scholarly journals PON1 Inter-individual Enzymatic activity variation as a predictor of OPC toxicity in agricultural workers presented to PCCASU, Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 068-073
Author(s):  
Soliman Mohamed Safwat ◽  
El Salam Manal El-Sayed Abd ◽  
Lotfy Sakr Mahmoud ◽  
Fawzi Marwa M ◽  
Khater Aya Shawky
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Activity Variation

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Farmers Associated with Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure in a Rural Village of Northwest México

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracely Serrano-Medina ◽  
Angel Ugalde-Lizárraga ◽  
Michelle Bojorquez-Cuevas ◽  
Jatniel Garnica-Ruiz ◽  
Martín González-Corral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pesticide Management

This study aims to determine the degree of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and neurological symptoms for each of the psychiatric disorders diagnosed in the farm workers of a rural population in the state of Baja California, Mexico. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 140 agricultural workers (exposed participants). The study was run using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Diagnostic Test (MINI), a pre-established questionnaire to diagnose the mental state of each agricultural worker. Analysis of enzymatic activity was carried out using the modified Ellman method. The results showed that, among agricultural workers with slightly inhibited enzymatic activity, 25% met the criteria for the diagnosis of major depression with suicidal attitudes, 23.9% with inhibited enzymatic activity showed generalized anxiety, 23.5% showed combined depression–anxiety, and 22% met the criteria for major depression and no psychiatric diagnosis disorder. These results suggest the need for the development of effective public-health strategies to inform farm workers about integrated pesticide management in order to prevent serious health complications.

scholarly journals Pesticide use and cholinesterase inhibition in small-scale agricultural workers in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Botião Nerilo ◽  
Fernanda Andrade Martins ◽  
Luciana Botião Nerilo ◽  
Valter Eduardo Cocco Salvadego ◽  
Renan Yoshio Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Unexposed Group ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
High Inhibition

A controlled cross-sectional study of family growers of fruit and vegetables was conducted between October 2009 and October 2010 to characterize the use of pesticides, establish the socio-demographic profile, and analyze cholinesterase activity in small-scale agricultural workers in Southern Brazil. Data was collected for 173 workers and 179 controls. A structured questionnaire was applied collecting socio-demographic information and determining knowledge and work practices in relation to pesticide use. The benchmarks for total cholinesterase (ChEs) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were obtained from the average enzymatic activity of the occupationally unexposed group (control). The mean age of the exposed population was 40.0 ± 11.2 years. The symptoms differed significantly (p<0.05) between the exposed and unexposed populations. Forty (23.1%) workers showed symptoms associated with exposure to pesticides. The average value of enzymatic activity in the occupationally unexposed group for ChEs was 6.3 μmol/mL/min among males and 5.6 μmol/mL/min among females while for BuChE was 2.4 μmol/mL/min among males and 2.0 μmol/mL/min among females. Eight (4.6%) workers had high inhibition (>30%) of ChEs activity, whereas no workers showed high inhibition (>50%) of BuChE. Potential factors involved include gender, education, pesticide orientation, exposure, and hygiene measures.

A Method for the Colorimetric Determination of β-Glucuronidase in Urine, Serum, Tissue; Assay of Enzymatic Activity in Health and Disease

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius A. Goldbarg ◽  
Esteban P. Pineda ◽  
Benjamin M. Banks ◽  
Alexander M. Rutenburg
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Urine Serum

Isolation of Antithrombin III from Normal and α1-Antitrypsin-Deficient Human Plasma

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 0475-0485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna D. Borsodi ◽  
Ralph A. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Antithrombin Activity ◽  
Bovine Trypsin ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryThe plasma of individuals, hetero- or homozygous for α1-antitrypsin deficiency, contains greatly decreased amounts of antithrombin activity as assayed against factor Xa. However, heparin stimulation of the residual antithrombin activity is observed, which is comparable to that of normal plasma. Antithrombins isolated from both normal and α1-antitrypsin deficient plasma by a simplified procedure are indistinguishable in both properties and yields. The microheterogeneity observed on isoelectric focusing of both preparations can be eliminated by treatment with neuraminidase. Neither purified human antithrombin nor α1-antitrypsin, when assayed against bovine trypsin, is stimulated by heparin. These results clearly establish the unique natures of antithrombin and α1-antitrypsin and show that about 75% of the antithrombin activity measured in normal plasma is due to α1-antitrypsin. Estimates of anti thrombin III activity in normal plasma by assays dependent on enzymatic activity can probably be obtained only in the presence of heparin.

Mechanism of Inhibitory Action on Platelet Activation of a Phospholipase A2 Isolated from Lachesis muta (Bushmaster) Snake Venom

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L Fuly ◽  
Olga L T Machado ◽  
Elias W Alves ◽  
Célia R Carlinis
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Lachesis Muta

SummaryCrude venom from Lachesis muta exhibited procoagulant, proteolytic and phospholipase A2 activities. A phospholipase A2, denoted LM-PLA2 was purified from L. muta venom to homogeneity, through a combination of chromatographic steps involving gel-filtration on Sephacryl S-200 HR and reverse phase chromatography on a C2/C18 column. LM-PLA2 presented a single polypeptide chain with an isoelectric point at pH 4.7 and apparent molecular weight of 17 kDa. Partial aminoacid sequence indicated a high degree of homology for LM-PLA2 with other PLA2 from different sources.LM-PLA2 displayed a potent enzymatic activity as measured by indirect hemolysis of red blood cells but it was neither lethal when injected i.p. into mice nor did it present anticoagulant activity. Furthermore, LM-PLA2 displayed a moderate inhibitory activity on the aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by low levels of ADP, thrombin and arachidonate. In contrast, platelet aggregation induced by high doses of collagen was strongly inhibited by LM-PLA2 as well as ATP-release. Treatment of the protein with p-bromophenacyl bromide or 2-mercapto-ethanol, as well as thermal inactivation studies, suggested that the platelet inhibitory effect of LM-PLA2 is dependent on its enzymatic activity. Thus, the platelet inhibitory activity of LM-PLA2 was shown to be dependent on the hydrolysis of plasma phospholipids and/or lipoproteins, most probably those rich in phosphatidylcholine. Surprisingly, lyso-phosphatidylcholine released by LM-PLA2 from plasma was shown to preferentially inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, in contrast to other PLA2s, whose plasma hydrolytic products indistinctly affect platelet’s response to several agonists.

Worker Protection Standard: Owner and Immediate Family Exemption

EDIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
Tatiana Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Agricultural Plants

The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a Federal regulation designed to protect agricultural workers (people involved in the production of agricultural plants) and pesticide handlers (people mixing, loading, or applying pesticides or doing other tasks involving direct contact with pesticides).There are certain exemptions in the WPS rule that have been revised pertaining to agricultural establishment owners and their immediate family members. This fact sheet explains these new provisions.

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