions of the jaw crusher frame and the crushing chamber. Design/methodology/approach The efficiency of the jaw crusher primarily depends on the kinematic characteristics of the swing jaw plate during the crushing process. The present research work deals with the kinematic analysis of the swing jaw plate of a single toggle jaw crusher. Findings During the analysis, the system is considered as a four-bar crank rocker mechanism. The force distribution is analyzed based on the results obtained from the motion analysis of the swing jaw plate. Originality/value The movement of the swing jaw plate is explained in detail while the machine is in operation. Kinematic analysis of the liner has been performed by considering some points along the swing jaw plate. The results obtained from the movement analysis of the swing jaw plate force distribution along the liner are analyzed. From this analysis, the chamber geometry can be optimized according to the requirement for the crushing motion of different zones in the crushing chamber.

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