scholarly journals Plant population is the function of grain yield of maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Mian MAK ◽  
Kakon SS ◽  
Zannat ST ◽  
Begum AA
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Hybrid Maize

A field experiment on hybrid maize with different plant population density was conducted at the Agronomy field of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur during the consecutive rabi season of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Five plant population density viz; T1= 66666 plants/ha (75cm × 20cm spacing: 6.67 plants/m2), T2= 83333 plants/ha (60cm × 20cm spacing:8.33 plants/m2), T3=100000 plants/ha (50cm × 20cm spacing:10 plants/m2), T4=125000 plants/ha (40cm × 20cm spacing:12.5 plants/m2) and T5=166666 plants/ha (30cm × 20cm spacing:16.67 plants/m2) were used in the experiment. LAI (leaf area index) and TDM (total dry matter) increased with the increase of plant population, those influenced grain yield of maize. The highest grain yield (10.12-10.78 t/ha) was recorded in T3 (100000 plants/ha) and the lowest (5.02-5.33t/ha) in T5 (166666 plants/ha) treatment. Functional relationship between plant population and grain yield of maize was established as Y = 2.0795x-0.1067x2; (R² = 0.92). The effect of plant population on the grain yield of maize could be explained 92% by the functional model. The co- efficient indicated that increase of one plant/m2 would increase grain yield at the rate of 2.0795 t/ha up to a certain limit. The estimated optimum plant population was 9.74 plants/m2 (974000 plants/ha) through functional model. Then the predicted maximum grain yield would be 10.13 t/ha at that optimum plant population of 9.74 plants/m2 (974000 plants/ha). There existed a good consistency between observed and predicted grain yield of maize (r=0.96 at p<0.01 and R2=0.97; using the developed functional model).

Grain Yield Gains and Associated Traits in Tropical X Temperate Maize Germplasm Under High and Low Plant Density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Ndou ◽  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Pauline Chivenge ◽  
John Derera
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Population Density

Abstract Development of ideal breeding and crop management strategies that can improve maize grain yield under tropical environments is crucial. In the temperate regions, such yield improvements were achieved through use of genotypes that adapt high plant population density stress. However, tropical germplasm has poor tolerance to high plant population density stress, and thus it should be improved by temperate maize. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic gains and identify traits associated with such gains in stable and high yielding temperate x tropical hybrids under low and high plant population densities. A total of 200 hybrids derived from a line x tester mating design of tropical x temperate germplasm were developed. These hybrids were evaluated for grain yield and allied traits under varied plant population densities. High yielding and stable hybrids, such as 15XH214, 15XH215 and 15XH121 were resistant to lodging and had higher number of leaves above the cob. The high genetic gains of 26% and desirable stress tolerance indices of these hybrids made them better performers over check hybrids under high plant population density. At high plant population density yield was correlated to stem lodging and number of leaves above the cob. Future gains in grain yield of these hybrids derived from temperate x tropical maize germplasm can be achieved by exploiting indirect selection for resistance to stem lodging and increased number of leaves above the cob under high plant density conditions.

scholarly journals Functional Relationship Between Grain Yield and Spikes Per Square Meter of Wheat as Influenced by Seed Rate Under Late Sown Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
MAK Mian ◽  
AA Begum ◽  
RR Saha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Good Consistency

An experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur for five consecutive years (2014-2015 to 2018-2019) to establish a functional relationship between grain yield and spikes/m2 of wheat at late sown condition. Variation of spikes/m2 was created by five seed rates (90, 120, 150, 180  and 210 kg/ha). Pooled average value of spikes / m2 was observed the highest (479-506) in 180-210 kg seed /ha. From the structural treatment, the highest grain yield (pooled average of 3876-4153 kg/ha ranged 3295-5028 kg/ha) of wheat was produced in the seed rate of 150-180 kg/ha. The estimated optimum seed rate was found 162.29 kg/ha with the estimated grain yield 3989 kg/ha of wheat at late sown condition through the developed function model of Y=485.91+43.17X-0.133X2 (R2=0.87). Again, the estimate optimum spikes/m2 was noticed 423 when the estimated grain yield of wheat was 4135 kg/ha at late sown condition through the developed functional model of Y=-2837+32.98X-0.039X2 (R2=0.83). The grain yield would be increased about 13% as compared to recommended seed rate (120 kg/ha) of wheat. Spikes / m2 had significant positive correlation with seed rate (r=0.79 at p=0.05) of wheat. Relationship between observed grain yield and predicted grain yield (when relationship between spikes/m2 and grain yield) showed a good consistency (Y=1.0006X, R2=0.94 and r = 0.97 at p<0.01). From the results of the study it is concluded that 162 kg/ha of seed rate and 423 spikes / m2 would be optimum for maximum yield) 4135 kg/ha) of wheat at late sown condition. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 105-113

Canopy apparent photosynthesis, respiration and yield in wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Shuting
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chamber Volume

SUMMARYField experiments explored the relationship between canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) and grain yield and examined the effect of plant population density on CAP. Two cultivars of wheat were grown at five plant population densities in 1986 and 1987 in Taian, China. Measurements of CAP were made at intervals during the growth period by placing a large plastic-covered chamber over a 0·7 m2 segment of the canopy and measuring CO2 depletion with infra-red gas analysers for 1–2 min at c. 25 °C around noon when solar radiation was > 1100 umol/m2/s. Canopy respiration (CR) rates were measured by covering the whole chamber with a black screen in the daytime. Calculations of CAP and CR were made using the chamber volume, air temperature and changes in CO2 concentration over time and expressed on a land area basis.Maximum values of CAP and CR were 4–6 g and 2–3 g CO2/m2/h, respectively, at the anthesis stage, decreasing with age during grain filling. The decrease was more rapid at the high than at the low population density. The difference in CAP between plant densities before booting and after anthesis could be attributed to reductions in leaf area index (LAI) and photosynthetic rate.Grain yield also differed between plant population densities, the range being from 5250 to 7500 kg/ha in both years. Grain yield and 1000-grain weight were positively correlated with CAP during grain filling (r = 0·78 and 0·99, P < 0·01, 8 D.F.). Effects of plant density on CR were highly significant, but CR was not related to yield (r = 0·50).

scholarly journals Production of BRS Itaim cowpea cultivar based on plant population density

2019 ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽  
Dácio Olibone ◽  
Edvan Costa da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Olibone ◽  
Gilberto Keres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Pod Length

Cowpea has great potential for cultivation and rotation in Mato Grosso State and in Brazilian Cerrado due to the large area available in these locations in the off-season. The aim of the current study is to analyze the yield of cowpea  (BRS Itaim cultivar) grown in non-irrigated soil in Sorriso County-MT, based on plant population density. The experiment was carried out in commercial area, on March 8, 2015; it followed a randomized block design, with six population densities and four replicates. Population densities comprising 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, and 280 thousand plants per hectare were used in the experiment. Experimental plots encompassed four 5-meter-long rows with 0.45-meter spacing between them. Final plant stand (plants ha-1), number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, pod length (cm), weight of one hundred grains (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) in the useful plot were evaluated at harvest time. The number of pods per plant has linearly decreased as population density increased. The number of seeds per pod, pod length and weight of one hundred grains did not change due to population density. Population density of 230 thousand plants ha-1 has enabled the highest grain yield under the tested conditions.

Fungicide effects on light leaf spot, canker, crop growth and yield of winter oil-seed rape

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Rawlinson ◽  
G. Muthyalu ◽  
G. R. Cayley
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Population Density

SummaryField experiments with rape ovs Primor, Jet Neuf and Norli during 1979–83 tested the effects of benomyl, prochloraz, imazalil, thiabendazole, metalaxyl or triadimefon sprays applied at different times on disease, crop growth and yield. The principal disease in all experiments was light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae).A single spray in autumn of benomyl or prochloraz at 0·5 kg a.i./ha consistently decreased incidence and severity of light leaf spot and sometimes decreased stem canker (Leptosphaeria macvlans). Under severe disease conditions in cv. Primor an autumn spray of fungicide contributed more to disease control than a spray in spring; a decrease in light leaf spot incidence was detectable up to 8 months after application. The autumn spray maintained plant population density, increased leaf area index, dry matter, crop growth rate, earliness of flowering, and yield by up to 0·69 t/ha; an autumn + spring spray increased yield by up to 0–83 t/ha. Effects on crop growth and yield were due to disease control not direct chemical stimulation of growth. Measurements of crop growth and population per unit area revealed the effects of fungicides more clearly than traditional disease assessments based solely on randomly selected plants.Triadimefon sprayed on rape stubble at high dose rate (1 kg a.i./ha) decreased incidence and severity of light leaf spot throughout the growing season of a subsequent rape crop, with beneficial effects on plant population density, growth, flowering and yield.Electrostatically charged rotary atomizer and conventional hydraulic spray applications of fungicide were equally effective in disease control. A reduction to one quarter in dose rate of prochloraz and 100–fold reduction in amount of water carrier (125 g a.i. in 4·3 1/ha) when applied electrostatically in autumn or autumn + spring had similar effects on disease, crop growth and yield to those obtained with a conventional sprayer delivering 500 g a.i. prochloraz in 410 1/ha.Fungicides, spray timing and methods of application are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of light leaf spot and canker and the economics of disease control.

Frost damage to winter wheat in the UK: the effect of plant population density

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M Whaley ◽  
E.J.M Kirby ◽  
J.H Spink ◽  
M.J Foulkes ◽  
D.L Sparkes
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Effects of population density on cauliflower crop (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Keigo Minami ◽  
Ricardo Victoria Fº
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Quality Weight

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of the following population densities cauliflowers (plants per ha): 20,833 (0.60 m x 0.80 m), 25,641 (0.60 m x 0.65 m), ....37.037 (0.60 m x 0.45 m) , 55.555 (.0.60 m x 0.30 m), and 111,111 (0,60 m x 0,15 m) ; variety Snow ball. It was concluded that the effects of plant population density are greater on curd quality (weight and size) than on production per ha. The best plant population density to produce cauliflowers curd for Brazil market is from 20,000 to 25,000 plants/ha while for mini-curd is above 55,000 plants/ha.

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