scholarly journals Regulation of metabolic pathways PVY-RNA biosynthesis in tobacco: glycolytic pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Šindelář ◽  
M. Šindelářová
Keyword(s):  
Acute Infection ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Glycolytic Pathway ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Healthy Control

Tobacco plants infected with potato virus <I>Y</I> were studied at the stage of acute infection. Key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, their regulation and the content of involved intermediates were monitored. The activities of the key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway (6-phosphofructokinase, fructosebisphosphatase and pyruvate kinase), determined in both crude homogenates and after partial purification, did not differ from the activities found in healthy control tissues. In virus-infected tissues the content of ATP was higher than in the healthy control. The levels of ADP and AMP decreased soon after inoculation, but increased at the end of the experimental period. The content of inorganic phosphate was not influenced by infection. No difference in adenylate energy charge was observed between healthy and virus-infected tissues. This implies that the rates of the glycolytic pathway <I>in vivo </I>are not altered during the acute stage of infection.

Control of AMP deaminase 1 binding to myosin heavy chain

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. C870-C881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Hisatome ◽  
Takayuki Morisaki ◽  
Hiroshi Kamma ◽  
Takako Sugama ◽  
Hiroko Morisaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Amp Deaminase ◽  
Amino Terminal

AMP deaminase (AMPD) plays a central role in preserving the adenylate energy charge in myocytes following exercise and in producing intermediates for the citric acid cycle in muscle. Prior studies have demonstrated that AMPD1 binds to myosin heavy chain (MHC) in vitro; binding to the myofibril varies with the state of muscle contraction in vivo, and binding of AMPD1 to MHC is required for activation of this enzyme in myocytes. The present study has identified three domains in AMPD1 that influence binding of this enzyme to MHC using a cotransfection model that permits assessment of mutations introduced into the AMPD1 peptide. One domain that encompasses residues 178–333 of this 727-amino acid peptide is essential for binding of AMPD1 to MHC. This region of AMPD1 shares sequence similarity with several regions of titin, another MHC binding protein. Two additional domains regulate binding of this peptide to MHC in response to intracellular and extracellular signals. A nucleotide binding site, which is located at residues 660–674, controls binding of AMPD1 to MHC in response to changes in intracellular ATP concentration. Deletion analyses demonstrate that the amino-terminal 65 residues of AMPD1 play a critical role in modulating the sensitivity to ATP-induced inhibition of MHC binding. Alternative splicing of the AMPD1 gene product, which alters the sequence of residues 8–12, produces two AMPD1 isoforms that exhibit different MHC binding properties in the presence of ATP. These findings are discussed in the context of the various roles proposed for AMPD in energy production in the myocyte.

Changes in the adenylate energy charge ofNematospiroides dubiusandTrichostrongylus colubriformisparalysed by levamisolein vivo

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Nucleotide Content ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Low Levels

SUMMARYThe adenine nucleotide content and adenylate energy charge ofNematospiroides dubiusfrom laboratory mice and ofTrichostrongylus colubriformisfrom lambs has been measured. Administration of the anthelmintic, levamisole, to infected hosts resulted in only a slight fall in the adenylate energy charge ofN. dubiusover a 3-h period but there was a greater fall in the adenylate energy charge ofT. colubriformisduring this period. In neither case did the energy charge fall quickly, nor did it fall to the low levels which would be expected if the levamisole were inhibiting synthesis of ATP. The changes in energy charge of the nematodes which occurred following administration of levamisole to their hosts was of the order which can be satisfactorily explained by changes in the environment of the nematodes, such as reduced oxygen tension. It is concluded that the maintenance of levamisole-induced paralysis of these two species of trichostrongylein vivodoes not rely on the inhibition of fumarate reductase.

The effect of anaerobiosis on adenosine nucleotide levels inNematospiroides dubiusandTrichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sharpe ◽  
D. L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Adenylate Pool ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Adenosine Nucleotide ◽  
Sufficient Oxygen

SUMMARYThe adenosine nucleotide and adenylate energy charge values ofNematospiroides dubiusandTrichostrongylus colubriformismaintainedin vitrounder aerated and under near-anoxic conditions have been measured. Maintenance of the nematodes in both conditions had an adverse effect on their energy metabolism, but in comparing these effects it was found that the changes were more significant in those nematodes maintained in near-anoxic conditions and that the changes were more apparent in male nematodes. The smaller changes in the energy charge values of female worms, particularlyN. dubiuswhere there was no difference between worms in aerated conditions and those in near-anoxic conditions, were explained by the presence of eggs in the nematodes. At no time did the energy charge of nematodes in near-anoxic conditions fall below 0·50 but, whereas nematodes in aerated conditions were able to continue moving throughout the experiment, those in near-anoxic conditions stopped moving during the first 3 h. It is suggested that in the absence of sufficient oxygen the nematodes were able to maintain their energy charge above 0·50 by removal of AMP from the adenylate pool, resulting in the depletion of their total adenylate. The changes in the energy charge and behaviour of the nematodes are related to the survival of the nematodes in the oxygen-deficient environment which they inhabitin vivo.

scholarly journals Impact of Two CommercialIn VivoTransport Methods on Physiological Condition of the Japanese Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Iván Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
Enrique Márquez-Ríos ◽  
José Luis Cárdenas-López ◽  
Nathaly Montoya-Camacho ◽  
Francisco Javier Castillo-Yáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Japanese Oyster

The effect of two commercialin vivotransport methods (cardboard boxes and ixtle sacks) on the physiological condition of Japanese oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was evaluated. Total carbohydrates, glycogen, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and related products, adenylate energy charge (AEC), and pH of transported oysters in simulated conditions were determined. The results showed that the ATP initial concentration was low from the beginning of the experiment, and AEC decreased in both transport methods. With respect to the total carbohydrates and glycogen, the samples maintained in cardboard box and ixtle sack decreased during transport, respectively. Similarly, significant changes in pH were observed for both methods. Our results showed that physiologically the bestin vivotransporting method for Japanese oyster is in cardboard boxes.

Phosphorus Metabolism Monitored by 31P NMR in Juvenile Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Overwintering in Pearl Nets at a Nova Scotian Aquaculture Site

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 2105-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Jackson ◽  
A. S. W. deFreitas ◽  
L. Hooper ◽  
A. Mallet ◽  
J. A. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolites ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Nova Scotian

31P Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to examine in vivo phosphorus metabolism in juvenile sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) from an aquaculture site in Nova Scotia. NMR-visible arginine phosphate (Arg P) concentrations declined from summer to winter whereas inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels increased and those of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) remained relatively constant. Our results indicate that, in the scallop that uses the phosphagen Arg P to replenish ATP, the ratio of Arg P to Pi is a better indicator of energetic status than is the ratio of adenylate concentrations known as adenylate energy charge. Scallops collected in fall and winter, when exposed to hypoxic conditions, showed pronounced decreases in Arg P associated with increases in Pi and decreases in ATP levels whereas these remained relatively unchanged in scallops collected in summer. Scallops maintained under simulated winter conditions showed lower levels of Arg P associated with poor nutrition, and a response to hypoxia similar to field scallops. The marked seasonality in concentrations of phosphorus metabolites emphasizes their potential importance as useful biomarkers in environmental stress assessment and the optimization of hatchery and grow-out conditions.

scholarly journals Lactic Acidosis and Recovery of Mitochondrial Function following Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hillered ◽  
Maj-Lis Smith ◽  
Bo K. Siesjö
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Forebrain Ischemia ◽  
Early Recovery

The effect of different degrees of lactic acidosis on the recovery of brain mitochondrial function, measured as respiratory activity in isolated mitochondria or cortical concentrations of labile phosphates and carbohydrate substrates, was studied during 30 min of recirculation following 15 min of near-complete forebrain ischemia in rats. During ischemia, there was a marked decrease in mitochondrial State 3 respiration in vitro and a depletion of energy stores (i.e., phosphocreatine, ATP, glucose, and glycogen) in vivo that was similar in the high- and low-lactate ischemia groups. However, lactate concentrations differed markedly (20 and 10 μmol g−1, respectively). During recirculation, there was a near-complete recovery of both respiratory activity in vitro and adenylate energy charge (EC) in vivo regardless of the differences in lactic acidosis during ischemia. Respiratory activity and EC were well correlated. The changes in Ca2+ homeostasis during ischemia, an increase in tissue and a decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ content, were reversed rapidly after ischemia in both high- and low-lactate ischemia animals and did not hinder an early recovery of mitochondrial function. It is concluded that lactic acidosis, with lactate levels reaching 20 μmol g−1 during 15-min ischemia, does not adversely affect early postischemic recovery of mitochondrial function.

scholarly journals Dehulled Adlay Consumption Modulates Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Overweight and Obese Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Wan-Ju Yeh ◽  
Jung Ko ◽  
Wei-Yi Cheng ◽  
Hsin-Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Foods

High blood pressure is a crucial risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, and a diet rich in whole-grain foods may modulate blood pressure. This study investigated the effects of dehulled adlay consumption on blood pressure in vivo. We initially fed spontaneous hypertensive rats diets without (SHR group) or with 12 or 24% dehulled adlay (SHR + LA and SHR + HA groups), and discovered that it could limit blood pressure increases over a 12-week experimental period. Although we found no significant changes in plasma, heart, and kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, both adlay-consuming groups had lower endothelin-1 and creatinine concentrations than the SHR group; the SHR + HA group also had lower aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid levels than the SHR group did. We later recruited 23 participants with overweight and obesity, and they consumed 60 g of dehulled adlay daily for a six-week experimental period. At the end of the study, we observed a significant decrease in the group’s systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the change in SBP was even more evident in participants with high baseline SBP. In conclusion, our results suggested that daily intake of dehulled adlay had beneficial effects in blood-pressure management. Future studies may further clarify the possible underlying mechanisms for the consuming of dehulled adlay as a beneficial dietary approach for people at risk of hypertension.

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