scholarly journals Effect of subsoiling depth on soil physical properties and summer maize (Zea mays L.) yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobo Wang ◽  
Liangliang Guo ◽  
Pengchong Zhou ◽  
Xuejie Wang ◽  
Ying Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Compactness

The present study was carried out in 2016–2017 to assess the effect of subsoiling depth on the soil bulk density, stability of soil structure, soil physical properties and summer maize yield based on a field experiment started in 2015. Four tillage depths were studied: conventional tillage 25 cm (CT<sub>25</sub>); subsoiling tillage 30 cm (ST<sub>30</sub>); subsoiling tillage 35 cm (ST<sub>35</sub>) and subsoiling tillage 40 cm (ST<sub>40</sub>). The results showed that at the 20–50 cm depth ST<sub>30</sub>, ST<sub>35 </sub>and ST<sub>40</sub> decreased the mean soil bulk by 4.59, 7.13 and 8.27%, respectively, and at the 0–40 cm depth reduced soil compactness by 17.62, 23.63 and 36.42%, respectively, as compared to CT<sub>25</sub>. ST<sub>40</sub> reduced soil compactness in the 0–40 cm soil layer under conditions of relative drought (during the maize season growing season of 2016), ST<sub>35</sub> and ST<sub>40</sub> increased macroaggregates (&gt; 0.25 mm), improved the stability of the aggregate structure (geometric mean diameter and mean weight diameter) (20–40 cm), increased soil water storage capacity at 40–60 cm and increased maize yield by 7.89% and 8.91%, respectively. Considering the improvement of soil properties and crop yield, ST<sub>35</sub> was the optimum method to increase maize yield and modulate soil physical properties in the North China Plain.

Traffic and tillage effects on wheat production on the Loess Plateau of China: 2. Soil physical properties

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Bai ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Hongwen Li ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Jin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Controlled Traffic

Controlled traffic zero and minimum tillage management with residue cover has been proposed as a solution to erosion and other soil degradation challenges to the sustainability of dryland farming on the Loess Plateau of China. This was assessed between 1998 and 2007 in a field experiment involving a conventional tillage treatment, and 2 controlled traffic treatments, no tillage and shallow tillage, with full straw cover in both cases. This paper reports the soil physical properties after 9 years of dryland wheat production under these treatments, and the substantial improvements seen in soils under controlled traffic. Compared with conventional tillage, controlled traffic significantly reduced soil bulk density in the 0–0.15 m soil layer, and increased total porosity in the 0–0.60 m soil layer, where macroporosity (>60 µm) and mesoporosity (0.2–60 µm) increased at the expense of microporosity (<0.2 µm). Readily available water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity were greater in controlled traffic treatments. Controlled traffic farming appears to be an improvement on current farming systems on the Loess Plateau, and valuable for the sustainable development agriculture in this region.

scholarly journals The effects of land use and soil management on the physical properties of an Oxisol in Southeast Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getulio de Freitas Seben Junior ◽  
José Eduardo Corá ◽  
Rattan Lal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range

Soils of the tropics are prone to a decrease in quality after conversion from native forest (FO) to a conventional tillage system (CT). However, the adoption of no-tillage (NT) and complex crop rotations may improve soil structural quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of an Oxisol under FO, CT, and three summer crop sequences in NT: continuous corn (NTcc), continuous soybean (NTcs), and a soybean/corn rotation (NTscr). Both NT and CT decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) content, SOC stock, water stable aggregates (WSA), geometric mean diameter (GMD), soil total porosity (TP), macroporosity (MA), and the least limiting water range (LLWR). However they increased soil bulk density (BD) and tensile strength (TS) of the aggregates when compared to soil under FO. Soil under NT had higher WSA, GMD, BD, TS and microporosty, but lower TP and MA than soil under CT. Soil under FO did not attain critical values for the LLWR, but the lower limit of the LLWR in soils under CT and NT was resistance to penetration (RP) for all values of BD, while the upper limit of field capacity was air-filled porosity for BD values greater than 1.46 (CT), 1.40 (NTscr), 1.42 (NTcc), and 1.41 (NTcs) kg dm-3. Soil under NTcc and NTcs decreased RP even with the increase in BD because of the formation of biopores. Furthermore, higher critical BD was verified under NTcc (1.62 kg dm-3) and NTcs (1.57 kg dm-3) compared to NTscr and CT (1.53 kg dm-3).

scholarly journals Narrowing the Agronomic Yield Gaps of Maize by Improved Soil, Cultivar, and Agricultural Management Practices in Different Climate Zones of Northeast China

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijuan Liu ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang ◽  
Xiaomao Lin ◽  
Kenneth G. Hubbard ◽  
Shuo Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Yield Gaps

Abstract Northeast China (NEC) is one of the major agricultural production areas in China, producing about 30% of China’s total maize output. In the past five decades, maize yields in NEC increased rapidly. However, farmer yields still have potential to be increased. Therefore, it is important to quantify the impacts of agronomic factors, including soil physical properties, cultivar selections, and management practices on yield gaps of maize under the changing climate in NEC in order to provide reliable recommendations to narrow down the yield gaps. In this study, the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)-Maize model was used to separate the contributions of soil physical properties, cultivar selections, and management practices to maize yield gaps. The results indicate that approximately 5%, 12%, and 18% of potential yield loss of maize is attributable to soil physical properties, cultivar selection, and management practices. Simulation analyses showed that potential ascensions of yield of maize by improving soil physical properties PAYs, changing to cultivar with longer maturity PAYc, and improving management practices PAYm for the entire region were 0.6, 1.5, and 2.2 ton ha−1 or 9%, 23%, and 34% increases, respectively, in NEC. In addition, PAYc and PAYm varied considerably from location to location (0.4 to 2.2 and 0.9 to 4.5 ton ha−1 respectively), which may be associated with the spatial variation of growing season temperature and precipitation among climate zones in NEC. Therefore, changing to cultivars with longer growing season requirement and improving management practices are the top strategies for improving yield of maize in NEC, especially for the north and west areas.

scholarly journals Pedogenesis of Mt. Sumbing Volcanic Ash above The Alteration Clay Layer in The Formation of Landslide Susceptible Soils in Bompon Sub-Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Waode Asryanti Wida ◽  
Azwar Maas ◽  
Junun Sartohadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Plasticity Limit

Numerous researches on landslides have been carried out by many researches. However, studies on soil physical properties related to landslides potential in volcanic area are still rare. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil physical properties on landslides potential. To collect the soil sample, sampling area method was applied. The soil type used in this study was the residual soil. The values of clay liquid limit, plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index were used to measure the physical properties of the soil. Organic material was used as the supporting data. The results showed that the soil in the command area showed high value of clay which exceeded 50%. Such high level conditions in each profile affect the liquid limit; plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index and organic material. Based on the results, it can be concluded that residual soils with significantly high clay values illustrated the risk of landslide fields formation in Bompon sub-watershed. The clay soil layer was the controlled factor of soil movement.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Enclosing on Vertical Distributions of Soil Physical Properties and Nutrient Stocks in Grassland of Inner Mongolia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Juan Hu ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qicun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Nutrient Stocks ◽  
Vertical Distributions

Enclosing plays a crucial role in vegetation and soil quality in grassland. The biomass of green plants, litter, and vertical distributions of soil physical properties and nutrient stocks were evaluated at plot enclosed long term for 38 years inside a fence and a long-term grazing plot outside a fence in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that dry matter of green plants and litter during the 38-year enclosing treatment was higher than in the grazing treatment (p < 0.01). The soil silt (2–50 μm) in the 38-year enclosing treatment was 5.9% higher than in the grazing treatment (p < 0.01) in 0–10 cm soil, and the fine sand (100–250 μm) was 6.0% lower (p < 0.05). The 38-year enclosing treatment slightly decreased the bulk density and significantly decreased the electrical conductivity in each soil layer (0–100 cm). The 38-year enclosing treatment significantly increased the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) on the surface soil, and obviously decreased the stocks of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and available nitrogen (AN) in each soil layer (0–100 cm). In conclusion, long-term enclosing improved grassland production, but decreased most nutrient stocks in soil.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of four tillage practices on soil physical properties, soil water potential, and maize yield

Geoderma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 237-238 ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haytham M. Salem ◽  
Constantino Valero ◽  
Miguel Ángel Muñoz ◽  
María Gil Rodríguez ◽  
Luis L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Temporal changes of an alfalfa succession and related soil physical properties on the Loess Plateau, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li She ◽  
Ming An Shao ◽  
Luis Carlos Timm ◽  
Klaus Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
The Loess Plateau

The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between changes in the plant community and changes in soil physical properties and water availability, during a succession from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to natural vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China. Data from a succession sere spanning 32 years were collated, and vegetative indexes were compared to changes related to soil bulk density and soil water storage. The alfalfa yield increased for approximately 7 years, then it declined and the alfalfa was replaced by a natural community dominated by Stipa bungeana that began to thrive about 10 years after alfalfa seeding. Soil bulk density increased over time, but the deterioration of the alfalfa was mainly ascribed to a severe reduction in soil water storage, which was lowest around the time when degradation commenced. The results indicated that water consumption by alfalfa could be reduced by reducing plant density. The analysis of the data also suggested that soil water recharge could be facilitated by rotating the alfalfa with other crops, natural vegetation, or bare soil.

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