Smoothness Prior Approach to Capturing Rapid Changes in Time-varying TFP and Application to the Chinese Economy

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Hideo Noda ◽  
Koki Kyo
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Rapid Changes

The Role of the Higher Education Sector in China's Research and Development System

1989 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 38-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Future Growth

Since 1978 science and technology (S&T) have been officially seen as the motors of future growth and modernization of the Chinese economy. Much effort has been devoted to the formulation and implementation of policy to reform the S&T sector to ensure that it will contribute much more than it has in the past to social and economic development. One objective of the reforms has been to mobilize under-utilized resources to expand research and develop ment (R&D) activities. It is in this context that policy-makers in China started to focus their attention on the higher education sector (HES). The sector's potential role as an important R&D performer has been progressively articulated over time in breadth and depth as policy-makers’ concerns have expanded, to examine the relationship between training S&T personnel and scientific research in the context of the rapid changes wrought by the “new technological revolution” (xin jishu geming).

Self-Exciting Wire Transducer for Time-Varying Strain Measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Cieplok
Keyword(s):  
Time Varying ◽  
Natural Vibrations ◽  
Motion Velocity ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Limiting Cycle ◽  
Impulse System ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Chaotic Nature ◽  
Wire Motion

The solution of a system exciting wire vibrations of a wire sensor allowing one to perform time-varying measurements, including rapid changes and of a chaotic nature, are presented in this paper. The system is based on the typical two-coil solution, in which one of the coils is responsible for exciting the wire vibrations while the other coil is used for recording those vibrations. The task of maintaining and not fading away the natural vibrations of the wire was solved by the excitation of self-exciting vibrations by the impulse system synchronized using the wire motion velocity. The mathematical analysis of the wire motion in the system with the impulse generator, in which the existence of the limiting cycle of the wire natural frequency was proved, is shown in this paper. The computer simulation results, illustrating the metrological possibilities of the solution as well as an example of a physical implementation, are also presented.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals: Might as Well Jump

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Neil A. Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Fat Tails ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Price Series ◽  
New Information ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Rapid Changes

Financial times series, and commodity prices in particular, are known to exhibit fat tails in the distribution of prices. As with many natural resources price series, the arrival of new information can lead to unexpectedly rapid changes—or jump—in prices. This suggests that natural resource commodity prices should follow a more complex process than geometric Brownian motion (GBM), which is linked to the Gaussian distribution. The presence of jumps (discontinuities) in several heavy metal price series is investigated, as well as time-varying volatility. The results demonstrate that allowing for jumps and time-varying volatility provides statistically important improvements in the modelling or prices, relative to GBM. These complex processes contributed to the fatness of the tails in the distribution of heavy metal price returns.

Time-varying volatility in the Chinese economy: A regional perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing He ◽  
Jack W. Hou ◽  
Boqun Wang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Regional Perspective

Central–Local Relations in an Era of Fiscal Decline: The Paradox of Fiscal Decentralization in Post-Mao China

1991 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 691-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine P. W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Proper Balance

Finding the proper balance between central control and local autonomy is a perennial problem in the Chinese economy, and the Chinese fiscal system has undergone numerous changes in central-provincial revenue-sharing arrangements since the 1950s. In the post-Mao period, fiscal decentralization began in 1980 under the slogan of “cooking in separate kitchens” (fenzao chifan), and a series of reforms was implemented to put local governments increasingly on a self-financing basis. However, this attempt to revamp the financial interaction between the central and provincial governments has been made immensely more complicated by rapid changes in the fiscal system and the shifting composition of revenues and expenditures brought by economic reform.

scholarly journals Volatility in Rainfall and Predictability of Droughts in Northwest Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9810
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahsan Uddin ◽  
ASM Maksud Kamal ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Eun-Sung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Jump Model ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Anomaly Analysis ◽  
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity

This study was conducted to evaluate the variability, trends, volatility, and transition patterns of rainfall in drought-prone northwest Bangladesh. Daily rainfall recorded at five stations for the period 1959–2018 were used for this purpose. Non-parametric tests of variability changes, a modified Mann–Kendall trend test, innovative trend analysis (ITA), a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH)–jump model, and a Markov chain (MC) were used to assess the variability changes, trends, volatility, and transitions in rainfall to understand the possibility of the persistence of droughts and their predictability. The results showed an overall decrease of variability in annual and seasonal rainfall, but an increase in mean pre-monsoon rainfall and a decrease in mean monsoon rainfall. This caused a decrease in pre-monsoon droughts, but few changes in monsoon droughts. The ITA and rainfall anomaly analysis revealed high temporal variability and, thus, rapid shifts in rainfall regimes, which were also supported by the volatility dynamics and time-varying jumps from the GARCH–jump model and the rapid changes in drought index from the MC analysis. Therefore, the lack of drought in recent years cannot be considered as an indicator of declining droughts in the region.

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