scholarly journals Utilization of immunochemical methods to detect Phytophthora fraga-riae – a quarantine pathogen of strawberry

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pekárová ◽  
J. Krátká ◽  
J. Slováček
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Phytophthora Fragariae ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Mycelial Mass

Polyclonal antibodies anti-PfP IgG and anti-PfM IgG and monoclonal antibody MAb29 were prepared to detect a quarantine pathogen of strawberry, Phytophthora fragariae. Laboratory rabbits and mice were immunized using purified and unpurified protein extracts from the mycelial mass of the pathogen. All prepared antibodies were genus-specific, therefore Phytophthora cactorum was also detected. Except for Pythium ultimum, the antibodies did not cross-react with other pathogenic fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium sp., Verticillium albo-atrum. PTA-ELISA was used to test the antibodies. P. fragariae was detected in artificially infected strawberries (cultivars Elsanta, Kama and Vanda) by means of PTA-ELISA, immunoprinting and dot blot. Detection of the pathogen was optimal in undamaged roots or roots with necrotic tips only. At a later stage of infection, when whole roots were necrotic, the crown was more suitable for successful detection. To detect P. fragariae at the early stages of infection it is recommended to use at least two of the three mentioned immunotechniques.

scholarly journals Utilisation of immunochemical methods for detection of Colletotrichum spp. in strawberry

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krátká ◽  
I. Kudlíková ◽  
B. Pekárová-Kyněrová ◽  
J. Slováček ◽  
M. Zemánková
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Latent Stage ◽  
Polyclonal Igg ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Phytophthora Fragariae ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Four polyclonal and two monoclonal antibodies were prepared and tested to detect a quarantine pathogen of strawberry – Colletotrichum acutatum. Only one of them, polyclonal IgG K91, was sensitive enough to recognize the pathogen. This antibody was genus-specific and did not cross-react with several other fungal pathogens of strawberry (Phytophthora fragariae, P. cactorum, Verticillium albo-atrum, Botrytis cinerea, Pythium ultimum). Four techniques, PTA-ELISA, dot blot, immunoprint and immunofluorescent microscopy were used to test the specifity and sensitivity of antibodies. After artificial infection of strawberry (cvs Elsanta, Vanda, and Kama), Colletotrichum acutatum was detected by PTA-ELISA, dot blot and immunoprint in roots, crowns, petioles and fruits in the latent stage of the disease. For reliable detection in the latent stage it is recommended to use at least two of the mentioned techniques.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AS BIOCONTROL AND PHOSPATE SOLUBILIZATION AGENT IN Capsicum anuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Dwi Ningsih Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Index Value

The productivity of chili (Capsicum annuum) in Indonesia is currently very low. Some factors that influenced it including the presence of pathogenic microorganisms which lead to the low availability of phosphate in the soil. This condition become a limiting factor for plant growth and production. Endophytic fungi can be used as antagonistic agents in inhibiting pathogenic fungi and to increase the efficiency of phosphate solubilization known as phospholytic fungi. This study aimed to find antagonistic agents from endophytic fungi that can suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi and test the ability of endophytic fungi to dissolve phosphate. Fungi isolates used were BB-Biogen collection isolates, consisting of 42 endophytic fungi isolates, and 3 pathogenic fungi isolates (Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Phytophthora capsici) on chili plants (C. annuum). The antagonism test was carried out using the dual culture method in the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium for 5 days incubation at temperature (± 28 ° C). The parameters measured were based on the formation of inhibition zones and the calculation of the percentage of growth inhibition of fungi isolates. The test results obtained 7 representative fungi isolates (RIVA4, RIVA5, MIVD2, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Cladosporium oxysporum, and Chaetomium globosum). Based on the calculation of the percentage of growth inhibition, fungi isolates with RIVA5 code have a higher potential in inhibiting the growth of all three pathogenic fungi. Calculation of the percentage of endophytic fungi inhibition of RIVA5 were 70.3% (Fusarium sp.), 63.3% (C. acutatum), and 60% (P. capsici). Phosphate test was carried out by the cork borer method in pikovskaya medium for 4 days incubation at 27-28 ° C. The parameters measured were based on the formation of clear zones around the colony. There were 4 endophytic fungi isolates (MIVA4, MIVF7, Aspergillus sydowii, and  A. niger) formed a clear zone around the colony, which indicates the presence of phospholytic activity. Based on the calculation of the phospholytic index, A. niger isolates have a high phosphate solubility index value of 5.

EFEKTIFITAS RHIZOCTONIA MIKORIZA DALAM MENGINDUKSI KETAHANAN ANGGREK PHALAENOPSIS AMABILIS TERHADAP FUSARIUM SP.

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Soelistijono
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Resistance Induction ◽  
Fusarium Sp

This study examines the effectiveness of mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia resistance induction in Phalaenopsis amabilis against Fusarium sp. Fusarium solani is known as pathogens that attack many orchids P. amabilis (Chung et al., 2011) compared to other pathogenic fungi. Attack of Fusarium sp. will cause rot and yellow colored leaves. Until now there has been known as a biological control orchid against Fusarium sp. In this study tested the endurance locations in Sleman and Surakarta to see the effectiveness of a good orchid growth induced by Rhizoctonia mycorrhizal or not to attack by Fusarium sp. The results of the study showed that mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia able to inhibit the attack of Fusarium sp. It is shown by the value of the index of disease resistance  (DSI) in P. amabilis orchid mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induced lower than that not induced. Mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction results in Sleman provide a more real than mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction in Surakarta.

Use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to detect prostatic acid phosphatase by immunoblotting.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1832-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Patel ◽  
L Aubin ◽  
J Côte
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Dot Blot Assay ◽  
Polyclonal Antisera

Abstract We investigated two techniques of immunoblotting--the Western blot and the dot blot--for use in detecting prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, EC 3.1.3.2). We used polyclonal antisera to human PAP, produced in rabbits by hyperimmunization with purified PAP, and PAP-specific monoclonal antibodies in the immunoenzymatic protocols. We conclude that PAP can be readily detected by Western blots with use of polyclonal antisera, but not with monoclonal antibodies. On the other hand, using a dot blot assay, we could easily detect PAP with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.

scholarly journals Using Commercial Compost as Control Measures against Cucumber Root-Rot Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Kamal Sabet ◽  
Magdy Mohamed Saber ◽  
Mohamed Adel-Aziz El-Naggar ◽  
Nehal Samy El-Mougy ◽  
Hatem Mohamed El-Deeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Cucumber Root

Five commercial composts were evaluated to suppress the root-rot pathogens (Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. and Wr, Pythium ultimum Trow, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cucumber plants under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In vitro tests showed that all tested unautoclaved and unfiltrated composts water extracts (CWEs) had inhibitor effect against pathogenic fungi, compared to autoclaved and filtrated ones. Also, the inhibitor effects of 40 bacteria and 15 fungi isolated from composts were tested against the mycelial growth of cucumber root-rot pathogens. Twenty two bacteria and twelve fungal isolates had antagonistic effect against root-rot pathogens. The antagonistic fungal isolates were identified as 6 isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus spp., 5 isolates belong to the genus Penicillium spp. and one isolate belong to the genus Chaetomium spp. Under greenhouse conditions, the obtained results in pot experiment using artificial infested soil with cucumber root-rot pathogens showed that the compost amended soil reduced the percentage of disease incidence, pathogenic fungi population, and improved the cucumber vegetative parameters as shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. These results suggested that composts are consequently considered as control measure against cucumber root-rot pathogens.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI PATOGENISITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN LOKAL TERHADAP Leptocorisa oratorius

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Senewe ◽  
Guntur Manengkey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
White Mycelium ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Leptocorisa Oratorius

ABSTRACT Leptocorisa oratorius is one major pest of rice in North Sulawesi. Hence, it is necessary to control the pest. The research objective was to identify and to test pathogenicity of local  entomopathogen fungi which infected  Leptocorisa oratorius. The pathogens were collected through sampling of L. oratorius which had been infected by the fungi in the field. The pathogenic fungi was isolated using PDA medium, identified followed by inoculation for pathogenecity test.  During several sampling pest, it was found that  L. oratorius was attacked by fungal pathogens in the field. The identification revelead that the fungal pathogens were Beauveria sp and Fusarium sp. Both the fungal pathogen produced white mycelium and could only be distinguished using microscope in the laboratory. Result of pathogenicity tests showed that the two fungal pathogens caused different mortality of the L. oratorius. Mortality of  L. oratorius caused by pathogenic fungus Beauveria sp was  30.3% . Whereas, mortality of  L. oratorius caused by Fusarium sp was only 3.33%. Keywords : pathogenic fungi, entomopathogen, pathogenicity tests, L. oratorius

scholarly journals Survival and probability of transmission of plant pathogenic fungi through the digestive tract of honey bee workers

Apidologie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorgiane B. Parish ◽  
Eileen S. Scott ◽  
Raymond Correll ◽  
Katja Hogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Honey Bee Workers

AbstractHoney bees, Apis mellifera, have been implicated as vectors of plant pathogens. However, the survival of spores of plant pathogenic fungi through the digestive tract of workers has not been investigated. As workers defecate outside the hive, transport of hives could give rise to biosecurity concerns if fungal spores remain viable following passage through the digestive tract. To determine the likelihood that honey bees serve as vectors, this study investigated the viability of spores of Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum after passing through the digestive tract of summer and autumn worker bees. For both fungi, the mean viability of spores in faeces suspensions was less than one percent of the initial dose fed to the bees. Although survival was low, the large number of workers per hive implies a high probability of transmission of viable spores through honey bee faeces. Hence, in the case of economically important fungal diseases, transported hives could be a source of inoculum and quarantine restrictions should be considered.

scholarly journals First Notice of Phytophthora Aerial Blight and Crown Rot on Pansies in Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Orlikowski ◽  
Magdalena Pļaszek ◽  
Adam Wojdyļa ◽  
Czesļaw Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Begonia Semperflorens

First Notice ofPhytophthoraAerial Blight and Crown Rot on Pansies in PolandPhytophthora cactorumwas detected on &9/10; of pansies showing yellowing of leaves and crown rot symptoms and constituted about 90% of isolates obtained.Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. solaniandPythium ultimumwere also isolated from diseased tissues. Using rhododendron leaves as the bait,P. cactorumwas detected in pansy substratum as well as from soil under the mata. Isolates obtained from diseased plants, substratum and soil under mata colonized leaves, stem parts and roots of pansy. Necroses spread faster on organs inoculated with cultures from plants and substratum. Among 25 cultivars inoculated withP. cactorum, disease symptoms did not occur on 3 of them, whereas the fastest spread of necrotic spots (3.8 mm/24 hrs) was noticed on 3 cultivars. Isolates ofP. cactorumfromBegonia semperflorensandMalus domesticacolonized leaf petioles of pansy with significantly faster spread when isolates from begonia and pansy were used for inoculation.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Detection of the Maize Pathogens Sporisorium reiliana and Ustilago maydis by Dot Blot Hybridization and PCR-Based Assays

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Xu ◽  
A. E. Melchinger ◽  
T. Lübberstedt
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Dot Blot Hybridization ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sporisorium Reiliana

Head smut of maize, caused by Sporisorium reiliana, may substantially reduce grain yield. The objective of the present study was to develop a highly specific and sensitive DNA-based assay for detection of S. reiliana and its differentiation from Ustilago maydis, a maize fungus inducing the symptomatically similar common smut disease. Plasmid libraries of S. reiliana and U. maydis were constructed using a shotgun cloning procedure. Clones containing strongly hybridizing species-specific DNA were selected by screening libraries with their own labeled genomic DNA, followed by cross-hybridization with genomic DNA of maize and other maize-pathogenic fungi. The selected clones were used to generate subclones with short insert fragments to facilitate PCR amplification for labeling and primer design for a PCR assay. Using Dig-dUTP labeled inserts, detection of less than 0.16 ng of fungal DNA was possible by dot blot hybridization. Sequences of insert fragments were determined to design primer pairs for a PCR-based assay. Primer pairs SR1 and SR3 are species-specific for S. reiliana, and UM11 is species-specific for U. maydis. The PCR-based assays can detect fungal DNA of less than 1.6 pg using SR1 and SR3, and 8 pg using UM11, irrespective of the presence of maize DNA. Use of SR1 and SR3 allowed detection of S. reiliana in the extracts of pith, node, and shank from S. reiliana-infected plants, but not in leaves. Thus, both the dot blot hybridization and the PCR-based assays provide a highly sensitive and reliable tool for detection and differentiation of corn smut caused either by S. reiliana or by U. maydis.

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