scholarly journals Post-Industrial Challenges In Modern South Korea: Educational Pressures And Their Impact On Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Evelyn Henao Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Industrial

This paper examines the role of the educational system in modern South Korea and its effects on young students. It takes a threefold approach: Starting off with a historical background about education as the backbone for South Korea’s rapid economic growth during the 70s and 80s, followed by an in-detail approach to the current educational system and its high-pressure context. Afterwards, the effects on youth deriving from this particular background are 24 MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol. 10, No. 18 explored from a social, cultural, and demographic standpoint, closing up with the actions taken by the government to tackle this national issue. Last, but not least, based on the quantitative and qualitative work of previous authors, this paper concludes with an insight of recommendations and the importance of addressing limitations and acknowledging gaps, as a step to effective measures that offer social welfare for future generations.

The Belarusian Model of Economic Transition and Industrialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-382
Author(s):  
Min Young Song ◽  
Jai S. Mah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
The Government

Abstract This article discusses the economic development of Belarus, which took the gradualist approach in transition. Rejecting the Washington Consensus—based reform, Belarus experienced a quick recovery during the 1990s and rapid economic growth during the early to mid-2000s. The government took various policy measures to ensure the structure of a centrally planned economy. These measures included price control, emphasis on the large state-owned enterprises, restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and tariff protection. Facing limits to economic growth since the late 2000s, the government has undertaken liberalization measures including price decontrol, promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises, derestriction of FDI inflows, and trade liberalization. In the meantime, realizing the role of industrialization, it placed an emphasis on development of the manufacturing sector by lowering tariff rates imposed on capital goods. Finally, the article provides policy implications for the other developing and transition economies pursuing economic development in light of the experience of Belarus.

The Golf Boom in South Korea: Serving Hegemonic Interests

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minseok An ◽  
George H. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Farm Land ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Incentives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Industrial Productivity ◽  
The Government

In the past decade, to help maintain political stability and promote economic growth, South Korea has committed substantial resources to commercialized sports, including golf. A major source of support for building golf courses has come from government leaders and economic and social incentives as well. In the past 4 years the government has given permission to build 135 new golf courses. The official government discourse about the new golf courses is that they are being built in the interest of “sport for all.” But the golf courses overwhelmingly require membership, which is extremely expensive. Despite the enormous power and resources of the dominant groups in Korea, there are elements of opposition. The golf boom has been severely criticized because it removes large amounts of land from agricultural and industrial productivity, contaminates farm land, and pollutes water. It also represents the worst aspects of the social imbalance of wealth.

Digital / Humanities: New Media and Old Ways in South Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier> Cha
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Digital Or

This article outlines the background to the divide between ‘the digital’ and ‘the humanities’ in contemporary South Korea. Since the late 1990s, the government of South Korea has made concerted efforts to digitize information, resulting in increased access to an unusually high quantity of heritage sources. However, the massive investments in the building of online resources have not inspired a ‘digital turn’ in the mainstream of South Korea’s departments in the humanities. This indifference to ‘the digital’, or what might be called a ‘digital/humanities divide’ has a history going back to the 1980s, when the Korean government and business leaders prepared for a post-industrial transition without drawing the interest of humanists and without expecting the nation’s remarkable success inict.

scholarly journals Unleashing The Growth Potential Of Indian MSME Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanjeet Singh ◽  
Minakshi Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Growth ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

The MSME sector occupies a position of strategic significance in the Indian economic structure. This sector contributes nearly eight per cent to country’s GDP, employing over 80 million people in nearly 36 million widely-dispersed enterprises across the country; accounting for 45 per cent of manufactured output, 40 per cent of the country’s total export, and producing more than 8000 valueadded products ranging from traditional to high-tech. Furthermore, these enterprises are the nurseries for innovation and entrepreneurship, which will be key to the future growth of India. It is also an acknowledged fact that this sector can help realise the target of the proposed National Manufacturing Policy to enhance the share of manufacturing in GDP to 25 per cent and to create 100 million jobs by the end of 2022, as well as to foster growth and take India from its present two trillion dollar economy to a 20 trillion dollar economy. Despite the sector’s high enthusiasm and inherent capabilities to grow, its growth story still faces a number of challenges. In this light, the present paper examines the role of Indian MSMEs in India’s economic growth and explores various problems faced by the sector. The paper also attempts to discuss various policy measures undertaken by the Government to strengthen Indian MSMEs. Finally, the paper proposes strategies aimed at strengthening the sector to enable it to unleash its growth potential and help make India a 20 trillion dollar economy.

scholarly journals Equitable Growth and Poverty Alleviation: Lessons Learned from Korean Experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Chanyong Park ◽  
Khalid Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Government

This case study analyzed how Korea achieved rapid economic growth with i.t1ere-JSing equity and poverty aJlcviarion. Korean GDP per capita increased 110 times and absolute poverty rate dccn.:ased from 48.3 percent to 9.8 percent l:x:tween 196 l and 2001. Ir is true to say in rhe Korean case that the most efiecrive measure in reduction of the absolute pwerty level has been to make the economic pie biggcr. It is called growth-firsr~istrihution-larcr principle and brought abJut economic success hy overcoming a sc:vere shortage of natural endowments. TI1e Korean government prioritized certain development-led industries in order to accelerate economic μ;ro\\•th. It was called '"imbalanced development strate,gy" and assessed as being more effective than "balanced development strategy" within the limited budget for ernnomic development. Although income inequality became aggravated Jue to the grmvrh-first polity and imbalanced strate,gy, the sizl' of the economic pie increased drastically. The income levels of middle and low income households increased to such an extent that much income inequality could l:x: rolernted. le can be said that in Korea. rapid economic growth raised welfare levels during rhe period between the l 960s and the 1990s even as income inequality worsened. Korea ran into serious economic difficulties in late 1997. The poverty rates rose sharply from 7.67 rercem in 19'-)7 to 14.28 pen:ent in ·19'-)8. TI1e Korean govemrnenr w1dertook various anti-poverty programs designed to ease the impan of ma-.s lay-offS by implementing a new public assistance program and expanded the coverage of sx·ial insuranu.c:. In addition, hwnan resource development programs \Vere intrOOuced thar enhanced the access of the vulnerable class to the labor market by laying stress on labor welfare, raking mea,ures to protect irregtUar employees, and extending the application of the minimum wage system to all industries. Thanks to these efforts of the government, the p.>verty rates have decreased since 1999. 1bis study has led us to six tentative but useful lessons learned from the Korean success to lx applied to ocher developing countries: establishment of a clear objective of development and. the cornmirmenr of authorities; r,crn.ptive sdt·ction of rtprcscntative kx:omotive engines for rapid economic gro¥.-th and properly designed management; lx.'St investment in human rt'Source development; fair land reform and rural development; job creation and expansion of employment; and building-up of country's capacity to implement plans and projects expeditiously within budgeted costs.

scholarly journals RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF KOTA IN HANDLING OF PROVINCIAL ROAD LAYING PROGRESSIVE LEGAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Edy Praptono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
City Government ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
Role Of The Government

The success of development in a country, strongly influenced by the role of transportation. Development of transportation is very important to support and drive the dynamics of development, because its function as a catalyst in supporting economic growth and regional development. The current condition of Indonesia's transport infrastructure has greatly declined. Damage occurs, especially in provincial roads, so it is necessary to develop transportation infrastructure by the district/city government.

scholarly journals Potensi Pemanfaatan Kearifan Lokal untuk Menahan Konversi Lahan Sawah ke Nonsawah

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Kartika Sari Septanti ◽  
NFN Saptana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resource Management System ◽  
The Government

<p>Lowland conversion to non-agriculture use improves along with economic growth. Various attempts have been exerted by the government to reduce lowland conversion. Local wisdoms throughout the regions in the country are potential to control lowland conversion. This paper aims to explore the role of local wisdoms in Indonesia and other countries in controlling lowland conversion. Some local wisdoms in Indonesia potentials for lowland conversion control are : tunggu tubang, mundang biniak, oloran sawah, Suku Samin, Buyut Cili, tradisi Ngarot, Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi, Suku Baduy, Subak, Suku Dayak, and pangale hutan. Some measures to take for empowering those local wisdoms, are: (i) incorporating local wisdoms into school education curriculum; (ii) developing a community-based natural resource management system, namely increasing participation of local people in land resource management.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Konversi lahan sawah ke nonsawah marak terjadi seiring pesatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk menekan laju konversi lahan sawah ke nonsawah, namun belum menunjukkan hasil yang optimal. Indonesia memiliki kekayaan kearifan lokal yang tersebar di seluruh nusantara yang berpotensi menghambat tingginya laju konversi lahan sawah ke nonsawah. Tulisan ini membahas kearifan lokal di Indonesia serta di beberapa negara yang telah dan akan dikembangkan untuk mempertahankan lahan sawah. Beberapa contoh kearifan lokal di Indonesia antara lain: tunggu tubang, mundang biniak, oloran sawah, Suku Samin, Buyut Cili, tradisi Ngarot, Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi, Suku Baduy, Subak, Suku Dayak, dan pangale hutan. Tantangan kearifan lokal pada masa depan semakin berat karena adanya pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk, pertumbuhan ekonomi, serta perubahan sosial masyarakat yang mendesak lunturnya nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Beberapa strategi untuk mempertahankan kearifan lokal dapat dilakukan dengan cara: (1) memasukkan ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan;  (2) mengembangkan sistem pengelolaan sumber daya alam berbasis komunitas, yaitu peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan sumber daya lahan.</p>

Public Subsidies for Private and Public Education: The Dutch Case

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle James
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
The Government

The possibility of “privatizing” education and other quasi-public services has been widely discussed in the United States today, and in other chapters of this volume. Policies such as a voucher or tax credit system, which would give public subsidies to private schools, are examples of privatization proposals. Many people feel that such policies would bring variety, choice, consumer responsiveness, and greater efficiency to our schools. Others fear that they would increase social segmentation, damage the public schools, and enable wealthy people to receive a better education for their children privately, but (partially) at the public expense. To expore these issues, this chapter examines the experience of the Netherlands, a country which, in effect, has had a voucher system in education for many years. In Holland, education and most health and social services are financed by the government but delivered by private nonprofit organizations, often religious in nature. As shall become evident below, the Dutch educational system avoids many of the possible pitfalls of privatization. This is due partially to particular mechanisms the Dutch have adopted to avoid these problems, which could conceivably be replicated here, and partially to broader structural features of the Dutch educational system and its role within society, which could not readily be replicated. The chapter proceeds as follows: The first section summarizes the historical background of the public-private division of responsibility for education in the Netherlands. The policy of privatization is seen as a response to diverse tastes about education, stemming from basic cultural (religious) differences, in a political setting where no one group was in a position to impose its preferred product variety on the others. This is consistent with a hypothesis I am testing in a multicountry study: that degree of reliance on private provision of quasi-public goods is positively related to cultural (particularly religious and linguistic) heterogeneity in democratic societies. It also is relevant to the discussions, found in several previous chapters, of why families choose private schooling.

Role of Planning in Modernization Development: Evidence of the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Alla Rassadina
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Active application of modern digital technologies is impossible without creating high technological basis for Russia’s economy, capable of effective implementation of such technologies. These processes assume the implementation of radical structural and technological modernization conversions applying different planning methods within the framework of state industrial policy. The most expressed forms of planning have been used by developed and «catching-up» economies primarily during radical modernization reforms. In this context, appealing to overseas planning experience seems to be of great interest. On the basis of foreign experts’ estimates, the author analyses the main directions in planning during the period of accelerated industrial-technological transformation in South Korea in the context of its possible use in Russia’s technological modernization. The experience of planning in South Korea is of special interest because it demonstrates the transformation in planning functions and methods according to the changes in socio-economic situation in the country and modernization goals set by the Government at different stages of development.

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