scholarly journals   Potassium release kinetics and its correlation with pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant indices

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Hosseinpur ◽  
H.R. Motaghian ◽  
M.H. Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Function Models ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Total Reaction Time ◽  
K Release

The rate of potassium (K) release from soils is a dynamic process, and it is important to the evaluation of soil K availability to plant. The objectives of this study were to determine K release characteristics and the correlation of these parameters with bean plant indices in surface soils of 15 calcareous soils. The kinetics of K release was determined by successive extraction with 0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub> in a period of 2&ndash;2017 h at 25 &plusmn; 1&deg;C. The results showed that the cumulative K&rlm; release ranged from 111 to 411 mg/kg. A plot of cumulative amount of K released showed a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations were applied to segments of the total reaction time (2 to 168 and 168 to 2017 h). The amounts of K released during 2&ndash;168 and 168&ndash;2017 h ranged from 55 to 299 and 44 to 119 mg/kg, respectively. Release kinetics of K conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, simplified Elovich and power function models in two segments. Potassium released after 2&ndash;168 and 168&ndash;2017 h and K release rate constants were significantly correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with bean plant indices, while correlation between K extracted by using 1 mol/L NH<sub>4</sub>OAc (ammonium acetate) and plant indices was not significant. The results of this research showed that information obtained from K release studies in laboratory and kinetics equation parameters can help to estimate the K supplying power of soils. &nbsp;

scholarly journals   Copper release kinetics: Effect of two extractants and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Motaghian ◽  
A.R. Hosseinpur
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Order ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Copper Release ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kinetics Of

The greenhouse experiment was performed to determine Cu release characteristics in the bulk and the rhizosphere of some calcareous soils using rhizobox. The kinetics of Cu release in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils were determined by successive extraction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA) and 10 mmol/L citric acid in a period of 1 to 504 h at 25 &plusmn; 1&deg;C. The results of kinetics study showed that Cu extracted using DTPA-TEA in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) lower than the bulk soils, while Cu extracted using citric acid in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher than the bulk soils. The mean of released Cu after 504 h using DTPA-TEA were 8.59 and 7.46 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. The mean release of Cu after 504 h using citric acid was 14.73 and 16.05 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. Release kinetics of Cu in two extractants conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, power function, and first order equations. The results of correlation analysis illustrated that a significant correlation between Cu desorption after 504 h with citric acid and Cu concentration in wheat was found (r = 0.96 and r = 0.90 in the rhizosphere and the bulk soils, respectively, P &lt; 0.01). Therefore, application of 10 mmol/L citric acid extractant would be recommended in the future study on the kinetics of release of Cu in calcareous soils. &nbsp;

Analysis of K+ release kinetics of biomass ash with different pH

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Kan WANG ◽  
Zifang WANG ◽  
Ming GAO ◽  
Yaohua HUANG ◽  
Xiaofei HAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
K Release

scholarly journals Kinetics of K release from soils of Brazilian coffee regions: effect of organic acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Antônio Silva ◽  
Giuliano Marchi ◽  
Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme ◽  
José Maria de Lima ◽  
Francisco Dias Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
First Order ◽  
Potassium Release ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Extractant Solution ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
K Release

Kinetic studies on soil potassium release can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This study was conducted to evaluate K release rates from the whole soil, clay, silt, and sand fractions of B-horizon samples of a basalt-derived Oxisol and a sienite-derived Ultisol, both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Potassium was extracted from each fraction after eight different shaking time periods (0-665 h) with either 0.001 mol L-1 citrate or oxalate at a 1:10 solid:solution ratio. First-order, Elovich, zero-order, and parabolic diffusion equations were used to parameterize the time dependence of K release. For the Oxisol, the first-order equation fitted best to the experimental data of K release, with similar rates for all fractions and independent of the presence of citrate or oxalate in the extractant solution. For all studied Ultisol fractions, in which K release rates increased when extractions were performed with citrate solution, the Elovich model described K release kinetics most adequately. The highest potassium release rate of the Ultisol silt fraction was probably due to the transference of "non-exchangeable" K to the extractant solution, whereas in the Oxisol exchangeable potassium represented the main K source in all studied fractions.

scholarly journals Kinetics of non-exchangeable potassium release in selected soil orders of southern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Zareian Gholamreza ◽  
Farpoor Mohammad Hady ◽  
Hejazi-Mehrizi Majid ◽  
Jafari Azam
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Palygorskite Clay ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
K Release Rate ◽  
K Release

Non-exchangeable K release can greatly influence soil K fertility. This study was carried out to study the release of non-exchangeable K from 22 surface and subsurface soils of southern Iran using successive extraction with 10 mmol/l of CaCl<sub>2</sub> and oxalic acid in a period of 2−1368 h at 25 ± 1°C. Alfisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Histosols were among the studied soil orders. Illite, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, kaolinite and palygorskite clay minerals were identified. The amount of non-exchangeable K varied from 95 to 506 mg/kg. Results showed that CaCl<sub>2</sub> and oxalic acid released 60 and 55% of non-exchangeable K from soils, respectively. The discontinuity in slope was found when the cumulative amount of released K was plotted versus time, supporting the multi-reactive nature of K exchange sites. The cumulative K release in soils ranged from 87 to 300 mg/kg for CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 78 to 300 mg/kg for oxalic acid which was well described by simplified Elovich and power function equations. The b constant of simplified Elovich as an index of non-exchangeable K release rate was in the range of 10 to 36 mg/kg for CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 11 to 36 mg/kg for oxalic acid. The highest b constant was measured in Inceptisols and Alfisols, while the lowest values were found in Entisols and Histosols. In conclusion, the K release pattern was similar for both extractants and affected by clay content and type, and soil depth.

Factors affecting potassium release in calcareous soils of southern Iran

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Najafi Ghiri ◽  
Ali Abtahi ◽  
Fatemeh Jaberian
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
K Release Rate ◽  
K Release

Experiments were conducted on 48 representative surface and subsurface soils collected from different climatic and physiographic conditions in southern Iran to assess factors affecting potassium (K) release and to find the best fitting models to describe the release kinetics of K to 0.01 m CaCl2. Mineralogical analysis showed that smectite, mica, chlorite, and palygorskite were the main clay minerals in the studied soils, whereas quartz, mica, and feldspars were abundant in the silt and sand fractions. Results indicated that cumulative K released ranged from 26.7 to 260 mg/kg (mean 176 mg/kg) for surface soils and from 37.9 to 198 mg/kg (mean 130 mg/kg) for subsurface soils. The predominant source of K in the soils appeared to be mica, because there was a significant relationship between cumulative K released and mica content. The percentage of non-exchangeable K release to CaCl2 during 1496 h was also correlated with the ratio of mica in the coarse fractions to total mica in the whole soil. Results showed that the Elovich equation adequately described the reaction rates of K release from surface and subsurface soils and suggested a heterogeneous diffusion process. We concluded that mica content and its particle size, soil depth, and some soil properties are the main factors controlling K release rate. On the other hand, we found no significant relationships between K release rate and climatic conditions, or physiographic positions.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION METHODS AND ADSORPTION KINETICS OF POTASSIUM IN CALCAREOUS SOILS OF MULTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
M. Aurangzeib ◽  
S. Hussain ◽  
A. Rehim ◽  
M. A. Bashir ◽  
H. M. A. Raza
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Function Models ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
K Fertilization

Understanding the dynamics of potassium (K) and its availability is fundamental in its efficient use as an important nutrient. The objectives of present study were to compare standard K extraction methods for extractable K and kinetics of K adsorption on five different textured soils. The soils were analyzed for physico-chemical properties, extractable K contents and kinetics of K adsorption. The soils had variable contents of soluble (8-52mg kg-1), exchangeable (13-215mg kg-1), fixed (488-1836mg kg-1), structural (2936-26362mg kg-1) and total K (3438-28517mg kg-1). Except soluble K, the amount of K in different forms was significantly (P?0.05) correlated with clay contents, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and calcium carbonate in soils. Different methods variated the extracted K in different textured soils. Mehlich-III, ammonium acetate, AB-DTPA, and calcium chloride extracted K was maximum in sandy clay loam (298mg kg-1, 267mg kg?1, 226mg kg-1, and 113mg kg-1) and lowest was in loamy sand (33mg kg-1, 24mg  kg-1, 30mg kg-1, and 24mg   kg-1) respectively. Elovich and power function models best explained the K kinetics adsorption, as rate of adsorption constants were negatively correlated with sand contents in the soil type. Pearson correlation showed that the extractability of K by different methods and kinetics of K adsorption were dependent on soil texture EC, CEC and calcium carbonate contents. Hence, soil physico-chemical properties should be considered in recommending rate of K fertilization along with crop K demand and soil extractable K.

Release characteristics of potassium from native reserves of some calcareous soils of Iran and their relationship with yield and potassium uptake by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Roya Molavi ◽  
Majid Baghernejad ◽  
Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei ◽  
Mehdi Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Release Capacity ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Sodium Tetraphenylboron ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Second Order Equations ◽  
K Release

Information on the release of potassium (K) reserves in soils can improve K-fertiliser management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the available K-release capacity of soils and its relationship with plant responses in three soil orders. Six consecutive ryegrass cultivations were conducted on nine soil samples from surface (0–30 cm) horizons of Vertisols, Alfisols, and Inceptisols of three sites with different temperature and precipitation under greenhouse conditions. The K release was investigated using 0.2 M sodium tetraphenylboron extractant during 0.2–144 h. The cumulative release of K ranged within 243–895 mg kg–1 at 0.2 h and 620–1788 mg kg–1 at 144 h. Kinetics of K release from soils at two time intervals (0.2–2 and 2–144 h) were described well by power function and pseudo second-order equations. The growth of ryegrass was somewhat stunted after six consecutive cultivations. Significant correlations were observed between dry matter and K uptake of ryegrass. The parameters of the best fitted kinetic models were significantly correlated with plant responses, especially the uptake of K by ryegrass.

Potassium balance and release kinetics of non-exchangeable K in a Typic Haplustert as influenced by cattle manure application under a soybean-wheat system

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneshwar Singh ◽  
A. K. Tripathi ◽  
D. Damodar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
K Release

Potassium balance and non-exchangeable potassium release in 0.01 M CaCl2 medium in a Typic Haplustert were studied in a 7-year-old soybean–wheat rotational experiment involving 4 levels of cattle manure along with the recommended dose of K (66 kg/ha.year). Continuous cropping without returning crop residues to the soil led to a negative balance of 66–107 kg K/ha.year. Manuring at the rate of 4 and 8 t/ha did not significantly change the negative balance, but application of 16 t/ha manure reduced the negative K balance. Continuous cropping without cattle manure reduced cumulative K release from 236 mg/kg (initial) to 195 mg/kg. Application of manure at 4, 8, and 16 t/ha kept K release at 229, 245, and 246 mg/kg soil, respectively. A parabolic diffusion equation was the best fit to describe K release. Cropping under the present level of K input resulted in a decline in non-exchangeable K whatever the addition of manure. Manuring at 4 and 8 t/ha has accelerated the mining of native K, which increased the unsustainability of the system. K balance, non-exchangeable K release kinetics, soybean–wheat rotation, cattle manure, Typic Haplustert.

Models for potassium release kinetics of four Humic Gleysols high in clay by electro-ultrafiltration

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ziadi ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
T. S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Order Equation ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
First Order ◽  
Incremental Model ◽  
Release Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
K Release

The rate of K release from the soil solid phase to its solution, especially from its rapidly and slowly exchangeable forms, can affect plant K uptake. The electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) technique was used to kinetically characterize the K release from four soils (Humic Gleysols) from Abitibi-Temiscaming, Quebec, Canada. Potassium was desorbed from soils that received over 166 kg K ha-1 yr-1 from 1994 to 1996. The desorption was carried out for 58 min (4, 4, and every 5 min thereafter for a total of 12 desorptions) at 400 V and 80°C. The amount of K desorbed was between 199 and 342 mg kg-1. Cumulative K desorption was described by the following six equations: power function, simplified Elovich, extended Elovich, parabolic diffusion, zero-order, and first-order. An incremental first-order equation was also tested. The studied soils have large K supplying capacities as suggested by forage K-uptake and total soil K desorption by EUF. In general, all tested equations adequately described the K release by EUF from the four soils. The incremental first-order equation, used for the first time, described well the soil K release data. The k rate constant from this model was significantly related to forage K uptake (R2 = 0.58). Results from this study indicate that the investigated soils have large K reserves and that the incremental first-order equation and most of the cumulative ones are suitable for describing the kinetics of the large K release from these fine-textured Gleysols. Key Words: Potassium, desorption, cumulative model, incremental model

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