scholarly journals Effi cacy of Allopatric Tephrosia Vogelii (Fabales: Fabaceae) against Pre-Emerginal Stages of Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) Duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 007-010
Author(s):  
NM Aritho ◽  
PK Ndungu ◽  
J Inyangala ◽  
M Mwangi ◽  
MM Gicheru
Keyword(s):  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Bahia ◽  
Ana Beatriz F Barletta ◽  
Luciana Conceição Pinto ◽  
Alessandra S Orfanó ◽  
Rafael Nacif-Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Function Number

Abstract We investigated by scanning electron microscopy the morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of females Phlebotomus duboscqi sand fly, an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at Afrotropical region. Thirteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six types of cuticular sensilla. The probable function of these sensillary types is discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution. Five sensillary types were classified as olfactory sensilla, as they have specific morphological characters of sensilla with this function. Number and distribution of sensilla significantly differed between antennal segments. The results of the present work, besides corroborating in the expansion of the morphological and ultrastructural knowledge of P. duboscqi, can foment future electrophysiological studies for the development of volatile semiochemicals, to be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and selective vector control of this sand fly.

scholarly journals A sand fly salivary protein vaccine shows efficacy against vector-transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis in nonhuman primates

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (290) ◽  
pp. 290ra90-290ra90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Oliveira ◽  
Edgar Rowton ◽  
Hamide Aslan ◽  
Regis Gomes ◽  
Philip A. Castrovinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi

Currently, there are no commercially available human vaccines against leishmaniasis. In rodents, cellular immunity to salivary proteins of sand fly vectors is associated to protection against leishmaniasis, making them worthy targets for further exploration as vaccines. We demonstrate that nonhuman primates (NHP) exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi uninfected sand fly bites or immunized with salivary protein PdSP15 are protected against cutaneous leishmaniasis initiated by infected bites. Uninfected sand fly–exposed and 7 of 10 PdSP15-immunized rhesus macaques displayed a significant reduction in disease and parasite burden compared to controls. Protection correlated to the early appearance of Leishmania-specific CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes, suggesting that immunity to saliva or PdSP15 augments the host immune response to the parasites while maintaining minimal pathology. Notably, the 30% unprotected PdSP15-immunized NHP developed neither immunity to PdSP15 nor an accelerated Leishmania-specific immunity. Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals naturally exposed to P. duboscqi bites recognized PdSP15, demonstrating its immunogenicity in humans. PdSP15 sequence and structure show no homology to mammalian proteins, further demonstrating its potential as a component of a vaccine for human leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Sifat Antibakteri dari Daun Tephrosia vogelii Terhadap Vibriosis

al-Kimiya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Eri Bachtiar ◽  
Yana Maolana Syah ◽  
Lia Dewi Juliawaty
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii

Sektor kelautan dan perikanan merupakan salah satu sumber andalan dalam produksi pembangunan perikanan di Indonesia. Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan utama dalam menunjang produksi pendapatan devisa non migas. Untuk mencapai target produksi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, berbagai permasalahan menghambat upaya peningkatan produksi tersebut, antara lain kegagalan produksi akibat penyakit oleh bakteri Vibrio, sehingga penyakit ini dikenal sebagai ‘vibriosis’. Salah satu pencarian senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri adalah dengan cara melakukan penapisan terhadap senyawa-senyawa alam. Salah satu sumber senyawa alam adalah dari tumbuhan Tephrosia vogelii. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengisolasi senyawa dari tumbuhan T. vogelii sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri terhadap dua bakteri Vibrio yaitu Vibrio alginolitycus dan Vibrio harveyi. Bahan ekstrak dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut aseton, sementara uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar secara in vitro. Deguelin dan tefrosin kemudian diisolasi dari ekstrak aseton daun T. vogelii. dengan metode difusi agar senyawa deguelin memberikan nilai inhibisi 6,3 mm terhadap V. harveyi dan 6,2 mm terhadap V alginolitycus. Sedangkan  tefrosin memberikan nilai inhibisi 6,3 mm terhadap V. harveyi dan 6,6 mm terhadap V alginolitycus. Ini adalah evaluasi antibakteri pertama dari deguelin dan tefrosin terhadap dua bakteri yang diuji.

Nectria crotalariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Crown Roots

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria crotalariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia koa, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Crotalaria anagyroides, Liriodendron tulipifera and Tephrosia vogelii. DISEASE: Causes a collar rot of Crotalaria anagyroides and Tephrosia vogelii (29, 537), and a peg, pod and root necrosis of groundnut in Georgia (USA), a disease which has been named Cylindrocladium black rot of groundnuts. The diseased groundnut plants in the field were chlorotic and wilted and exhibited blighting of the leaf tips and margins. Chlorosis and wilting of the lateral foliage were usually less extensive than those of the erect primary branches (46, 1159). Reported as causing a severe root rot on potted Liriodendron tulipifera seedlings (49, 3016). In Hawaii the pathogen has been reported to cause a collar rot of Carica papaya and Acacia koa (Nishijima & Aragaki, 1973). On Carica papaya the diseased seedlings were characterized by stunting, chlorosis or loss of leaves and rotting of the collar region and crown roots. In glasshouse tests 5 cultivars of flue-cured tobacco proved to be highly susceptible to the pathogen while from 4 cultivars of cotton not visibly infected, the pathogen was isolated from roots (Rowe & Beute, 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii, Sri Lanka and USA. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

Thin Layer Densitometric Determination of Rotenone and Deguelin

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Norman E Delfel ◽  
William H Tallent
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Infrared Methods

Abstract Rutenone and deguelin are separated by chromatography on silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel G with chloroform acetone: acetic acid (196:3:1) solvent system. Glass plates, 20 × 20 cm, are coated with a special spreader producing a 0.25 mm layer and a 1.00 mm band at the upper end. Since additional solvent is required to saturate the thicker band, such plates give resolutions comparable to plates twice as long. Developed plates are treated with nitric acid vapor, then ammonia vapor, to produce dark spots for the rotenoids. Plates are scanned with a commercial densitometer, and the quantity of rotenoids is calculated from peak area in the resultant curve. Kecoveries of rotenone and deguelin added to extracts of Tephrosia vogelii, Lonchocarpus nicou, and Derris elliptica averaged 104.1 and 99.4%, respectively. The standard deviation of the method applied to plant extracts was 7.9% for rotenone and 8.3% for deguelin. The amounts of rotenone in the L. nicou samples were comparable to those determined by the AOAC crystallization and infrared methods.

scholarly journals Chemical Variation and Implications on Repellency Activity of Tephrosia vogelii (Hook f.) Essential Oils Against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Nasifu Kerebba ◽  
Adebola O. Oyedeji ◽  
Robert Byamukama ◽  
Simon K. Kuria ◽  
Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Alkyl Benzenes ◽  
Eastern Uganda ◽  
Repellency Activity

The aim of this research is to characterize the variation in the chemical composition of Tephrosia vogelii essential oils from different locations and to investigate the repellency of essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais. Chemical variability in the components of T. vogelii essential oils from eastern Uganda was identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Based on the profiles of the compounds of the farnesene family, three chemotypes were found: farnesol (chemotype 1), springene (β-springene and α-springene) and β-farnesene were all distinctive in chemotype 2 and a mixed variety of farnesol and springene. In the three cases, alkyl benzenes (o-xylene, m-xylene and ethylbenzene) were significant components in the oil. The compounds 1,4-dihydroxy-p-menth-2-ene, 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, and 3,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde were other prominent constituents. The yields of the essential oils did not vary significantly, however the chemical composition varied with harvesting time during the rainy and dry seasons. In choice repellency tests, chemotype 1 and chemotype 2 were more active against Sitophilus zeamais than the mixed chemotype. Farnesol was found to be effective only at a higher concentration as a repellent against S. zeamais. We therefore hypothesize that farnesol is a key player in this and we demonstrated the weak repellency of this compound. However, further study that aims to optimize and standardize the varieties and harvesting period is needed for recommendation to smallhold farmers.

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