scholarly journals Growth responses of broad-leaf and Korean pine mixed forests at different successional stages to climate change in the Shengshan Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIANG Peng-Hong ◽  
◽  
WANG Xiang-Ping ◽  
WU Yu-Lian ◽  
XU Kai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Successional Stages

Problems of placing boundaries on ecological continua - options for a workable national rainforest definition in Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. J. Lynch ◽  
V. J. Neldner
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Floristic Characteristics

Options for a new definition of, and key for, rainforest in Australia are provided. The definitions take a national perspective, and are based on the ecological characteristics of rainforest species and some structural and floristic characteristics. Rainforest plant species are defined as those adapted to regenerating under low-light conditions experienced under the closed canopy or in localised gaps caused by recurring disturbances which are part of the natural rainforest ecosystem, and are not dependent on fire for successful regeneration. Three definitions are provided which differ in the extent of inclusion of transitional and seral communities. The first definition recognises communities such as mixed forests as transitional to rainforests and therefore as separate communities. The second definition includes a minimal component of emergent non-rainforest species in rainforest in the recognition that the main floristic component and functioning of the communities cannot be distinguished. The third definition includes the late successional stages of transitional and seral communities in rainforest on the presumption that such communities include non-rainforest species which are close to senescence, and that these communities are essential for the long-term conservation of rainforest in areas where rainforest is vulnerable and subject to major disturbance, particularly by fire. The first definition is concluded to be the least ambiguous and arbitrary, and enables a consistent approach to rainforest management. Recognition of mixed forests as a distinctive and mappable vegetation type should be incorporated in a comprehensive conservation strategy inclusive of all ecosystem developmental stages.

scholarly journals Diversity and species turnover on an altitudinal gradient in Western Cape, South Africa: baseline data for monitoring range shifts in response to climate change

Bothalia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Agenbag ◽  
K. J. Elser ◽  
G. F. Midgley ◽  
C. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Succulent Karoo ◽  
Species Ranges

A temperature and moisture gradient on the equator-facing slope of Jonaskop on the Riviersonderend Mountain. Westem Cape has been selected as an important gradient for monitoring the effects of climate change on fynbos and the Fynbos- Succulent Karoo ecotone. This study provides a description of plant diversity patterns, growth form composition and species turnover across the gradient and the results of four years of climate monitoring at selected points along the altitudinal gradient.The aim o f this study is to provide data for a focused monitoring strategy for the early detection of climate change-related shifts in species’ ranges, as well as gaining a better understanding of the role of climate variability in shaping species growth responses, their distributions, and other ecosystem processes.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Maize Water Requirement in the Heilongjiang Province of China during 1960–2015

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Chong Du ◽  
Tangzhe Nie ◽  
Zhongyi Sun ◽  
Shijiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water Requirement ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Crop Water

Climate change will have a significant effect on crop water requirement (ETc). The spatial and temporal variations of water requirement of maize under climate change are essential elements when conducting a global water security assessment. In this paper, annual reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and the crop water requirement of maize were calculated by the single crop coefficient method. The crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI) and coupling degree of ETc and effective precipitation (Pe) were calculated to analyze the relationship between ETc, ET0, and Pe. The result shows that maize average annual ET0, ETc, and precipitation were 552.97, 383.05, and 264.97 mm, respectively. Moreover, ET0, ETc, and Pe decreased by 3.28, 2.56, and 6.25 mm every decade from 1960 to 2015. The ETc decreased less than Pe did, which led to the decreasing of both CWSDI and the coupling degree of ETc and Pe. The tendency of ET0, ETc decreased first and then increased, while Pe and CWSDI increased first and then decreased, from west to east of the Heilongjiang Province. In addition, the highest ET0, ETc, and lowest CWSDI and Pe were found in the western part of Heilongjiang Province. This study indicated that even though the water deficit in the western region was alleviated and the water deficit in the eastern region grew gradually serious from 1960 to 2015, the drought situation in western Heilongjiang Province should still be taken seriously.

scholarly journals Can Carbon Sequestration in Tasmanian “Wet” Eucalypt Forests Be Used to Mitigate Climate Change? Forest Succession, the Buffering Effects of Soils, and Landscape Processes Must Be Taken into Account

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Peter D. McIntosh ◽  
James L. Hardcastle ◽  
Tobias Klöffel ◽  
Martin Moroni ◽  
Talitha C. Santini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Eucalypt Forests

Small areas of the wetter parts of southeast Australia including Tasmania support high-biomass “wet” eucalypt forests, including “mixed” forests consisting of mature eucalypts up to 100 m high with a rainforest understorey. In Tasmania, mixed forests transition to lower biomass rainforests over time. In the scientific and public debate on ways to mitigate climate change, these forests have received attention for their ability to store large amounts of carbon (C), but the contribution of soil C stocks to the total C in these two ecosystems has not been systematically researched, and consequently, the potential of wet eucalypt forests to serve as long-term C sinks is uncertain. This study compared soil C stocks to 1 m depth at paired sites under rainforest and mixed forests and found that there was no detectable difference of mean total soil C between the two forest types, and on average, both contained about 200 Mg·ha−1 of C. Some C in subsoil under rainforests is 3000 years old and retains a chemical signature of pyrogenic C, detectable in NMR spectra, indicating that soil C stocks are buffered against the effects of forest succession. The mean loss of C in biomass as mixed forests transition to rainforests is estimated to be about 260 Mg·ha−1 over a c. 400-year period, so the mature mixed forest ecosystem emits about 0.65 Mg·ha−1·yr−1 of C during its transition to rainforest. For this reason and because of the risk of forest fires, setting aside large areas of wet eucalypt forests as reserves in order to increase landscape C storage is not a sound strategy for long-term climate change mitigation. Maintaining a mosaic of managed native forests, including regenerating eucalypts, mixed forests, rainforests, and reserves, is likely to be the best strategy for maintaining landscape C stocks.

scholarly journals Comparison of vulnerability to catastrophic wind between Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests in northern Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Morimoto ◽  
Kosuke Nakagawa ◽  
Kohei T Takano ◽  
Masahiro Aiba ◽  
Michio Oguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Coniferous Plantation ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract The risk of extreme events due to weather and climate change, such as winds of unprecedented magnitude, is predicted to increase throughout this century. Artificial ecosystems, such as coniferous plantation forests, can suffer irreversible deterioration due to even a slight change in environmental conditions. However, few studies have examined the effects of converting natural forests to plantations on their vulnerability to catastrophic winds. By modelling the 2004 windthrow event of Typhoon Songda in northern Japan using the random forest machine learning method, we answered two questions: do Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests differ in their vulnerability to strong winds and how do winds, topography and forest structure affect their vulnerability. Our results show that Abies plantation forests are more vulnerable to catastrophic wind than natural mixed forests under most conditions. However, the windthrow process was common to both types of forests, and the behaviour of wind inside the forests may determine the windthrow probability. Future management options for adapting to climate change were proposed based on these findings, including modifications of plantation forest structure to reduce windthrow risk and reconversion of plantations to natural forests.

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