scholarly journals Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.: a review of emerging serious disease of oilseed rape in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Říčařová ◽  
J. Kazda ◽  
K. Singh ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Serious Disease

scholarly journals Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae causing damage to oilseed rape in the Czech Republic and Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Řičařová ◽  
Joanna Kaczmarek ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Jan Kazda ◽  
Wolfgang Lueders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Clubroot – An Emerging Disease Faced by Czech Oilseed Rape Growers

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Řičařová ◽  
J. Kazda ◽  
P. Baranyk ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Clubroot is caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin and has become a serious problem in oilseed rape production in the Czech Republic. The disease was previously widespread in commercial vegetable production and in hobby gardens. Whereas previously restricted only to the NE, since 2010 oilseed rape clubroot has been spreading across the whole country. A five-year monitoring of clubroot occurrence based on disease symptoms detection on oilseed rape fields was accomplished by the Union of Oilseed Growers and Processors. The presence of P. brassicae and clubroot symptoms was reported in all regions of the Czech Republic, except the Ústecký region, and in 31 out of 76 districts. At present, at least 130 fields are known to be infested by the pathogen, but this number is very likely underestimated. Some soil samples were also tested using the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to evaluate the soil usability. All 14 suspected samples tested positive.

scholarly journals Volutella leaf blight and stem canker on Japanese pachysandra in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Serious Disease

Woody ornamental cover plants of Japanese pachysandra (<i>P. terminalis</i> S. et Z.) are planted in parks and gardens in the Czech Republic. A serious disease of these plants is Volutella leaf blight and stem canker caused by the fungus <i>Pseudonectria pachysandricola</i> (anamorph <i>Volutella pachysandricola</i>). It was described by DODGE (1944) in the United States and appeared in Europe in the 1980s. Volutella pachysandricola was isolated from Japanese pachysandra (<i>P. terminalis</i> cvs. Green Carpet and Variegata) from leaf spots and stem and stolon cankers in Brno in 2000&minus;2003. The tan or brown spots with brown margins, often with concentric zones, develop on infected leaves. Stem and stolon cankers appear as water-soaked diseased areas, the stem often turns brown, shrivels and girdles. The infection often begins in damaged or senescent plant parts and spreads into the healthy tissues. Pink-orange sporodochia with spores form on newly killed stems and leaves during humid spring and summer periods. Ascospores develop in red-orange perithecia on the same tissues.

scholarly journals Influence of the nitrogen-sulfur fertilizing on the content of different sulfur fractions in soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
V. Vaněk ◽  
O. Sedlář
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Hydroiodic Acid ◽  
Soil Sulfur

&nbsp; Precise field experiments were established at 3 sites with oilseed rape under different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic (Humpolec, Hněvčeves and Uhř&iacute;něves) in the years 2008&ndash;2010. In this experiment, four fertilizing treatments with increasing S rate were evaluated. The contents of bioavailable (S<sub>W</sub>), adsorbed (S<sub>ads</sub>), occluded (S<sub>ocl</sub>), and hydroiodic acid (HI) reducible (S<sub>HI</sub>) sulfur were measured. The contents of the fractions within the studied sites in the samples collected before fertilizers application were comparable. The S<sub>W</sub>, S<sub>ads</sub> a S<sub>ocl</sub> contents did not exceed 10 mg S/kg. The S<sub>HI</sub> contents differed depending on site and year. Fertilizing using S as CaSO<sub>4</sub> positively influenced the contents of S<sub>W</sub>, S<sub>ads</sub>, and S<sub>HI</sub> in soil. Sulfur fertilizing had also the positive tendencies to increase the winter rape yields but the differences between studied treatments were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Long-Term Water Balance of Selected Field Crops in Different Agricultural Regions of the Czech Republic Using Fao-56 and Soil Hydrological Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Duffková ◽  
Jiří Holub ◽  
Petr Fučík ◽  
Jaroslav Rožnovský ◽  
Ivan Novotný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Long-term water balance (WB) of four selected crops (winter wheat, oilseed rape, silage maize, semi-early potatoes) was determined at the field block scale in the Czech Republic for all agricultural growing areas (AGAs): maize-, beet-, potato- and mountain-AGAs for the 1981–2010 period. A novel approach for the calculation of WB was employed, which combined the FAO-56 method for crop water requirements (CWRs) with sources of available water from precipitation, soil, and groundwater. The computed WB was divided into four categories of soil water availability based on soil hydrolimits and crop features: Categories 1 and 2 with zero or mild occurrence of crop water stress; categories 3 and 4 with intermediate and severe occurrence of crop water stress. The winter crops were affected by water stress to a lesser extent (the area of categories 3 and 4: wheat 20.1%, oilseed rape 14.5%) as compared with spring crops (the area of categories 3 and 4: maize 39.6%, potatoes 41%). The highest water deficit was recorded for all crops in the maize-AGA due to low precipitation and high CWRs. Most available water was revealed to occur in the mountain-AGA. A strong need for the adoption of measures towards the optimization of water regimes on agricultural land was indicated. The present study shows a promising approach for evaluating and proposing changes of area of cultivated crops with the appropriate tillage and agricultural water management in terms of satisfactory crop water requirements.

scholarly journals Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poslušná Jana ◽  
Plachká Eva ◽  
Mazáková Jana
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Mean

The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013–2015. One single-component fungicide – Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides – Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC<sub>50 </sub>values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC<sub>50</sub> value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC<sub>50</sub> values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively).

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of cabbage root maggot (Delia radicum) and clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in winter oilseed rape crops in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Hlavjenka Vojtěch ◽  
Seidenglanz Marek ◽  
Dufek Aleš ◽  
Šefrová Hana
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Cabbage Root Maggot ◽  
Root Maggot

The amount and spatial distribution of plants afflicted with cabbage root maggot (Delia radicum; CRM) and clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in winter oilseed rape crops were assessed in the Olomouc region (Northern Moravia, Czech Republic) over the course of 2012–2014. A total of 16 commercial rape fields were included in the assessments. Plants with tumours showed a significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) level of infestation induced by CRM (24% of plants infested) compared to plants without tumours (37% of plants infested). According to a generalised linear mixed model, plants with thicker hypocotyls are predisposed to significantly higher levels (P &lt; 0.001) of root surface damage induced by CRM. The correlation analysis indicates rather weak or intermediate levels of correlation between the two variables (hypocotyls thickness × root surface damage induced by CRM). Both CRM and clubroot symptomatic plants showed a significant tendency for aggregation in rape crops, but not in all cases. Distributions of CRM and clubroot symptomatic plants were either significantly spatially dissociated or not associated in crops. Ovipositing D. radicum females showed some tendency to avoid zones with higher number of plants infected by P. brassicae. Distributions of CRM and hypocotyl thickness levels were significantly spatially associated in crops in several cases.

scholarly journals Detecting Pathogens of Verticillium Wilt in Winter Oilseed Rape Using ELISA and PCR – Comparison of the Two Methods and With Visual Stand Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Spitzer ◽  
Pavel Matušinsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Match Rate

During 2013–2015, oilseed rape samples from various locations in the Czech Republic were analysed for the presence of Verticillium wilt. Samples were evaluated in the lab using ELISA and PCR as well as by visual evaluation during the samples collection. A comparison of detection match in individual methods also was made. ELISA and PCR matched in detecting Verticillium wilt in 60 % of cases. For practical use, a higher match rate would be necessary in cases where samples were to be analysed in various laboratories using only one of these techniques. The possibility was demonstrated to use kits as well as primers not targeted specifically to just Verticillium longisporum but recording both main species on oilseed rape (V. longisporum and V. dahliae). The match rates of lab analyses with visual evaluation of stand infection were surprisingly high at 62 % for ELISA and 77 % for PCR. All three stand evaluation methods matched in 56 % of cases.

scholarly journals Meteorological Variables That Affect the Beginning of Flowering of the Winter Oilseed Rape in the Czech Republic

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Lenka Hájková ◽  
Martin Možný ◽  
Veronika Oušková ◽  
Lenka Bartošová ◽  
Petra Dížková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most cultivated oilseeds in the Czech Republic and belongs among major pollen allergens. Pollen allergies have an extensive clinical impact worldwide, and as well as in the Czech Republic. In this paper, meteorological variables such as mean air temperature, maximum and minimum air temperature, precipitation total and number of rainy days in the period 1991–2012 were studied using the PhenoClim phenological model to find the best predictor of the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus in the Czech Republic. In addition, temporal and spatial evaluations of the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus were examined at individual stations in different climatic zones within the same period. In total, three phenological stations at altitudes from 270 m asl to 533 m asl located in warm (W2), medium warm (MW7) or cold (C7) climatic zones were used for detailed evaluation. Based on the observation results at selected stations, the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus advanced progressively in timing (nearly −15 days) in the 1991–2012 period. The base temperature and temperature sums were calculated for the beginning of flowering of the winter oilseed rape using the PhenoClim computer tool. As the most accurate predictor for the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus, the mean air temperature was determined. The optimal start day for calculation was 30th January, the threshold (base temperature) was 6.0 °C and the temperature sum was 157.0 °C. The RMSE value was 4.77 and the MBE value was −3.00. The simulated data had a good correlation with the real observed data (the correlation coefficients were within the range from 0.56 to 0.76), and the PhenoClim model results indicate using them in the forecast modeling of the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus in the Czech Republic.

Analysis of Leptosphaeria species complex causing phoma leaf spot and stem canker of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Jan Urban ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Leaf Spots

In the Czech Republic, increases in the area sown with oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and shifts to intensive crop farming systems have contributed to increased incidence and harmfulness of phoma stem canker. This study comprised a large-scale survey of the occurrence of two closely related causal agents of the disease, Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, in oilseed rape tissues and the country-wide distribution of each fungal species. In the 2007–11 growing seasons, 1132 leaves with phoma leaf spot symptoms were sampled; from those, 977 L. maculans-type and 477 L. biglobosa-type leaf spots were sampled and analysed by species-specific PCR without pathogen isolation. There were 1159 leaf spots confirmed as infected by Leptosphaeria spp., with 65% of 907 L. maculans-type leaf spots infected by L. maculans only and 35% co-infected by both species; and with 88% of 252 L. biglobosa-type leaf spots infected by L. biglobosa only and 12% co-infected by both species. Furthermore, 217 monopycnidial isolates were collected from selected leaf spots and identified based on pigment production during solid- and liquid-media culture and PCR assay. Most (82%) isolates originating from L. maculans-type leaf lesions were L. maculans, and most (69%) isolates collected from L. biglobosa-type leaf lesions were L. biglobosa. Co-infection by both species was found in both L. maculans-type and L. biglobosa-type leaf lesions. In 2007–12, 708 stems with phoma stem canker symptoms and 2635 plant tissues from upper stem, stem base, root collar and taproot of each stem were sampled for PCR; symptoms on the four parts of each stem were assessed before taking tissue samples. There were 1495 plant tissues confirmed as infected by Leptosphaeria spp., with the proportion of plant tissue in which only L. biglobosa DNA (62%) was amplified greater than that with only L. maculans DNA (11%) or with both L. maculans and L. biglobosa DNA (27%). Although both species were detected in leaf samples in autumn, L. biglobosa was the more frequently detected species in stem samples in summer, suggesting that L. biglobosa is the more successful in colonising oilseed rape tissues in later growth stages of the plant in the Czech Republic.

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