scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WATER TREATMENTS ON STARCH ACCUMULATION AND RELATED ENZYME ACTIVITY IN GRAIN OF MAIZE DURING GRAIN-FILLING PERIOD

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-643
Author(s):  
ZHANG Zhi-Meng ◽  
◽  
DAI Liang-Xiang ◽  
HU Chang-Hao ◽  
DONG Shu-Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Water Treatments

Reduced Starch Content and Sucrose Synthase Activity in Developing Endosperm of Barley Plants Grown at Elevated Temperatures

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC MacLeod ◽  
CM Duffus
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Irreversible Reduction ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cleavage Enzyme ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Sucrose Cleavage

Starch accumulation is reduced when endosperms develop at elevated temperatures. Reduced starch deposition does not appear to be due to limiting assimilate levels during the grain filling period; on the contrary, endosperm sucrose may even be increased at the elevated temperature. Results indicate that elevated temperatures significantly reduce the activity of the sucrose cleavage enzyme UDPsucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), found in the endosperm during grain development, and that these effects may be initiated by a relatively short period of thermal stress applied close to anthesis. It would appear that, when developing barley ears are exposed to elevated temperatures, there is an irreversible reduction in the capacity of the endosperm to convert sucrose to starch, caused by a decrease in the activity of at least one of the enzymes involved in this conversion pathway.

scholarly journals Activities of sucrose to starch metabolizing enzymes during grain filling in late sown wheat under water stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Mahla ◽  
Shashi Madan ◽  
Vikender Kaur ◽  
Renu Munjal ◽  
Rishi Kumar Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Tolerance to water deficit in relation to activities of sucrose-to- starch metabolizing enzymes and starch accumulation was studied in the grains of contrasting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (WH1021 and WH1080; tolerant) and (WH711 and HD2687; susceptible) under late planting conditions. The activities of starch metabolizing enzymes i.e. sucrose synthase (SuSase), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and starch branching enzymes (SBE) were substantially enhanced by water deficit in all genotypes at early to mid-grain filling stage showing peaks at 14 to 21 days after anthesis (DAA); while decreased significantly at mid-late grain filling stage with maximum decline at 35 DAA. Activities of all the enzymes under study showed maximum decline in activity (28.4–60%) in susceptible genotype WH711; whereas WH1021 proved to be most tolerant one with minimum decline in enzyme activity (14.9–32.8%). Starch content was also markedly reduced (21%) in WH711 due to drought while WH1021 reported 12% decline corresponding well with enzyme activity. A faster pre-mature cessation of starch deposition occurred in susceptible wheat genotypes compared to tolerant ones. A significant and positive correlation of the enzyme activities with starch accumulation (r = 0.491–0.555 at P0.05 for SuSase, AGPase, SSS and r = 0.638 at P0.01 for SBE) under well watered conditions indicated that enhancing the activities of the enzymes would lead to increase in starch accumulation and thus faster grain filling. Genotype WH1021 proved to be most efficient based on comparatively higher enzyme activity and least yield penalty under late planting conditions combined with water scarcity.

Rapid endosperm development promotes early maturity in weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea)

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Can Zhao ◽  
Wenrong Xu ◽  
Lingchao Meng ◽  
Sheng Qiang ◽  
Weimin Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Grain Filling Period

AbstractEarly maturity allows weedy rice (Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea) to persist by escaping harvest in paddy fields. A shorter grain-filling period contributes to the early maturity of weedy rice. However, the differences in morphology and endosperm development in the caryopsis between weedy and cultivated rice are largely unexplored. Here, we selected four biotypes of weedy rice and associated cultivated rice (ACR; Oryza sativa) from different latitudes to conduct a common garden experiment. The endosperm development process of the caryopsis was observed by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. Endosperm cell division and starch accumulation rate during grain filling were also measured. The grain development progress in weedy rice was more rapid and earlier than that in ACR. The endosperm development progress of weedy rice was 6 to 8 d earlier than that of ACR. The endosperm cells of weedy rice cellularized earlier and more rapidly than those of ACR, and the starch grains of weedy rice were more sharply polygonal and compactly arranged than those of ACR. The active endosperm cell division period in weedy rice was 4 to 7 d shorter than that in ACR, while the active starch accumulation period of weedy rice was 2 to 8 d shorter than that of ACR. The rapid development of endosperm cells and starch grains leads to the shorter grain-filling period of weedy rice. weedy rice.

Effects of grain position on the panicle on starch biosynthetic enzyme activity in developing grains of rice cultivar Tainung 67 and its NaN3-induced mutant

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. JENG ◽  
C. S. WANG ◽  
C. L. CHEN ◽  
J. M. SUNG
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Starch Conversion ◽  
Developing Grains ◽  
Induced Mutant

The content of starch and the activities of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis were examined in developing grains of field grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Enzyme activities were monitored throughout the grain filling period of cultivar Tainung 67 and its NaN3-induced mutant SA419. The activities of most of the grain enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis increased and reached their maxima during the initial period of grain development, then gradually declined towards the later stages of grain filling. Both Tainung 67 and SA419 showed different starch and amylose accumulation patterns in different grain positions. In cultivar Tainung 67, reduced activities of grain enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, particularly during the early phase of grain filling, were related to the decreased starch accumulation for the grains located on proximal secondary branches as compared with the grains located on distal primary branches. The decreased amylose contents in the grains of Tainung 67 located on proximal secondary branches were attributable to their lower granule bound starch synthase and starch debranching enzyme activities at early and mid phases of grain filling. In mutant SA419, no significant changes were observed in the activities of grain enzymes involved in sucrose to starch conversion between the grains located on distal primary and proximal secondary branches of the panicle. As a result, grain setting position was found to have little effect on the contents of starch and amylose for these developing grains located on different branches. Thus, the mutant SA419 did have some agronomic and physiological traits that were superior to its wild type cultivar Tainung 67.

Influence of Canopy Temperature (CT) During Grain-Filling Period on Yield and Effects of Several CT-Associated SSR Loci

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Ling ZHANG ◽  
Hong-Na ZHANG ◽  
Chen-Yang HAO ◽  
Lan-Fen WANG ◽  
Tian LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Effect of PASP-KT-NAA on Leaf Senescence and Grain Filling Rate during the Grain-Filling Period in Different Temperature Zones

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1698-1709
Author(s):  
Tian-Jun XU ◽  
Zhi-Qiang DONG ◽  
Jiao GAO ◽  
Chuan-Xiao CHEN ◽  
Liu JIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Period

CHANGES IN SUGAR LEVEL AND RELATED ENZYME ACTIVITY OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL ASPARAGUS

2002 ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
M. Akiyama ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
K. Oosawa ◽  
I. Maezaki ◽  
N. Shiomi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Related Enzyme
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