scholarly journals Assessment of the Dysautonomia Presence in Parkinson disease through Cardiovascular Signal Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
S. Alvarado-Jalomo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sympathetic Modulation ◽  
Controlled Breathing

The goal of this work is to assess and to compare the autonomic nervous system (SNA) response in Parkinson’s disease (EP) patients and healthy subjects in order to evaluate the possible dysautonomia presence. Electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography signals were acquired during the following maneuvers: rest, orthostatic change (Post-CP), controlled breathing (RC) and hyperventilation (Hip.). The signal processing was carried out by means of linear and no linear indices of heart rate variability (VFC), indices of pulse transit time (PTT) and baroreflex sensitivity (– index). Parkinson disease patients showed an attenuated sympathetic modulation mainly during Post-CP and the cardiovagal response resulted blunted during RC. Approximate entropy was significantly decreased in healthy subjects with respect to EP subjects during RC. In addition, the index – resulted in lower values in EP patients with respect to healthy subjects during the complete protocol, this result suggests that the baroreflex control in EP patients is blunted. However, is necessary to increase the number of subjects with the objective of determining levels of dysautonomia. The protocol designed to evaluate the dysautonomia presence in mexicans with EP through non invasive signals provides information about the SNA behavior.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Dysautonomia Presence in Parkinson disease through Cardiovascular Signal Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
S. Alvarado-Jalomo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sympathetic Modulation ◽  
Controlled Breathing

The goal of this work is to assess and to compare the autonomic nervous system (SNA) response in Parkinson’s disease (EP) patients and healthy subjects in order to evaluate the possible dysautonomia presence. Electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography signals were acquired during the following maneuvers: rest, orthostatic change (Post-CP), controlled breathing (RC) and hyperventilation (Hip.). The signal processing was carried out by means of linear and no linear indices of heart rate variability (VFC), indices of pulse transit time (PTT) and baroreflex sensitivity (– index). Parkinson disease patients showed an attenuated sympathetic modulation mainly during Post-CP and the cardiovagal response resulted blunted during RC. Approximate entropy was significantly decreased in healthy subjects with respect to EP subjects during RC. In addition, the index – resulted in lower values in EP patients with respect to healthy subjects during the complete protocol, this result suggests that the baroreflex control in EP patients is blunted. However, is necessary to increase the number of subjects with the objective of determining levels of dysautonomia. The protocol designed to evaluate the dysautonomia presence in mexicans with EP through non invasive signals provides information about the SNA behavior.

scholarly journals Differential effects of the blood pressure state on pulse rate variability and heart rate variability in critically ill patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Mejía-Mejía ◽  
James M. May ◽  
Mohamed Elgendi ◽  
Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) utilizes the electrocardiogram (ECG) and has been widely studied as a non-invasive indicator of cardiac autonomic activity. Pulse rate variability (PRV) utilizes photoplethysmography (PPG) and recently has been used as a surrogate for HRV. Several studies have found that PRV is not entirely valid as an estimation of HRV and that several physiological factors, including the pulse transit time (PTT) and blood pressure (BP) changes, may affect PRV differently than HRV. This study aimed to assess the relationship between PRV and HRV under different BP states: hypotension, normotension, and hypertension. Using the MIMIC III database, 5 min segments of PPG and ECG signals were used to extract PRV and HRV, respectively. Several time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear indices were obtained from these signals. Bland–Altman analysis, correlation analysis, and Friedman rank sum tests were used to compare HRV and PRV in each state, and PRV and HRV indices were compared among BP states using Kruskal–Wallis tests. The findings indicated that there were differences between PRV and HRV, especially in short-term and nonlinear indices, and although PRV and HRV were altered in a similar manner when there was a change in BP, PRV seemed to be more sensitive to these changes.

scholarly journals Cerebellar rTMS and PAS effectively induce cerebellar plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martje G. Pauly ◽  
Annika Steinmeier ◽  
Christina Bolte ◽  
Feline Hamami ◽  
Elinor Tzvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cerebellar Plasticity

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been applied over the cerebellum to induce plasticity and gain insights into the interaction of the cerebellum with neo-cortical structures including the motor cortex. We compared the effects of 1 Hz rTMS, cTBS, PAS and tDCS given over the cerebellum on motor cortical excitability and interactions between the cerebellum and dorsal premotor cortex / primary motor cortex in two within subject designs in healthy controls. In experiment 1, rTMS, cTBS, PAS, and tDCS were applied over the cerebellum in 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 2, rTMS and PAS were compared to sham conditions in another group of 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 1, PAS reduced cortical excitability determined by motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes, whereas rTMS increased motor thresholds and facilitated dorsal premotor-motor and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. TDCS and cTBS had no significant effects. In experiment 2, MEP amplitudes increased after rTMS and motor thresholds following PAS. Analysis of all participants who received rTMS and PAS showed that MEP amplitudes were reduced after PAS and increased following rTMS. rTMS also caused facilitation of dorsal premotor-motor cortex and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. In summary, cerebellar 1 Hz rTMS and PAS can effectively induce plasticity in cerebello-(premotor)-motor pathways provided larger samples are studied.

OPTICAL SENSOR SYSTEM FOR THE NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS QUANTIFIED BY FOURTH DERIVATIVE OF PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550021
Author(s):  
S. Mohanalakshmi ◽  
A. Sivasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Contour Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Asymmetrical Shape ◽  
Fourth Derivative

Arterial stiffness, resulting in loss of the elastic properties of arteries walls, is an indicator of cardiovascular risk, though the presence of disease is not clinically evident. Augmentation index is an important biomarker of arterial stiffness by which the cardiac risk of the patient can be diagnosed. The current paper outlines the non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness by analyzing the morphology or contour of PhotoPlethysmoGraph (PPG) signal. PPG pulse was optically acquired with the developed photometric measurement device and the desired features were extracted to determine PPG augmentation Index (PAI) through advanced signal processing implemented in MATLAB. PAI was quantified by the fourth derivative of the signal by enhancing the location of inflection point (augmentation point) after conditioning the signal by efficient pre-processing and filtering techniques. The results reveal that the statistical distribution of PAI for healthy subjects presents a very low value and a very tight distribution. On the contrary, patients have a higher value of PAI and a wide asymmetrical shape of distribution. This work also establishes the usefulness of PPG contour analysis in the investigation of changes in the elastic properties of the vascular system. In conclusion, PAI has revealed to be a non-invasive indicator for arterial stiffness assessments.

scholarly journals Continuous non-invasive blood pressure during continuous repositioning by pulse transit time

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hieyong Jeong ◽  
Kayo Yoshimoto ◽  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Takafumi Ohno ◽  
Kenji Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Invasive Blood Pressure ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy Analysis as a Measure of Complexity among the Aged and Diabetic

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Tsai Wu ◽  
Cyuan-Cin Liu ◽  
Men-Tzung Lo ◽  
Po-Chun Hsu ◽  
An-Bang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Aged Subjects

Complex fluctuations within physiological signals can be used to evaluate the health of the human body. This study recruited four groups of subjects: young healthy subjects (Group 1,n=32), healthy upper middle-aged subjects (Group 2,n=36), subjects with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (Group 3,n=31), and subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (Group 4,n=24). Data acquisition for each participant lasted 30 minutes. We obtained data related to consecutive time series with R-R interval (RRI) and pulse transit time (PTT). Using multiscale cross-approximate entropy (MCE), we quantified the complexity between the two series and thereby differentiated the influence of age and diabetes on the complexity of physiological signals. This study used MCE in the quantification of complexity between RRI and PTT time series. We observed changes in the influences of age and disease on the coupling effects between the heart and blood vessels in the cardiovascular system, which reduced the complexity between RRI and PTT series.

scholarly journals Introduction of a Portable and Non-invasive Technology for Hand and Foot Cooling: A Preclinical Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Davarpanah Jazi ◽  
Johan Ralf ◽  
Mohammad FazelBakhsheshi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is caused by damage to neural structures in distal limbs. CIPN can lead to reduced dose or cessation of chemotherapy. Cooling the hands/feet has shown to be effective in reducing or preventing CIPN. However, when using ice bath or ice gloves/socks is no way to maintain the targeted temperature and prevent ice from melting. Also, patients have difficulty tolerating the freezing temperatures over long periods of chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to test the cooling performance of a recently developed non-invasive system that can ultimately replace current cooling methods.Methods: COOLPREVENT circulates cold water at tolerable temperatures into malleable gloves/socks. As well, COOLPREVENT does not require replacing of melted ice. We administered a cooling protocol via COOLPREVENT on three healthy subjects for 60 minutes. Immediately before and after cooling, skin temperature in the hands and feet were measured. Level of discomfort was also recorded during the cooling process.Results: Results showed that COOLPREVENT reduce skin temperature by 14.5±3.8°C and 10.7±1.7°C in the hands and feet, respectively within 60 minutes without significant discomfort.Conclusion: Although our study is limited by the small number of subjects and participation of healthy individuals, but we can conclude that COOLPREVENT can be a safe and appropriate method for hand and foot cooling. We hope that these preliminary findings can pave the way to designing clinical trials we plan to conduct in the near future.

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