scholarly journals Effects of endophyte fungal species and host plant genotype on the leaf shape and leaf area of endophyte-grass symbionts

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
Tian-Zi QIN ◽  
An-Zhi REN ◽  
Xiao-Wen FAN ◽  
Yu-Bao GAO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Genotype

The relative influences of host plant genotype and yearly abiotic variability in determining herbivore abundance

Oecologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Evans ◽  
James S. Clark ◽  
Amy V. Whipple ◽  
Thomas G. Whitham
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Genotype

THE EFFECTS OF HOST-PLANT GENOTYPE ON HERBIVORE POPULATION DYNAMICS

Ecology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Underwood ◽  
Mark D. Rausher
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Genotype

scholarly journals A General Leaf Area Geometric Formula Exists for Plants—Evidence from the Simplified Gielis Equation

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijian Shi ◽  
David Ratkowsky ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Shuyan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Object Shapes ◽  
Arbitrary Polygon

Plant leaves exhibit diverse shapes that enable them to utilize a light resource maximally. If there were a general parametric model that could be used to calculate leaf area for different leaf shapes, it would help to elucidate the adaptive evolutional link among plants with the same or similar leaf shapes. We propose a simplified version of the original Gielis equation (SGE), which was developed to describe a variety of object shapes ranging from a droplet to an arbitrary polygon. We used this equation to fit the leaf profiles of 53 species (among which, 48 bamboo plants, 5 woody plants, and 10 geographical populations of a woody plant), totaling 3310 leaves. A third parameter (namely, the floating ratio c in leaf length) was introduced to account for the case when the theoretical leaf length deviates from the observed leaf length. For most datasets, the estimates of c were greater than zero but less than 10%, indicating that the leaf length predicted by the SGE was usually smaller than the actual length. However, the predicted leaf areas approximated their actual values after considering the floating ratios in leaf length. For most datasets, the mean percent errors of leaf areas were lower than 6%, except for a pooled dataset with 42 bamboo species. For the elliptical, lanceolate, linear, obovate, and ovate shapes, although the SGE did not fit the leaf edge perfectly, after adjusting the parameter c, there were small deviations of the predicted leaf areas from the actual values. This illustrates that leaves with different shapes might have similar functional features for photosynthesis, since the leaf areas can be described by the same equation. The anisotropy expressed as a difference in leaf shape for some plants might be an adaptive response to enable them to adapt to different habitats.

Evaluation of vegetative growth traits and their relation to time to first flowering of olive seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Pritsa ◽  
D. G. Voyiatzis ◽  
C. J. Voyiatzi ◽  
M. S. Sotiriou
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shape Characteristics

The aim of this work was to assess growth traits during the initial developmental stages of olive seedlings, which could be correlated to time to first flowering, facilitating fast selection in olive breeding programs. The experimental material consisted of 232 olive seedlings derived from controlled crosses of 'Kalamon' with self (KA × KA), with 'Amphissis' (KA × AM), and with 'Koroneiki' (KA × KO) and from open pollination of 'Kalamon', 'Amphissis', 'Koroneiki', 'Chalkidikis', and 'Manzanillo'. Vegetative traits of the seedlings, including canopy height and diameter, length of lateral vegetation, number of leaves, mean and total leaf area per plant, leaf shape characteristics, and specific leaf area (SLA), were recorded until 15 months after sowing. The first seedlings to initiate flowers, 4 years after sowing, were also recorded. The existence of correlations between the above growth traits and time to first flowering was investigated. In single-branched seedlings 6 months after sowing, height measured at this stage was significantly correlated with the mean and total leaf area per plant, specific leaf area, and other vegetative traits measured 15 months after sowing. Seedlings with high values of these parameters were the first to initiate flowers 33 months later. Our results indicated that pre-selection of olive seedlings for earliness of first flowering is possible, based on vegetative characteristics assessed very early in their development.

scholarly journals Bleaching of leaf litter and associated microfungi in subboreal and subalpine forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hagiwara ◽  
Shunsuke Matsuoka ◽  
Satoru Hobara ◽  
Akira S. Mori ◽  
Dai Hirose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Bleached Area

Fungal decomposition of lignin leads to the whitening, or bleaching, of leaf litter, especially in temperate and tropical forests, but less is known about such bleaching in forests of cooler regions, such as boreal and subalpine forests. The purposes of the present study were to examine the extent of bleached area on the surface of leaf litter and its variation with environmental conditions in subboreal and subalpine forests in Japan and to examine the microfungi associated with the bleaching of leaf litter by isolating fungi from the bleached portions of the litter. Bleached area accounted for 21.7%–32.7% and 2.0%–10.0% of total leaf area of Quercus crispula and Betula ermanii, respectively, in subboreal forests, and for 6.3% and 18.6% of total leaf area of B. ermanii and Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis, respectively, in a subalpine forest. In subboreal forests, elevation, C/N ratio and pH of the FH layer, and slope aspect were selected as predictor variables for the bleached leaf area. Leaf mass per area and lignin content were consistently lower in the bleached area than in the nonbleached area of the same leaves, indicating that the selective decomposition of acid unhydrolyzable residue (recalcitrant compounds such as lignin, tannins, and cutins) enhanced the mass loss of leaf tissues in the bleached portions. Isolates of a total of 11 fungal species (6 species of Ascomycota and 5 of Basidiomycota) exhibited leaf-litter-bleaching activity under pure culture conditions. Two fungal species (Coccomyces sp. and Mycena sp.) occurred in both subboreal and subalpine forests, which were separated from each other by approximately 1100 km.

Host-plant genotype mediates supply and demand of animal food in an omnivorous insect

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHAN A. STENBERG ◽  
ANNA LEHRMAN ◽  
CHRISTER BJÖRKMAN
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Animal Food
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