scholarly journals How Diversity Matters in the US Science and Engineering Workforce: A Critical Review Considering Integration in Teams, Fields, and Organizational Contexts

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith-Doerr ◽  
Sharla N. Alegria ◽  
Timothy Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Minority Scientists

How the race and gender diversity of team members is related to innovative science and technology outcomes is debated in the scholarly literature. Some studies find diversity is linked to creativity and productivity, other studies find that diversity has no effect or even negative effects on team outcomes. Based on a critical review of the literature, this paper explains the seemingly contradictory findings through careful attention to the organizational contexts of team diversity. We distinguish between representational diversity and full integration of minority scientists. Representational diversity, where organizations have workforces that match the pool of degree recipients in relevant fields, is a necessary but not sufficient condition for diversity to yield benefits. Full integration of minority scientists (i.e., including women and people of color) in an interaction context that allows for more level information exchange, unimpeded by the asymmetrical power relationships that are common across many scientific organizations, is when the full potential for diversity to have innovative outcomes is realized. Under conditions of equitable and integrated work environments, diversity leads to creativity, innovation, productivity, and positive reputational (status) effects. Thus, effective policies for diversity in science and engineering must also address integration in the organizational contexts in which diverse teams are embedded.

scholarly journals Identifying a space for young Black Muslim women in contemporary Britain

Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682110018
Author(s):  
Sheymaa Ali Nurein ◽  
Humera Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Black Community ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Black Muslim ◽  
And Coping

Young Black Muslim Women (BMW) have complex, intersectional identities and exist at the margins of various identity groupings. Given this, members of the community can face societal relegation across, not only race and gender lines, but across religious ones, too. This paper explores the lived experiences of intragroup discrimination, identity and belonging in 11 young Black Muslim Women in the United Kingdom. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants and thematically analysed through the lens of intersectionality. The use of an intersectional framework facilitated an understanding of the manner in which the sample was multiply marginalised. Two key themes emerged from the interviews: firstly, around experiences of intragroup and intersectional discrimination and, secondly, around the challenges of responding to and coping with the negative effects of such discrimination. Participants discussed the cross-cutting nature through which they faced discrimination: from within the Black community; from within the Muslim community; and as a result of their gender. The non-exclusivity of these three identities result in constant encounters of discrimination along different dimensions to their personal identity. They also developed diverse means of coping with this marginalisation including drawing from religious beliefs and mobile identifications, i.e. performing different aspects of their identities in different contexts. The present study contributes to existing knowledge in its focus on an under-researched group and emphasises the negative effects of intragroup discrimination. The paper importantly highlights the diversity within the Black community and considers the (in)visibility of Black Muslim Women within society.

scholarly journals How May Virtual Communication Shape Cooperation in a Work Team?

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Flache
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Work Team ◽  
Online Interaction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interaction Task ◽  
Simulation Results

AbstractThis paper addresses theoretically the question how virtual communication may affect cooperation in work teams. The degree of team virtualization, i.e. the extent to which interaction between team members occurs online, is related to parameters of the exchange. First, it is assumed that in online interaction task uncertainties are higher than in face-to-face contacts. Second, the gratifying value of peer rewards is assumed to be lower in online contacts. Thirdly, it is assumed that teams are different in the extent to which members depend on their peers for positive affections, operationalized by the extent to which team members are interested in social relationships for their own sake, independently from their work interactions. Simulation results suggest both positive and negative effects of team virtualization on work-cooperation.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary Analysis of Social Acceptance Regarding Electric Vehicles with a Focus on Charging Infrastructure and Driving Range in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Amelie Burkert ◽  
Heiko Fechtner ◽  
Benedikt Schmuelling
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Driving Range

A variety of measures are currently being taken on both the national and international levels in order to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. The promotion of electric mobility is one such measure for the transport sector. As a key component in a more environmentally-friendly, resource-saving, and efficient transport sector, electric mobility promises to create better sustainability. Several challenges still need to be met to exploit its full potential. This requires adapting the car technology, the value chain of vehicles, loads on the electricity network, the power generation for the drive, traffic, and charging infrastructure. The challenges to this endeavor are not only technical in nature, but they also include social acceptance, concerns, and economic, as well as ecological, aspects. This paper seeks to discuss and elucidate these problems, giving special focus to the issues of driving range, phenomenon of range anxiety, charging time, and complexity of the charging infrastructure in Germany. Finally, the development of social acceptance in Germany from 2011 to 2020 is investigated.

University students' voices on sexual and gender diversity, their relationship with coeducation and pedagogical innovation: a comparative study at the University of Madeira (Portugal) and the Federal University of Sergipe (Brasil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Paulo Gomes Brazão ◽  
Anselmo Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Alfrancio Ferreira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Pedagogical Innovation ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Political Act ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Agendas ◽  
The University

The concepts of gender and sex have been considered in recent literature as elements of power, under the circumstance of contemporary floating constructions. In the field of Education, a “deconstructed”, non-normative look is needed as a political act on issues of sexual diversity and gender. The curriculum as a culture can and must take a Queer view at school. In this research we intend to make a comparative study on sexual and gender diversity in the academic environment, listening to the voices of students from the University of Madeira and the Federal University of Sergipe. In this way, we emphasize coeducation in the construction of inclusive environments and their contribution in the field of pedagogical innovation. The discussion of these themes in the academy is fundamental for the conceptual renewal and the organizational contexts of the practice of pedagogy. It also contributes to important changes in social agendas.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Team Hometown Diversity and Team Creativity: From the Chinese Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3458
Author(s):  
Jingli Li ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Guanjun Xia ◽  
Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Team Creativity ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since no specialized work has researched the relationship between team members’ hometown diversity (team hometown diversity) and team creativity, we investigated their underlying relationship by conducting a two-wave survey from 304 employees in 54 teams and 54 team leaders from 17 companies. The results proved that team hometown diversity was negatively related to both team information exchange and team creativity, while team information exchange was significantly positively associated with team creativity and the mediation effect of team information exchange between team hometown diversity and team creativity was verified. The moderation role of team identification in the relationship between team hometown diversity and team information exchange as well as the moderation function of team conformity on the relationship between team information exchange and team creativity were both verified. This work made at least four contributions. Firstly, it was among the first to research the impact of team hometown diversity on team creativity, which supplemented the gap and provided a new perspective for exploration of team creativity in future. Secondly, we adopted a two-wave design to check the dynamic impact of earlier team information exchange and team conformity on team creativity afterwards, which can be replicated for future studies. Thirdly, by using supervisor and subordinate ratings together and conducting electronic and paper surveys together, the results were more persuasive. Finally, we included a large dataset from a broad range of companies, which maximized the variables and generated our results. The implications and limitations were also illustrated.

Discussion on Colour Design of Medical Product Based on Visual Negative Afterimage Theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 102-104 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Xing Fu Xiong ◽  
Chen Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Special Function ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Medical Product ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Medical Environment ◽  
Human Orientation ◽  
Organically Combine

This paper mainly analyses and discusses the application and significance of the visual negative afterimage on the colour design of medical product based on the visual negative afterimage theory. The design for the colour of medical product based on the visual negative afterimage theory focuses more human orientation in aspect of the visual effect design. The paper also points out that the trend of future design is to organically combine the art, the therapy features and the humanity.The complementary colour equilibrium of the visual negative afterimage will play a more and more important role in the colour design of the medical product. In the modern medical environment, the colour of the medical product has a decisive effect on the information exchange between people and the space environment. Although the visual negative afterimage is common in our daily life, the colour is not taken into consideration in the colour design of the medical product, which will result in negative effects. The colour is a strong and extremely attractive expression tool. Therefore, when the colour is designed for the medical product, it should be applied reasonably. The application of colour must be based on the special function requirements and the use of different people, so as to show its special function and requirements, which not only avoids the negative influence caused by the visual negative afterimage, but also creates a more humanistic atmosphere for the medical environment.

Understanding Effective E-Collaboration Through Virtual Distance

2008 ◽  
pp. 1426-1433
Author(s):  
Karen Sobel Lojeski ◽  
Richard R. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Work Groups ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Physical Sense ◽  
Emotional Factors

Virtual distance is a multidimensional perceptual construct resulting from key elements that promote a sense of distance in e-collaborative work environments. Why will virtual distance help to uncover some of the potential downside risks of collaboration using virtual and outsourced resources? Research has shown that the perceived distance between two or more individuals has negative effects on communication and persuasion and promotes a tendency to deceive more than those who do not perceive themselves to be as distant (Bradner & Mark, 2002). Virtual team members and work groups are, by definition, distant from one another, not only in the physical sense but in other ways as well. Socio-emotional factors, for example, can play a role in perceived distance and these factors may contribute to decreased success (Barczak & McDonough, 2003).

Analysis of the Degree of Information Exchange Among Team Members in a Ccontrol Cabin

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Liping Pang ◽  
Yitong Ren ◽  
Chenyuan Yang ◽  
Ye Deng ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Team Members

The Moderating Effect of Female Managers on Job Stress and Emotional Labor for Public Employees in Gendered Organizations: Evidence From Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Ah (Claire) Yun ◽  
Yunsoo Lee ◽  
Sharon Mastracci
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Gendered Organizations ◽  
Management Processes

Given its focus on customer satisfaction and quality service, emotional labor (EL) is a prominent topic in public administration. As public employees are engaged more often in EL, it is critical to explore determinants of job stress and management strategies to reduce it. By examining the Korean Working Conditions Survey, this study focused on EL’s effects on employees’ well-being—job stress and job satisfaction—as well as the potential moderating effects of workplace characteristics, such as working with a female manager, work–life balance programs or resources, and participatory management processes. We examined the potential moderating role of female managers engaged in EL in gendered institutions, and found evidence that female managers buffer EL’s negative effects on their employees, even in organizational contexts gendered deeply. This finding implies that EL needs to be considered in the context of organizational culture and environment, particularly when related to gendered, hierarchical, or masculine organizations.

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