scholarly journals Global Journal of Biotechnology and Biomaterial Science

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biomaterial Science

scholarly journals Peculiarities of promiscuous l-threonine transaldolases for enantioselective synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Hai Deng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Stereoselective Synthesis ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Biomaterial Science ◽  
One Step ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Abstract The introduction of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids (βHAAs) into organic molecules has received considerable attention as these molecules have often found widespread applications in bioorganic chemistry, medicinal chemistry and biomaterial science. Despite innovation of asymmetric synthesis of βHAAs, stereoselective synthesis to control the two chiral centres at Cα and Cβ positions is still challenging, with poor atomic economy and multi protection and deprotection steps. These syntheses are often operated under harsh conditions. Therefore, a biotransformation approach using biocatalysts is needed to selectively introduce these two chiral centres into structurally diverse molecules. Yet, there are few ways that enable one-step synthesis of βHAAs. One is to extend the substrate scope of the existing enzyme inventory. Threonine aldolases have been explored to produce βHAAs. However, the enzymes have poor controlled installation at Cβ position, often resulting in a mixture of diastereoisomers which are difficult to be separated. In this respect, l-threonine transaldolases (LTTAs) offer an excellent potential as the enzymes often provide controlled stereochemistry at Cα and Cβ positions. Another is to mine LTTA homologues and engineer the enzymes using directed evolution with the aim of finding engineered biocatalysts to accept broad substrates with enhanced conversion and stereoselectivity. Here, we review the development of LTTAs that incorporate various aldehyde acceptors to generate structurally diverse βHAAs and highlight areas for future developments. Key points • The general mechanism of the transaldolation reaction catalysed by LTTAs • Recent advances in LTTAs from different biosynthetic pathways • Applications of LTTAs as biocatalysts for production of βHAAs

Biocompatibility in regenerative nanomedicine

Nanomedicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 2763-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Zor ◽  
Fatma Nurefsan Selek ◽  
Giuseppe Orlando ◽  
David F Williams
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Word ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Biomaterial Science ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Biocompatibility is a very common word that is used within biomaterial science and used for description of the interactions between the foreign material and the body. However, the meaning of biocompatibility as well as the mechanisms that collectively constitutes is still unclear. With the advance of nanotechnology, new concerns have been observed related to biocompatibility of these biomaterials. Due to their small size and variability of their physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles’ (NP) distribution within the body and interactions with the target cells and tissues are highly variable. Here, we tried to provide an overview about NPs, the concept of biocompatibility and biocompatibility-related issues in nanomedicine and several different NPs.

Investigation of PLA-PEG-45S5 Bioactive Glass Composite Enhancement on Bioactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Nik Syahirah Aliaa Nik Sharifulden ◽  
Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor ◽  
Siti Fatimah Samsurrijal ◽  
Siti Nur Liyana Ramlee ◽  
Nur Syazana Azizan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomaterial Science ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Hdf Cells

Bioactivity is an important aspect in biomaterial science ensuring materials used are safe for clinical application. The study describes fabrication of composites containing polylactic acid (PLA) – polyethylene glycol (PEG) with incorporation of sol-gel derived 45S5 bioactive glass (BG). Thermal analysis via Differential Thermal Analysis shows a favorable point over degree of crystallization that influence cells attachment, although non-significant difference in values indicates BG has homogenously dispersed. This correlates to X-ray diffraction analysis where non-significant difference is seen in intensities of the diffraction peaks, which confirms low impact of BG brittleness properties over the fabricated composite. Composites’ pH and degradation study in Simulated Body Fluid shows a steady increment profile over time and lower degradation rate for the composite after incorporation of BG. In vitro cell proliferation study also showed that HDF cells seeded on composite film of P/BG2.5 exhibit highest cell viability with steady increment of proliferation throughout the observation period.

scholarly journals A Review of Current Regenerative Medicine Strategies that Utilize Nanotechnology to Treat Cartilage Damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 862-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kumar ◽  
M. Griffin ◽  
P.E. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
Cartilage Reconstruction ◽  
Biomaterial Science

Background: Cartilage is an important tissue found in a variety of anatomical locations. Damage to cartilage is particularly detrimental, owing to its intrinsically poor healing capacity. Current reconstructive options for cartilage repair are limited, and alternative approaches are required. Biomaterial science and Tissue engineering are multidisciplinary areas of research that integrate biological and engineering principles for the purpose of restoring premorbid tissue function. Biomaterial science traditionally focuses on the replacement of diseased or damaged tissue with implants. Conversely, tissue engineering utilizes porous biomimetic scaffolds, containing cells and bioactive molecules, to regenerate functional tissue. However, both paradigms feature several disadvantages. Faced with the increasing clinical burden of cartilage defects, attention has shifted towards the incorporation of Nanotechnology into these areas of regenerative medicine. Methods: Searches were conducted on Pubmed using the terms “cartilage”, “reconstruction”, “nanotechnology”, “nanomaterials”, “tissue engineering” and “biomaterials”. Abstracts were examined to identify articles of relevance, and further papers were obtained from the citations within. Results: The content of 96 articles was ultimately reviewed. The literature yielded no studies that have progressed beyond in vitro and in vivo experimentation. Several limitations to the use of nanomaterials to reconstruct damaged cartilage were identified in both the tissue engineering and biomaterial fields. Conclusion: Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties that interact with biological systems in novel ways, potentially opening new avenues for the advancement of constructs used to repair cartilage. However, research into these technologies is in its infancy, and clinical translation remains elusive.

Therapeutic Applications of Nanobiomaterials

2017 ◽  
pp. 390-412
Author(s):  
Anuj Garg
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Biological Barriers ◽  
Biomaterial Science ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery

The most exciting advancement in the fields of biomaterial science is its ability to engineer new materials at the nanoscale level for various biological applications particularly drug and gene delivery for therapeutic applications. The main focus of this chapter is to review the therapeutic applications of different nanobiomaterials. Thus, it is proposed to discuss type of nanobiomaterials, general biological barriers for therapeutics, surface functionalization of nanobiomaterials and their therapeutics application in the present chapter. The therapeutic applications are explained on the basis of type of nanobiomaterials. The biocompatibility and toxicological response towards nanobiomaterials is an important issue that requires investigation for clinical development and their commercialization. The commercial prospects and future challenges in development of nanobiomaterials particularly for drug delivery are also discussed in the present chapter.

Biomaterial science meets computational biology

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar W. Hutmacher ◽  
J. Paige Little ◽  
Graeme J. Pettet ◽  
Daniela Loessner
Keyword(s):  
Computational Biology ◽  
Biomaterial Science

scholarly journals Degradation rates and products of pure magnesium exposed to different aqueous media under physiological conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kieke ◽  
Frank Feyerabend ◽  
Jacques Lemaitre ◽  
Peter Behrens ◽  
Regine Willumeit-Römer
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Pure Magnesium ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Biomaterial Science

AbstractAs magnesium and many of its alloys are a promising class of degradable implant materials, a thorough understanding of their degradation under physiological conditions is a key challenge in the field of biomaterial science. In order to increase the predictive power of in vitro studies, it is necessary to imitate the in vivo conditions, track the decomposition process and identify the products that form during the degradation pathway. In this in vitro study, slices of pure magnesium were exposed to Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and simulated body fluid (SBF), respectively, under cell culture conditions, which included CO

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