scholarly journals Free and bound 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol in coffee surrogates and malts

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Divínová ◽  
M. Doležal ◽  
J. Velíšek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factors Influencing

The levels are reported of the free 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), its bound forms, the recognised precursors of 3-MCPD, and the factors influencing its formation in 5 selected coffee surrogates and 18 malts in the Czech Republic. The coffee surrogates had the free 3-MCPD level in the range of < 9.0 to 32 &micro;g/kg while the highest amount was found in roasted barley. In malts, the free 3-MCPD levels were similarly low (< 9.0 to 45 &micro;g/kg) being the highest in roasted malts (16-45 &micro;g/kg). Nevertheless, the values found in either surrogates or malts, calculated after normalisation to 40% dry matter content, did not exceed the European Union limit of 20 &micro;g/kg adopted for soy sauces and acid-HVP. The risk for consumers could arise from the bound 3-MCPD, its elevated levels having been found in both coffee surrogates and malts. In coffee surrogates, the bound 3-MCPD levels varied between 145&minus;1184 &micro;g/kg product; the highest level was found in roasted barley. The bound 3-MCPD levels exceeded the free 3-MCPD levels 32 to 81 times. In malts, the bound 3-MCPD levels ranged from 4.0&minus;650 &micro;g/kg, the highest amount having been found in roasted malts (463&minus;650 &micro;g/kg). The bound 3-MCPD levels exceeded the free 3-MCPD levels 0.4 to 36 times.

scholarly journals Study of knotweed (Reynoutria) as possible phytomass resource for energy and industrial utilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strašil ◽  
J. Kára
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the Reynoutria &times; bohemica and Reynoutria japonica under conditions of the Czech Republic. It evaluates the impact of soil, weather conditions and various terms of harvest (autumn, spring) on the yield, dry matter content, phytomass loss, ash content, and basic elements content change in plants. Heavy metals content was determined in soil where plants were grown and consequently in plants themselves. The average yield of dry matter at the fully closed stands of Reynoutria japonica were 9.06 t/ha in autumn, Reynoutria &times; bohemica from 13.23 to 21.41 t/ha, according to the site. The yield losses within the winter period were found on average 42% for Reynoutria japonica and 34% for Reynoutria &times; bohemica. The moisture decrease of Reynoutria japonica was found from 68% in the autumn to 24% in the spring, and of Reynoutria &times; bohemica from 67% to 23%, respectively. Decreased content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the knotweed phytomass was found during the latter (spring) harvest periods in comparison with the earlier harvest periods. Decreased elements content in phytomass during the latter harvest period (spring) increases the phytomass quality as a fuel from both aspects &ndash; technical and emissions generation. The ash content in plants varied according to the site, on average from 3.12% in Ruzyně to 4.6% in Chomutov. None of the heavy metals monitored in knotweed plants reached the maximum admissible values determined for the food or feed purposes in the Czech Republic. From the results of combustion experiments, it is evident that Reynoutria &times; bohemica is a good fuel. Energy sorrel shows the extreme CO concentration in flue gases in comparison with other monitored fuels. According to the ČSN EN 12809 (2001) standard it does not meet even the third class of requirements. On the contrary, knotweed and wood bark fulfill the requirements for the first class. The surprising fact is that both of these fuels show the lower level of CO emissions, than the wooden briquettes. Concentrations of nitrogen oxids are comparable with biofuels, except of wood, and probably are related to the nitrogen content in heating material.

scholarly journals The Fiscal Compact and the European Constitutions: ‘Europe Speaking German’

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB ◽  
JHR
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fiscal Compact

In between the writing of this editorial and the publication of this issue of EuConst, the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, in everyday parlance the ‘Fiscal Compact’, will have been signed by the representatives of the governments of the contracting parties — the member states of the European Union minus the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. The Fiscal Compact is intended to foster budgetary discipline, to strengthen the coordination of economic policies and to improve the governance of the euro area.

scholarly journals The economic conditions for the utilisation of the land fund in the Czech Republic after its accession to the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 452-454
Author(s):  
M. Hrabánková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Benefit

The important part of the increase of regional potential is the farming of the land fund. The economic conditions for its utilisation have been already prepared. They are based especially on the drawing of funds of the European Union, namely for the period after the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union and for the years 2007&ndash;2013. The measures concerning the land are included in the prepared programme documentation, especially in the Horizontal Rural Development Plan (HRDP) and in the Operational Programme &ldquo;Agriculture&rdquo;. The farmers will obtain the direct payment per area (SAPS) in addition to supports on foregoing measures. The requirements for environment-friendly farming of land will be increased in the future. The economic conditions for next period will concentrate on these priorities. It will concern the securing of public benefit contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. The project assurance of these trends and their regional monitoring and evaluation will be important.

scholarly journals Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

scholarly journals Potential of open data in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Boubin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Further Development

The paper Potential of open data in the Czech Republic deals with the current situation of open data government and autonomous institutions in the Czech Republic in comparison with other European Union countries (Great Britain, France, Belgium, Austria, Estonia, ...) and defines the possibilities of open data economic development of the Czech Republic. Methodology of the paper includes a search resources dealing with the issue of open data in the Czech Republic and the European Union, comparing the obtained data, the analysis of obtained data and draft of recommendations for further development. The first part is an evaluation of the current situation and the situation compared with other EU countries. Further conditions for further development and evaluation of the potential of open data for the Czech Republic. The final section of the paper deals with evaluation of possibilities open application data management processes of companies in the Czech Republic in terms of strategic and innovation management. The result is an overview of the potential use of open data in the context of economic development and an estimate of the trend in applications open at the government level.

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