Modelling of Hemodynamic Processes in Cardiovascular System on the Base of Peripheral Arterial Pulsation

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Н.В. Свиридова ◽  
N.V. Sviridova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Arterial Pulsation ◽  
Hemodynamic Processes ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Identification of Compensatory Arterial Dynamics in Swine Using a Non-Invasive Sensor for Local Vascular Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Sardar Ansari ◽  
Kevin R. Ward ◽  
Kayvan Najarian ◽  
Kenn R. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Pressure Changes

Autoregulatory dynamics of the cardiovascular system play an important role in maintaining oxygenated blood transportation throughout the human body. In this work, a feedback dynamics model of the cardiovascular system with respect to heartrate and peripheral vascular resistance effects on longer-term blood pressure changes in the systemic circulation is presented. The model is identified from data taken from a swine test subject, instrumented in part with a wearable, non-invasive sensor for estimating peripheral arterial radius. Comparative simulations for the open and close loop model highlight significantly changed hemodynamics after hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Heart and aortic baroreceptors in providing the hemodynamic processes in cardiovascular system

Cardiometry ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Mikhail Y. Rudenko ◽  
◽  
Vladimir A. Zernov ◽  
Konstantin Mamberger ◽  
Sergey M. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Hemodynamic Processes ◽  
Aortic Baroreceptors

scholarly journals Cystic Adventitial Disease of Popliteal Artery with Venous Aneurysm of Popliteal Vein: Two-Year Follow-Up after Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Koki Takizawa ◽  
Hiroshi Osawa ◽  
Atsuo Kojima ◽  
Samuel J. K. Abraham ◽  
Shigeru Hosaka
Keyword(s):  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Popliteal Vein ◽  
Venous Aneurysm ◽  
Arterial Lumen ◽  
Adventitial Layer ◽  
Arterial Pulsation ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
The Right

We report a rare case of cystic adventitial disease of popliteal artery with venous aneurysm of popliteal vein. A 46-year-old woman had sudden-onset intermittent claudication and coldness in her right leg. The right-sided ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) was 1.01, but peripheral arterial pulsation was decreased at knee venting position. Computed tomography revealed simple cystic lesion of the popliteal artery and stenosis of the arterial lumen in this lesion. The patient was treated by complete resection of the cystic adventitial layer of popliteal artery. A venous aneurysm of popliteal vein was revealed by intraoperative echo and was simply ligated. The patient had uneventful postoperative course and no symptoms of relevance during the two years of follow-up.

Impedanzsphygmografie zur Messung des hydrostatischen Zehenblutdruckes: eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung einer kritischen Extremitätenischämie

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyenal-Ögmen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Arterial Pulsation ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Toe Blood Pressure

Background: Hydrostatic measurement of systolic toe blood pressure (HSTBP) is reliable in feet with calcified arteries, when sphygmomanometry fails. When leg is lifted above heart level, weaning of the big toe’s arterial pulsations indicates HSTBP. Patients and methods: Electrical bio-impedance was assessed to monitor the weaning of arterial pulsations (Medis GmbH, Ilmenau,Germany). In a pilot study in 30 healthy volunteers, a 12 cm cuff was placed above the ankle and inflatet to 200 mmHg; ultrasound (8 MHz) and impedance sphygmography (ISG) were used simultaneously to detect arterial pulsations in the big toe, in the sitting and supine position after deflating the cuff. In a clinical study, HSTBP was assessed by big toe ISG in 50 legs (43 of diabetic patients) with suspected peripheral arterial occlusive disease, subjected to arteriography before vascular surgery. Results: In the pilot study, ultrasound and ISG signals were detected at nearly identical systolic pressure levels (difference 2.4 [SEM 0.6] mmHg, r = 0.99, p < 0.001). In the clinical study, HSTBP ≤ 50 mmHg was associated with multiple occlusions (2 legs with ≤ 1, 9 legs with 2, and 13 legs with > 2 arteries occluded); by contrast, HSTBP > 50 mmHg indicated single occlusions (16 legs with ≤ 1, 8 legs with 2, and 2 legs with > 2 occluded arteries; chi2 contingency p < 0.02). Conclusions: assessment of big toe arterial pulsation by ISG was reliable. HSTBP ≤ 50 mmHg indicates severe peripheral arterial disease occusive (≥ 2 arteries occluded).

scholarly journals The cardiovascular system, as understood in antiquity

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Louise Cilliers ◽  
François Retief
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arterial Pulsation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Cardiovascular concepts in antiquity were primitive up to the early 5th century BC, when Greek philosopher-physicians like Empedocles and Diogenes divorced human physiology from its previous magico-religious base in order to find answers in the natural sciences. The heart was not initially seen as central to the cardiovascular system – blood (containing life-giving pneuma) moved through the body in blood vessels (phlebes) by way of a spontaneous “ebb and flow” motion. Their perceived anatomical vascular models were quite fanciful, but nevertheless accepted by the Hippocratic doctors, who, except for a single work, The heart (containing a useful description of the heart), added little of significance to the subject. Based on animal dissections, post-Hippocratic authors like Diocles and Praxagoras first distinguished between arteries and veins, confirmed that the heart had two main chambers (ventricles) and extended the theory that “innate heat” in the left ventricle produced pneuma which filled the arteries; only veins contained blood, produced in the right ventricle. Basing their theories on human dissections the Alexandrians, Herophilus and Erasistratus (3rd century BC) produced the first accurate descriptions of the heart and major components of the vascular system. Erasistratus even postulated minute (normally non-functional) peripheral arterio-venous anastomoses. The heart’s pump function was only partially understood – diastole was seen as the active phase of the cardiac cycle (sucking blood into the heart), and the pulse as inherent contraction of the arterial wall. After Herophilus and Erasistratus human dissection ceased, putting an end to further significant developments in unravelling the cardiovascular system. In the 2nd century AD, Celsus consolidated known knowledge, even adding minor contributions (e.g. a description of the coronary vessels) based on his own animal dissections. He mainly confirmed the Alexandrians’ findings and contemporary views on cardiac function, including inherent arterial pulsation, “ebb and flow” blood movement in veins, and the existence of pneuma. He claimed that arteries contained blood, not  pneuma. These views, as well an erroneous personal contribution (that there were minute pores in the heart’s interventricular septum), remained medical dogma throughout the Middle Ages up to the Renaissance.

scholarly journals Coexistence of Common Pathologies of the Cardiovascular System in a Patient with Pain in the Right Lower Limb

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Paweł Gać ◽  
Martyna Hajac ◽  
Piotr Macek ◽  
Rafał Poręba
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Medical Interview ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Deep Vein

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection, as well as peripheral arterial atherosclerosis, are frequently diagnosed vascular disorders. In this paper, the authors present the case of coexistence of common pathologies of the cardiovascular system in a patient with pain in the right lower limb. The presented images provide a didactically valuable overview of serious cardiovascular pathologies. This article highlights the value of computed tomography angiography in diagnosis of cardiovascular life-threatening conditions, especially as a result of proper medical interview and physical examination.

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. GOLDEN ◽  
ROBERT H. HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial
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