scholarly journals Sensitivity of kochia (Kochia scoparia [L.] Schrader) from three localities to selected sulfonylureas, imazapyr and atrazine

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
D. Chodová ◽  
J. Mikulka
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
New Localities

The presence of kochia (Kochia scoparia [L.] Schrader) was discovered at three new localities with different histories of imazapyr use. At the locality Jihlava, kochia was resistant to imazapyr and cross resistant to nine sulfonylureas after long-term applications of imazapyr. At Ћiћkov and Karlín most kochia plants were sensitive to all tested sulfonylureas. Plants showed the highest level of resistance to triflusulfuron. Plants of all three populations were sensitive to atrazine. After treatment with all tested herbicides the fresh matter of aboveground parts of the populations at Žižkov and Kolín was reduced in comparison with the untreated control. Treatment with all sulfonylureas and imazapyr caused significant differences in the fresh matter of aboveground parts between the population at Jihlava and those at Karlín and Žižkov.

scholarly journals MICRONUTRIENT CONTENTS IN THE PROFILE OF A RECOVERED SOIL WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE AND NATIVE SPECIES OF ATLANTIC FOREST

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Lívia Mara Lima Goulart ◽  
Marianne Fidalgo de Faria ◽  
Grasiela Spada ◽  
Thiago Tássio de Souza Silva ◽  
Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Potassium Supplementation

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture and recovery of degraded areas has been shown as a promising alternative for its final destination. Studies on micronutrient levels after sludge application are necessary to avoid soil contamination at toxic levels. The objective of this work was to verify the micronutrient contents in the soil profile and pH, up to one-meter-deep, nine years after the application of sewage sludge and planting of native species of the Atlantic Forest. The experiment was implemented in a degraded Quartzeneic Neosol and conducted in randomized blocks with four replicates and eight treatments, consisting of six doses of sewage sludge (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1, with supplementation of potassium due to low concentration in the residue), besides the control treatment, mineral fertilization and only potassium supplementation. After nine years, the contents of all micronutrients evaluated presented a significant response to the application of the treatments, and the application of sewage sludge provided an increase in their contents. Soil pH remained stable at sites receiving mineral fertilization and potassium supplementation. Only manganese and zinc showed mobility in the soil profile. The application of sewage sludge in degraded soil increases the micronutrient content and decreases its movement in the soil profile, and the application of the maximum dose of the residue does not provide toxic levels of these elements in the soil in the long term.

scholarly journals Application of Rice Stubble Synthesized Zeolite for Greenhouse Gas Reduction

2016 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Patthanant Natpinit ◽  
Rewadee Anuwattana ◽  
Thitirat Ditkaew ◽  
Tawee Suppinunt
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Footprint Analysis

This investigation aims to study the value of synthesized zeolite in reducing greenhouse gasses (GHGs) emitted by rice stubble. The experiment was divided into 2 parts. Part I com-prised a study of the efficiency of GHGs reduction by synthesized zeolite and part II involved application of synthesized zeolite to reduce the cumulative GHGs emissions over 110 days from paddy rice cultivation in Khlong 4, Pathum Thani Province. The experiments comprised 2 treatments: untreated control (I), and rice stubble with addition of synthesized zeolite (II). The study measured changes in the emissions of CH4 and CO2, conducted 3 d per week for 1.30 h during the cultivation period. The result s showed that rice stubble synthesized zeolite could reduce GHGs CH4 and CO2under irrigated conditions. In the experiment, synthesized zeolite had an efficiency of 8.91% and 24.5% in reducing CH4 and CO2, respectively. Footprint analysis showed that both gases were continuously emitted throughout cultivation. In Cumulative emissions from the control treatment were 42.57 g CH4 m-2 cropand 86.40g CO2 m-2 crop. Zeolite addition reduced emission levels to 30.71 g CH4 m-2 crop and 57.77 g CO2 m-2 crop. The reduction efficiencies CH4 and CO2 were 27.87% and 33.14%, respectively. It can be concluded that the rice stubble synthesized zeolite was capable of reducing GHGs significantly and that the efficiency was rate-dependent. It was clear that the GHGs emission reduction rate of synthesized zeolite was 0.148 g CH4 m-2 g zeolite and 0.358 g CO2 m-2 g zeolite.

scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation as a Prospective Method for Rehabilitation of Areas Contaminated by Long-Term Sewage Sludge Storage: The Greek Experience

2017 ◽  
pp. 836-853
Author(s):  
N. Suchkova ◽  
E. Darakas ◽  
J. Ganoulis ◽  
Y. Vergeles
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

In this work the suitability of several plant species for phytoremediation under natural and artificially installed conditions was studied. Brassica napus, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare were grown in pots with sewage sludge from Sindos Main WWTP in Thessaloniki and from Sindos Industrial WWTP in Thessaloniki, Greece. The first series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters for the above mentioned plants and the sludge to those for control samples (the same plants growing in compost). It was shown that shoot growth was less reduced in T. aestivum and H. vulgare than in the other plant species studied. B. napus had lower germination tax, followed by M. sativa with the lowest germination tax. Generally B. napus, giving less biomass production than Z. mays and T. aestivum, is characterised by a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, As and Hg. The second series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters of B. napus grown in sludge and treated each 7 days with metal solutions of Ni, Zn and Pb containing 10-2mg/l, 10-4mg/l, 10-6mg/l of each metal, to those for control plants treated with double distilled water. Results showed that shoot growth of B. napus were increased at treatments with lower concentrations of metals (10-6 mg/l) and control (treatment with d-distilled water). At the same time uptake of metal ions was increased with the concentration of the solution, i.e. at higher concentrations (10-2 mg/l). It is truly for Pb and Zn, transfer coefficient TC of which (indicates a plant’s potential to concentrate a metal) was quite high 15 % and 7 % correspondingly. It was noticed that B. napus has high ability to accumulate Cr, from the other hand it did not accumulate Ni (at present case).

scholarly journals Production of Synseed for Hybrid Cymbidium Using Protocorm-Like Bodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Dark Culture ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Synthetic seed were produced from protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’ after culture on a new medium, Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium. This new medium contained, in addition to a unique selection of macro- and micronutrients, 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mg/l kinetin, 2 g/l tryptone and 20 g/l sucrose, and was solidified with 8 g/l Bacto agar. Several explant types and sizes (intact PLBs, half-PLBs, PLB longitudinal thin cell layers) were tested. In addition, pretreatment of PLB-synseeds with 200 mM KNO3 solution, the addition of activated charcoal or coconut water to synseeds, light vs dark culture, short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 and 12 months) low-temperature (4°C) storage, as well as cryostorage were also tested. All treatments resulted in less PLBs than the control treatment. Among all these treatments, only the use of TC medium or incorporation of coconut water into synseeds resulted in “germination” while lowtemperature storage (1-6 months) was only possible under liquid TC. These results would allow for the short-term preservation of Cymbidium germplasm but not for effective cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qaswar ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Dongchu Li ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Sustainability ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Winter Fallow

Cultivation of green manure (GM) crops in intensive cropping systems is important for enhancing crop productivity through soil quality improvement. We investigated yield sustainability, nutrient stocks, nutrient balances and enzyme activities affected by different long-term (1982–2016) green manure rotations in acidic paddy soil in a double-rice cropping system. We selected four treatments from a long-term experiment, including (1) rice-rice-winter fallow as a control treatment (R-R-F), (2) rice-rice-milkvetch (R-R-M), (3) rice-rice-rapeseed (R-R-R), and (4) rice-rice-ryegrass (R-R-G). The results showed that different GM rotations increased grain yield and the sustainable yield index compared with those of the R-R-F treatment. Compared with those of R-R-F, the average grain yield of early rice in R-R-M, R-R-R, and R-R-G increased by 45%, 29%, and 27%, respectively and that of late rice increased by 46%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Over the years, grain yield increased in all treatments except R-R-F. Green manure also improved the soil chemical properties (SOM and total and available N and P), except soil pH, compared to those of the control treatment. During the 1983–1990 cultivation period, the soil pH of the R-R-M treatment was lower than that of the R-R-F treatment. The addition of green manure did not mitigate the soil acidification caused by the use of inorganic fertilizers. The soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and stocks of C, N and P increased over the years. Furthermore, GM significantly increased phosphatase and urease activities and decreased the apparent N and P balances compared with those in the winter fallow treatment. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that soil properties, cropping systems, and climatic factors significantly influenced annual grain yield. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis quantified the relative influences of the different soil properties on annual grain yield and showed that the relative influences of TN content, SOM, pH, and TP content on annual crop yield were 27.8%, 25.7%, 22.9%, and 20.7%, respectively. In conclusion, GM rotation is beneficial for sustaining high crop yields by improving soil biochemical properties and reducing N and P balances in acidic soil under double- rice cropping systems.

scholarly journals High-Power, Short-Duration Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nándor Szegedi ◽  
László Gellér
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
High Power ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Radiofrequency Lesions ◽  
Two Phases

Catheter ablation is the cornerstone of the rhythm control treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). During this procedure, creating a contiguous and durable lesion set is essential to achieve good long-term results. Radiofrequency lesions are created in two phases: resistive and conductive heating. The ablation catheters and the generators have undergone impressive technical developments to enable homogenous and good-quality lesion creation. Despite recent years’ achievements, the durable isolation of the pulmonary veins remains a challenge. These days, intensive research aims to evaluate the role of high-power radiofrequency applications in the treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmias. The use of high-power, short-duration applications might result in a uniform, transmural lesion set. It is associated with shorter procedure time, shorter left atrial, and fluoroscopy time than low-power ablation. This technique was also associated with a better clinical outcome, possibly due to the better durability of lesions. Multiple clinical studies have proven the safety and efficacy of high-power, short-duration PVI.

scholarly journals Successive crops of broccoli, green corn and pea after taro (Colocasia esculenta)-sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) consortium

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
João Nacir Colombo ◽  
Mario Puiatti ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias ◽  
Henrique Colli Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Corn Plants

Aiming to assess the residual effect of the biomass of the taro-sunn hemp consortium on the performance of the successive crops of broccoli, green corn and peas, an experiment, with 11 treatments, corresponding to the cutting of Crotalaria juncea in the taro-sunn hemp consortium (55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, 160, 190 and 220 days after sowing - DAS) plus a control treatment (Colocasia esculenta), was performed. Soil samples were collected and chemical analysis was performed before crop establishment. Plant characteristics and productivity of broccoli, green corn and pea pods were assessed. There were no major changes in soil chemical composition. Higher values of inflorescence fresh matter and broccoli yield were observed in the treatments in which cuts of Crotalaria juncea occurred 145 DAS. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cuttings provided higher corn plants and a greater fresh matter of spikes with straw and productivity of commercial ears, compared to the control. There was no residual effect on the characteristics evaluated for pea. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cropped in a consortium with Colocasia esculenta increases broccoli yield when cut from 145 DAS and corn cropped in succession.

scholarly journals Dolomitic Lime Particle Size and Container Medium pH

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Carol E. Leda ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Lime Particle

Abstract Boxwood liners, Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’, were container-grown for two years in a pine bark/peat moss medium amended with various particle sizes of dolomitic limestone. Adjustment of pH was more effectively accomplished with the finer particles. All treatments resulted in greater plant growth than the untreated control. A surface application of a commercially available pulverized dolomitic limestone was also effective in increasing the pH above the control treatment, and plants grown with the surface applied treatment were as large as any of the incorporated treatments.

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