scholarly journals Content of microorganisms in cereal straw

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Souček Jiří

Straw is an important agricultural raw material with application in agriculture, energy sector and other fields of activity. A major impact on reduction of the straw quality is that of an excessive content of microbiological agents caused by improper storage. By simulation of different conditions of storage the development of microorganisms (moulds and yeasts) was determined in the straw of wheat under different water content. Total content of microorganisms varied in a wide range from 10<sup>3 </sup>up to 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g. The excessive amount of these microorganisms results not only in a reduction in the quality of raw material due to the development of biodegradable processes, but also causes an increase of hygienic risks in the nearby area.

Author(s):  
В. В. Поздняков ◽  
Ю. В. Харченко ◽  
Л. Я. Харченко ◽  
О. В. Анцыферова

Гибриды сахарной и сверхсахарной кукурузы являются хорошим сырьем для производства функциональных пищевых продуктов, в том числе диетического и детского питания. Важными показателями высокого качества этих продуктов являются повышенное содержание белка и ценного масла, незначительное количество плохо усвояемого кукурузного крахмала и высокое содержание антиоксидантов, а также отменные вкусовые качества. В работе представлены данные по оценке антиоксидантной активности большой группы новых перспективных гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы среднеспелой группы, созданных с целью получения ценных источников сырья для консервной промышленности. Значения показателя общей антиоксидантной активности варьировали в широком интервале значений (от 31,8 % до 60,4 %, 568,4–1008 мкг/г семян), что указывает на перспективность использования этого важного биохимического параметра в селекции сверхсахарной кукурузы на качество. Hybrids of excess sugar maize are good raw material for the production of functional food products, including baby food and diet. Important indicators of high quality of these products are high protein content and a valuable oil, a small amount of poorly digestible maize starch and a high content of antioxidants, and also excellent taste qualities. The paper presents data on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a large group of promising new hybrids of excess sugar maize of mid-group created in order to obtain valuable raw materials for the canning industry. Index value of total antioxidant activity varied over a wide range (from 31,8 % to 60,4 %, 568,4–1,008 mg/g of seed), which indicates on promising use of this important parameter in the breeding of biochemical excess sugar maize on quality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Eka Saputra

This study aim was to determine the effect of washing and raw materials on frozen storage on the quality of surimi and kamaboko from raw material of tilapia (Oreochromis sp). There were three types of raw materials used, namely minced fish, surimi, and surimi with addition of sorbitol, with three washing treatments and four weeks frozen storage period observed every week. The method used consisted of measurements of pH, water content, bite test, and folding test. Then the results obtained for the best kamaboko tilapia (Oreochromis sp) were obtained from fillet raw materials compared to the raw material of Minced fish and raw materials of Minced Fish + Sorbitol, with a frequency of washing once and frozen storage for 3 weeks.


Author(s):  
И.В. Великанова ◽  
Р.А. Попов

Целью настоящей работы является оценка состояния льноводства в Российской Федерации в целом и в отдельных льносеющих регионах, выявление текущих проблем в отрасли, изучение программ государственной поддержки льняного комплекса и определение возможностей для его развития. В процессе исследования использовался широкий спектр аналитических методов изучения экономических явлений – монографический, статистический и другие. Особое внимание уделялось сопоставимости показателей для анализа динамики изучаемых процессов. Для России лён-долгунец – важнейшая техническая культура, максимально адаптированная к её почвенно-климатическим условиям, позволяющая в значительной мере обеспечить импортозамещение хлопка. Основная задача, стоящая перед льняной отраслью сегодня – создание надёжной отечественной сырьевой базы для льноперерабатывающих предприятий. От её решения зависит экономическая и стратегическая безопасность страны, которая определяется необходимостью наличия отлаженного производства отечественного волокнистого сырья и продуктов его переработки гражданского и оборонного назначения. Исследования показали, что реализуемые меры по поддержке отрасли на федеральном и региональном уровнях положительно влияют на её состояние, но пока не могут обеспечить высокую эффективность производства. Валовые сборы льноволокна не растут и стабилизировались на уровне 40 тыс. тонн, а площади посева льна-долгунца не достигают и 50 тыс. гектаров. Низким остаётся и качество льнопродукции. В условиях высокой затратности производства льнопродукции, диспаритета цен, недостаточного уровня инвестиций рентабельность производства льнопродукции довольно низка. Важными и актуальными задачами в развитии льняной отрасли являются увеличение объёмов и эффективности производства льна, повышение качества волокнистой и семенной продукции, техническая и технологическая модернизация льноводства. Поэтому, наряду с действующими программами (льготное кредитование, лизинг техники, субсидирование затрат), необходима разработка целевой комплексной программы «Развитие льняного подкомплекса региона», охватывающей не только сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей, но и предприятия перерабатывающей и лёгкой промышленности. The purpose of this work is to assess the state of flax cultivation in the Russian Federation as a whole and in certain flax-sowing regions, to identify current problems in the industry, to study state support programs for the flax complex and to determine opportunities for its development. A wide range of analytical methods for studying economic phenomena – monographic, statistical and others was used in the research process. Particular attention was paid to the comparability of indicators for the analysis of the dynamics of the studied processes. For Russia, the fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum) is the most important industrial crop adapted to its soil and climatic conditions as much as possible, which allows to significantly ensuring the import substitution of cotton. The main task facing the flax industry today is to create a reliable domestic raw material base for flax processing enterprises. The economic and strategic security of the country depends on its decision which is determined by the need for regular production of domestic fibrous raw materials and its derived products for civil and defense purposes. Researches have shown that the measures implemented to support the industry at the federal and regional levels positively affect its condition, but so far cannot ensure high production efficiency. Whole yields of flax fiber do not increase and have stabilized at the level of 40 thousand tons and the area of planting fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum) does not reach 50 thousand hectares. The quality of flax products remains low. In conditions of high cost of flax production, price disparity, insufficient level of investments, the profitability of flax production is rather low. Important and relevant tasks in the development of the flax industry are increasing the volume and efficiency of flax production, improving the quality of fibrous and seed products and technical and technological modernization of flax cultivation. Therefore, along with existing programs (easy credit terms, finance lease of equipment, subsidizing of costs) it is necessary to develop a targeted integral program "Development of the flax sub-complex of the region", covering not only agricultural commodity producers but also enterprises of the processing and light industries.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Trisnawati Trisnawati ◽  
Daud K. Walanda ◽  
Irwan Said

Biodiesel is an alternative raw material for fuel of diesel motor made from vegetable oil. This study attempted to utilize tofu dregs as raw material for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the yield of biodiesel produced and the content of methyl esters in the biodiesel yield, and to analyze the quality of biodiesel produced based on Indonesian national standard (SNI). This study consisted of four stages: the provision of samples, pre-treatment, esterification and transesterification, and analysis of the quality of biodiesel produced which include the density at 15 °C, the viscosity at 40 °C, and the moisture content. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel was 4.01%, and the content of methyl ester shown by larger Rf (0.87) using eluent of hexane:diethylether:formic acid. Results of the analysis of biodiesel quality obtained the density at 15°C was 864 kg/m3, the viscosity at 40 °C was 2.57 mm2/s, and the water content was 4%. Based on the parameters ofthe density at 15 °C and the viscosity at 40 °C, the product of biodiesel met the requirements of SNI, while in term of the water content the product did not meet the requirements of SNI.


2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosakowska

SummaryIntroduction: Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is an important medicinal plant, indigenous to Asia. Due to a wide range of pharmacological activities, its roots has been used for ages in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Recently, the species has become an object of interest of Western medicine, as well. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the variability of Baikal skullcap population originated from Mongolia and cultivated in Poland, in terms of content and composition of flavonoids in the roots. Methods: The objects of the study were 15 individual plants, selected within examined population and cloned in order to obtain a sufficient amount of raw material. The total content of flavonoids in roots was determined according to Polish Pharmacopeia 6th. The qualitative analysis of flavonoids was carried out using HPLC, Shimadzu chromatograph. Results: The dry mass of roots ranged from 25.88 to 56.14 g × plant-1. The total content of flavonoids (expressed as a quercetin equivalent) varied between 0.17 and 0.52% dry matter (DM). Nine compounds were detected within the group, with oroxylin A 7-Oglucuronide (346.90-1063.00 mg × 100 g-1DM) as a dominant, which differentiated investigated clones at the highest degree (CV=0.27). Baicalin (391.40-942.00 mg × 100 g-1DM), wogonoside (324.00-641.10 mg × 100 g-1DM) and hesperetine 7-O-glucoside (163.00-346.32 mg × 100 g-1DM) were also present in a considerable amounts. Clone 7 was distinguished by the highest content of all investigated compounds, except wogonin and oroxylin A 7-O-glucuronide. Conclusions: Results obtained in present study show a high variability within Baical skullcap investigated population in respect of flavonoid compounds detected in roots. Thus, the results may be used in future investigations concerning the selection and breeding of this species.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Genilso Gomes de Proença ◽  
Carla Adriana Pizarro Schmidt ◽  
José Airton Azevedo dos Santos

Starches have a wide range of uses and their consumption has increased over the years, resulting in a growth in the agro-industries that produce them. Cassava is a very important plant for agri-business and one of the main products obtained from its roots is starch. Although cassava can be harvested throughout the year, its quality varies greatly through the seasons; this is because it is influenced by soil and climatic factors, as well as the genetic characteristics of the species. These influences result in seasonal oscillations in root classification based on the starch content available at the time of product delivery. Faced with this problem, the objective of this study was the collection and evaluation of documentary data for 3 years of product quality samples. This was done in order to observe the situation and propose tools that can minimize problems resulting from the quality of raw material received by starch producers throughout the year. It was observed that in the winter period there was an increase in root starch content, despite the differences between the months not being statistically significantly, they are financially representative of this agro-industry sector. At the end of the study, a proposal for a methodology for calculating payment per gram of starch is presented in order to minimize the problem.


2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Sanjar Tojimirzaev ◽  
Muhammad Sadikov ◽  
Shokhruh Rasulov ◽  
Javohir Mirzaahmedov ◽  
А.F. Plekhanov

The quality of the produced yarn mainly depends on the properties of the raw material, its preparation for spinning, the condition of the equipment, and the preservation of the natural quality of cotton fiber during processing. The question of the number of defects in cotton fiber and their total content is a very important issue for cotton spinning. The non-standardized number of defects in the raw material reduces the quality indicators and yarn yield, which requires additional technological processes; therefore, on the part of production, the requirements for reducing the share of cotton fiber defects are constantly increasing. During processing in blowing and cleaning units and on carding machines, the cotton fiber is mechanically damaged. To observation the damaged fibers, we used the Congo-Roth red paint according to the method of Ch. Dore. Despite the carding is considered the last stage in the process of cleaning the fibers from impurities and defects in the spinning system, 30% of impurities and fiber defects still remain on the card sliver. Besides, it should be noted the carding machine is also considered an additional occurrence of defects, in particular (neps), which reduce the quality indicators of the card sliver and the finished product.


EUGENIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meity Tumimbang ◽  
Zetly E. Tamod ◽  
W. Kumolontang

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to find out the nutrient content on five types of livestock manure compost which made of the mix of some livestock manure. This research uses three stages starting from the inventory, then analyzing the data, and finally interpretation of the data for the parameters: follow-up material, color, odor, moisture or water content, Reaction Fertilizer PH, Levels of C Organic, Levels of Total N, Total P, Total K, and Fe. The inventory stage is conducted in laboratory using fast accurate qualitative methods based on Soil Research Center manual guide (2015). The research showed the results of the analysis of physical quality of blackish brown color, soil smells, moisture content less than 50% have met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-7030-2004. However, based on Decree of the Minister of Agriculture no 28/Permentan/SR.130/B/2009, the water content obtained under the requirements is only in the range of 7.82 to 13.31 from 15-25% while the follow-up material showed <2%. The test results using a set of compost test tools showed N Total content of the livestock manure mixture compost that were made in the range of 2-3% (SNI standard >0,4% and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture <6%), P2O5 1-1.5% (SNI standard >0.1% and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture <6%), C-Organic 10% (SNI standard >9,8-32% and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture >12%), and Fe content 1000-2000 ppm (Decree of the Minister of Agriculture standard 0-8000 ppm), PH 5-7 (SNI standard 6,8 and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture standard 7,49).Key words: compost,  domesticated cattle


Author(s):  
M. A. Vysotskaya ◽  
S. Yu. Shehovtsova ◽  
D. A. Kuznetsov

The avalanche-like growth of traffic intensity and freight traffic, the tightening of requirements for the quality of road clothes, the shortage of conditioned mineral raw materials in many regions of the Russian Federation prompt the construction materials science sector to search for new, promising methods for improving the quality of products. Road construction, one of the most material-intensive areas, is focused on maximizing the use of local, often non-conditioning materials, so composites made on their basis do not meet modern operational requirements. In this paper, a number of porous fine dispersed fillers have been investigated that could perform, on the one hand, the functions of a mineral powder, and on the other hand, serve as the carrier of a certain substance that regulates the properties of a road composite. The identification of the mechanism of interaction of mineral powders with bitumen was carried out by studying surface, physical-mechanical and chemical properties, as well as microstructural features and reactivity. It was found that the high porosity characteristic of fillers from perlite and zeolite is due to the highly developed pore architecture with the diameter of the entrance windows in a wide range. The study of the chemistry of the surface of a solid was carried out by evaluating the surface on which there are active centers due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and impurity centers. By the results of the experiment, it was found that an increase in the content of active sites on the surface of a mineral filler is directly proportional to its porosity. As a result of the conducted studies it was established that zeolites are the most promising raw material for organomineral composites. They have a developed specific surface, unique pore architecture, high structuring and adsorption capacity.


EUGENIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meity Tumimbang ◽  
Zetly E. Tamod ◽  
Wiesje Kumolontang

ABSTRACT   The purpose of this research is to find out the nutrient content on five types of livestock manure compost which made of the mix of some livestock manure. This research uses three stages starting from the inventory, then analyzing the data, and finally interpretation of the data for the parameters: follow-up material, color, odor, moisture or water content, Reaction Fertilizer PH, Levels of C Organic, Levels of Total N, Total P, Total K, and Fe. The inventory stage is conducted in laboratory using fast accurate qualitative methods based on Soil Research Center manual guide (2015). The research showed the results of the analysis of physical quality of blackish brown color, soil smells, moisture content less than 50% have met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-7030-2004. However, based on Decree of the Minister of Agriculture no 28/Permentan/SR.130/B/2009, the water content obtained under the requirements is only in the range of 7.82 to 13.31 from 15-25% while the follow-up material showed <2%. The test results using a set of compost test tools showed N Total content of the livestock manure mixture compost that were made in the range of 2-3% (SNI standard >0,4% and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture <6%), P2O5 1-1.5% (SNI standard >0.1% and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture <6%), C-Organic 10% (SNI standard >9,8-32% and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture >12%), and Fe content 1000-2000 ppm (Decree of the Minister of Agriculture standard 0-8000 ppm), PH 5-7 (SNI standard 6,8 and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture standard 7,49). Key words: compost, domesticated cattle


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