scholarly journals Rise & Fall of Fetal Heart Rate, the Principle of Fetal Monitoring: Hypoxia Index prevents Cerebral Palsy

2018 ◽  
pp. 036-038
Author(s):  
Maeda K ◽  
Utsu M
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Monitoring

scholarly journals Prevention of Cerebral Palsy and Fetal Demise with Hypoxia Index, FHR Score and Pathologic Sinusoidal FHR in Fetal Monitoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Kazuo Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Infantile Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Fetal Monitor

Although fetal deaths was decreased by intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) monitoring, infantile cerebral palsy was not decreased in Dublin trials of Electric Fetal Monitor (EFM), thus, an analysis to reduce cerebral palsy was studied, where cerebral palsy is prevented by setting the threshold of hypoxia index at 24 or less, in the analysis of FHR deceleration.

Effect of Oligohydramnios on Fetal Heart Rate Patterns during Term Labor Induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (07) ◽  
pp. 715-722
Author(s):  
Janine S. Rhoades ◽  
Molly J. Stout ◽  
George A. Macones ◽  
Alison G. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electronic Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Consecutive Term

Objective To estimate the effect of oligohydramnios on fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns in patients undergoing induction of labor (IOL) at term. Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of consecutive term, singleton deliveries from 2010 to 2015. We included all patients who underwent IOL. Our primary outcomes were electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) characteristics in the 2 hours preceding delivery. Outcomes were compared between those induced with oligohydramnios and those induced without a diagnosis of oligohydramnios. Our secondary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity. Logistic regression was used to control for confounders. Results Of 3,787 patients who underwent IOL, 147 had a diagnosis of oligohydramnios and 3,640 were included in the no oligohydramnios group. There was no significant difference in EFM characteristics between the two groups. There was no difference in composite neonatal morbidity. In patients with oligohydramnios, EFM patterns with baseline tachycardia for 30 minutes or greater were significantly associated with composite neonatal morbidity (31.3 vs. 5.3% adjusted odds ratio 8.63, 95% confidence interval 2.18, 34.1]). Conclusion Term patients undergoing IOL with oligohydramnios had EFM patterns that did not differ from their induced peers.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Fetal Electrocardiography for Intrapartum Cardiotocography

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik Vullings ◽  
Judith O. E. H. van Laar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Scalp Electrode ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrophysiological Measurements ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiography

Fetal monitoring is important to diagnose complications that can occur during pregnancy. If detected timely, these complications might be resolved before they lead to irreversible damage. Current fetal monitoring mainly relies on cardiotocography, the simultaneous registration of fetal heart rate and uterine activity. Unfortunately, the technology to obtain the cardiotocogram has limitations. In current clinical practice the fetal heart rate is obtained via either an invasive scalp electrode, that poses risks and can only be applied during labor and after rupture of the fetal membranes, or via non-invasive Doppler ultrasound technology that is inaccurate and suffers from loss of signal, in particular in women with high body mass, during motion, or in preterm pregnancies. In this study, transabdominal electrophysiological measurements are exploited to provide fetal heart rate non-invasively and in a more reliable manner than Doppler ultrasound. The performance of the fetal heart rate detection is determined by comparing the fetal heart rate to that obtained with an invasive scalp electrode during intrapartum monitoring. The performance is gauged by comparing it to performances mentioned in literature on Doppler ultrasound and on two commercially-available devices that are also based on transabdominal fetal electrocardiography.

The Factor Time in Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring and the Detection of Acidosis Using the WAS Score

2014 ◽  
Vol 218 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
V. Roemer ◽  
R. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Umbilical Blood

Abstract Background: Using the naked eye evaluation of fetal heart rate (fhr) patterns remains difficult and is not complete. Computer-aided analysis of the fhr offers the opportunity to analyze fhr patterns completely and to detect all changes due to hypoxia and acidosis. It was the goal of this study to analyze the factor time in fetal monitoring and to evaluate the association between the fhr and the actual pH values in arterial umbilical blood. Methods: During a period of 11 years the FHR signals (i. e., the R-R interval of the F-ECG) of 646 fetuses were recorded with a CTG and simultaneously by a computer. The computer files were analyzed thereafter, i. e., the results did not influence our clinical management. To enter the study, all fetuses must have been delivered by the vaginal route – in consequence without a significant loss of fhr signals. During forceps and/or vacuum deliveries recordings were continued. If necessary a new electrode was inserted. In this study recordings of fetuses with chorioamnionitis, tracings of malformed neonates and tracings shorter than 30 min were excluded. Thus 484 recordings were left. We used our own computer programs written in MATLAB (USA). 3 parameters were determined electronically: 1) the mean fetal frequency [fhf, (bpm)], 2) the number of turning points (N/min) in the fhr, which we called ‘microfluctuation’ (micro) and 3) the oscillation amplitude, oamp (bpm). Measurements of the acid-base variables from arterial (UA) and venous (UV) blood were performed using RADIOMETER equipment (ABL500) and trained personnel. However, only the actual pHUA values were used in this study. To detect the influence of hypoxia and acidosis, all 484 cases were separated into 7 groups according to the actual pHUA value: 55 fetuses lying in a small non-acidotic “pH-window” (pHUA=7.290–7.310, mean=7.300±0.008) were used as ‘controls’. Results: In humans fhf, micro and the oamp behave differently during the last 30 min of delivery and with different fetal pHUA values: micro is early (at 0 min) decreased with fetal acidemia and is steadily deceasing (68–40 N/min) during vaginal delivery; the oamp – mainly due to decelerations – is increased from 35 up to 70 bpm during the last 30 min. Hypoxia and acidosis increase the amplitude and duration of decelerations; finally fhf shows only an insignificant reaction to acidemia but is decreased (from 135 to 110 bpm) overall with the course of time. Therefore the 3 characteristics of the fhr might be ranged according to their decreasing sensitivity to acidemia as follows: 1) fetal microfluctuation, 2) oscillation amplitude and 3) mean frequency. The 3 components of the fhr were used to invent and apply a score named the WAS score. This score increases the association between the actual pHUA values and the activity of the fetal heart. The 3 variables of the fhr mentioned above were rated differently; the 3 factors necessary to achieve this were computed electronically using an optimization program. The result is the WAS score: WAS=mean [frq*ff(vj) * micro*fm (vj)/oamp*fa(vj)]j=1,30. Using the last 30 min of delivery the correlation coefficient r of this score with pHUA reaches 0.645, P<< 0.001. The regression is linear in our 484 cases. Conclusions: Microfluctuation is the most sensible variable of the fetal heart followed by the oscillation amplitude and mean frequency. The WAS score offers the best correlation with the actual pH values measured in arterial umbilical blood.

Fetal Heart Rate Pattern in Term or Near-Term Cerebral Palsy: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-263
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nakao ◽  
Asumi Okumura ◽  
Junichi Hasegawa ◽  
Satoshi Toyokawa ◽  
Kiyotake Ichizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate Pattern ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Heart Rate Pattern

A Handbook of Pre-natal Paediatrics for Obstetricians and Paediatricians, edited by Gifford F. Batstone, M.B., B.S., Alastair W. Blair, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P.E., D.C.H., and Jack M. Slater, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.O.G. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1971, 225 pp., $10.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-835
Author(s):  
John C. Hobbins
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Pertinent Information

The British authors have chosen to call this a "handbook." It may be a handbook in size but not in content. It contains more pertinent information relating to the expanding field of perinatology than most of the bulkier texts on my shelf. Although detail and filigree have been sacrificed, the book is far from dry. In the early chapters the reader is given a concise account of fetal monitoring by interpretation of continuous fetal heart rate patterns and information obtained from scalp sampling.

scholarly journals Use of Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring in a Preterm Fetus: Clinical Dilemmas and Recommendations for Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Afors ◽  
Edwin Chandraharan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Electronic Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring

The aim of intrapartum continuous electronic fetal monitoring using a cardiotocograph (CTG) is to identify a fetus exposed to intrapartum hypoxic insults so that timely and appropriate action could be instituted to improve perinatal outcome. Features observed on a CTG trace reflect the functioning of somatic and autonomic nervous systems and the fetal response to hypoxic or mechanical insults during labour. Although, National Guidelines on electronic fetal monitoring exist for term fetuses, there is paucity of recommendations based on scientific evidence for monitoring preterm fetuses during labour. Lack of evidence-based recommendations may pose a clinical dilemma as preterm births account for nearly 8% (1 in 13) live births in England and Wales. 93% of these preterm births occur after 28 weeks, 6% between 22–27 weeks, and 1% before 22 weeks. Physiological control of fetal heart rate and the resultant features observed on the CTG trace differs in the preterm fetus as compared to a fetus at term making interpretation difficult. This review describes the features of normal fetal heart rate patterns at different gestations and the physiological responses of a preterm fetus compared to a fetus at term. We have proposed an algorithm “ACUTE” to aid management.

scholarly journals Prevention of Cerebral Palsy with Novel Hypoxia Index Composed of Fetal Heart Rate Deceleration

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Diagnosis ◽  
Parturient Woman ◽  
Late Deceleration ◽  
Rate Deceleration ◽  
Lateral Posture

Fetal brain damage develops after the loss of FHR variability followed by infantile cerebral palsy due to severe hypoxia in frequently repeated fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations (transient bradycardia) or prolonged fetal bradycardia, where novel hypxia index is 25 or more, and it is prevented if the hpoxia index is 24 or less. The hypoxia index (HI) is the sum of FHR deceleration durations (min) divided by the lowest FHR (bpm), and multiplied by 100 (Figure 1). The HI is calculated by visual measurement, while it is also suitably calculated by computerized FHR monitoring. Cerebral palsy is prevented when HI is 24 or less with almost zero error probability in the delivery. The cases whose HI was 25 or more will develop cerebral palsy, thus, it can receive early cerebral palsy trearments in neonatal stage. As late deceleration disappeared when the parturient woman changed her posture to lateral one from supine, a parturient woman is recommended to have lateral posture, when they notice the appearance of FHR deceleration during the delivery to disappear deceleration to prevent the increase of HI value. As the HI is adopted not only late deceleration, but also all decelerations and continuous bradycardia, fetal diagnosis will change to objective numeric FHR analysis from the monitoring with vague subjective FHR pattern classification.

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