scholarly journals EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON WEED SEED GERMINATION IN PADDY SOIL SEED BANK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.U.S Bandara ◽  
◽  
T.K Ilangakoon ◽  
H.M.M.K.K.H Dissanayaka ◽  
Y.M.S.H.I.U De Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Seed

Effects of heat and smoke on germination of soil-stored seed in a south-eastern Australian sand heathland

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Wills ◽  
Jennifer Read
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
And Control

Various fire-related agents, including heat, smoke, ash and charred wood, have been shown to break dormancy and promote germination of soil-stored seed in a broad range of species in mediterranean-type systems. However, relatively little work has been conducted in south-eastern Australian heathlands. This study examined the effects of heat and smoked water on germination of the soil seed bank in a mature sand heathland within the Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park, in south-eastern Australia. Heat was clearly the most successful treatment for promoting seed germination, followed by smoked water, then controls, with 55% of species present in the germinable soil seed bank requiring a heat or smoke stimulus to promote seed germination. Mean species richness of the germinable soil seed bank was found to be significantly higher in heat-treated soil than in smoke and control treatments. Seedling density of heat-treated soil was almost 10 times that of controls, while smoke-treated soil was almost five times that of controls. Seedling emergence was fastest in heat-treated soil, followed by smoke and control soils. Of the species found in the soil seed bank, 25% were absent from the extant vegetation, suggesting the existence of post-fire colonisers in the soil seed bank. The results have implications for the design of soil seed bank experiments and the use of fire as a tool in vegetation management.

scholarly journals Relation between Soil Weed Seedbank and Weed Management Practises and Diversity in Farms in Kisii Central Sub County, Nyanza

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Charles N. Nyamwamu ◽  
Rebecca Karanja ◽  
Peter Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Hand Weeding

This study sought to determine the relation between soil weed seed bank and weed management practices and diversity in farms in Kisii Central Sub County, Western Kenya. Eight administrative sub-locations were randomly selected. Ten farms were selected at equal distance along transect laid across each sub-location. Weed soil seed bank was assessed from soil samples collected from each of the farms; a sub-sample was taken from a composite sample of ten soil cores of 5cm diameter and 15cm deep and placed in germination trays in a greenhouse. Weed diversity in soil weed seedbank was calculated using the Shannon index (H’). Twelve weed species from 12 genera of nine families were recorded. Diversity of the weed species in soil weed seed bank was (H'=1.48). Weed management practises significantly affected weed species soil weed seedbank reserves. Use of inefficient and ineffective hand-weeding techniques resulted in high weed species diversity and abundance.

Influence of long-term different fertilization on soil weed seed bank diversity of a paddy soil under rice/rape rotation

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Feng ◽  
Genxing Pan ◽  
Sheng Qiang ◽  
Ruhai Li ◽  
Jiguang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Weed Seed

scholarly journals Regulation of seed germination by diurnally alternating temperatures in disturbance-adapted banana crop wild relatives (Musa acuminata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
Simon Kallow ◽  
Rachael Davies ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Steven B. Janssens ◽  
Filip Vandelook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Temperature Cycles ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Banana Crop

AbstractSeed conservation of banana crop wild relatives (Musa L. spp.) is limited because of lack of knowledge about their germination ecology. Musa acuminata Colla, the most important banana crop wild relative, is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asian and Pacific rainforests and colonizes disturbed sites. The role of temperature in stimulating/inhibiting germination to detect disturbance when canopy gaps are formed is not well known. We assessed seed germination thermal requirements of three subspecies of M. acuminata using nine seed accessions which had been stored in the Millennium Seed Bank. Diurnally alternating temperature cycles were almost completely essential for germination compared with constant temperatures. Germination was optimal when the upper temperature of a diurnal cycle was at 35°C; the lower temperature of the cycle was less important. Subspecies occurrence coordinates were used to extract climate temperature data which were then compared against the temperature requirements for germination from our experiment results. Maximum temperatures of the warmest month across subspecies ranges were close to but below optimal germination temperatures, as were diurnal ranges, suggesting soil-warming at the micro-climate level following gap creation is important for M. acuminata seed germination. Additionally, pre-treatment for 3 months at 60% relative humidity at constant 25°C improved germination from 14 ± 10 (mean, standard deviation) to 41 ± 29% suggesting a period in the soil seed bank under the canopy may increase sensitivity to alternating temperature cycles. Overall viability was low (49 ± 28%), and considerable variance was caused by the different accessions. Germination remained somewhat inconsistent.

scholarly journals Seed Longevity of Spotted Spurge and Wild Poinsettia Under Diverse Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ASGARPOUR ◽  
R. GHORBANI ◽  
M. KHAJEH-HOSSEINI ◽  
F. GOLZARDI ◽  
M.N. ILKAEE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Soil Effects

ABSTRACT: Seed longevity under different environmental conditions is considered as one of the most important factors in the spread and persistence of an exotic species. The Experiments were conducted to determine seed persistence in soil, effects of submergence in water, flooding of the soil, and high temperatures on germination and viability of spotted spurge (Chamaesyce maculata) and wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) as two exotic species in different regions of Golestan province. Spotted spurge seeds buried at depth of 10 cm maintained their viability above 95% after a year, while wild poinsettia seeds were destroyed completely after exhuming the soil. Seeds of both species were unable to germinate under submergence, but 92% of the spotted spurge seeds remained viable under this condition for 14 d. No germination was observed after 9 weeks submersion. Submersion duration drastically affected seed germination of wild poinsettia, so that no germination occurred after 6 d submersion. Twelve days after flooding, spotted spurge emergence decreased by 57% compared to the control. Ten percentage of wild poinsettia seedlings emerged when flooding was kept up to 12 d after sowing, while control had 96% emergence. Germination of spotted spurge seeds subjected to 140 oC for 5 min was 5%. Viability of wild poinsettia seed was completely lost at 120 and 140 C for 5 min. These results suggest that spotted spurge is capable of forming persistent seedbank. Seeds of spotted spurge were partially tolerant to submersion in water, but wild poinsettia seed are susceptible to submergence. The burning of crop residue could also prevent augmenting the soil seed bank of both species.

Weed Seed Population Response to Tillage and Herbicide Use in Three Irrigated Cropping Sequences

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Ball ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Herbicide Use

Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing), secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed species changes in the soil seed bank in three irrigated row cropping sequences over a 3-yr period. The cropping sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr (CN), continuous pinto beans for 3 yr (PB), and sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn in the third year (SB). A comparison between moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing. The density of certain annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seed bank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing. Species exhibiting the most pronounced increase included hairy nightshade and stinkgrass in the PB cropping sequence and redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters in the SB sequence. Conversely, kochia seed density in the SB sequence decreased more rapidly in chisel-plowed plots. Row cultivation generally reduced seed bank densities of most species compared to uncultivated plots. Herbicide use in each cropping sequence produced a shift in the weed seed bank in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicides. In particular, seed of hairy nightshade became prevalent in the PB cropping sequence, and seed of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters became prevalent in the SB sequence.

scholarly journals Soil seed bank and seed germination of sand dunes vegetation in North Sinai – Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Refaat Mohamed Gad ◽  
Saadia Shehata Kelan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
North Sinai
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