scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation of Cry3 toxin-producing Bt maize and near isogenic maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seres ◽  
I. Kiss ◽  
P. Nagy ◽  
P. Sály ◽  
B. Darvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Near Isogenic Line ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation

Despite the fact that, on average, approximately 5–6 metric tons/ha of Bt maize stubble enter the soil on more than 170 million of hectares worldwide, the environmental impact of genetically modified maize plants on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is poorly known. In this study, the mycorrhizal colonisation on the roots of Bt maize (DAS-59122-7) and its near isogenic line was examined during the whole vegetation period. Cry3 toxin-producing Bt maize and its near isogenic line were grown in an experimental field in Julianna-major, Nagykovácsi, Hungary. DAS-59122-7 maize produces Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 toxins and pat proteins for herbicide tolerance. The study assessed whether similar arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation can be observed on the root of the Bt and near isogenic maize line and whether there are any differences in the temporal dynamics of AMF development. The arbuscular, hyphal and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation were higher in the near isogenic line as compared to its Bt counterpart, but no significant effect of the maize line was found as regards vesicle colonisation. The intensity of the arbuscular infection increased over time during plant maturation. DAS-59122-7 Bt maize had a negative effect on the initial development of AMF under field conditions, but no difference was seen in the case of the last two sampling dates (day 82 and 135). The reason of the latter is still not known.

scholarly journals Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on sugarcane varieties in the production of pre-sprouted seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa ◽  
Victor Gustavo Cunha Alves ◽  
Larissa Escalfi Tristão ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Double Factorial

Brazil is considered the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, the main raw material for the production of ethanol and sugar. The objective was to evaluatethe effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sugarcane varieties in the production of pre-sprouted seedlings. An experiment was carried out in acompletely randomized design, in a double factorial 4x2, with four varieties of cane: IACSP95-5000; IAC91-1099; IACSP95-5094 and IACSP97-4039 which interactedwith and without the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the substrate, with 20 repetitions, totaling 160 experimental units. The use of the mycorrhizal fungi cocktail provided changes in the initial development of the varieties IACSP97-4039, IACSP95-5094 and IACSP95-5000. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the parameters of the leaf area, the weight of the root dry matter, the adaxial epidermal thickness, the abaxial epidermal thickness, the phloem diameter  and the mesophyll thickness.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus in the initial development of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Teixeira-Rios ◽  
João Ricardo Gonçalves De Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Mayumi Yano-Melo
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Mimosa Tenuiflora

The effect of zinc fertilisation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grain quality and yield of contrasting barley cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al Mutairi ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Shi Fang Khor ◽  
Kylie Neumann ◽  
Rachel A. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Zn Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Mir Spectra

Zinc is essential for the functioning of many enzymes and plant processes and the malting process. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve zinc (Zn) uptake in the important cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) on Zn-deficient soils. Here we investigated the impacts of Zn fertilisation and AMF on the yield and grain quality of malting barley cultivars. Five barley genotypes were inoculated or not with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis, and grown in pots either fertilised with Zn or not. Measurements of Zn nutrition and yield were made for all cultivars. Further analyses of grain biochemical composition, including starch, β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents, and analysis of ATR-MIR spectra were made in two contrasting cultivars. Mycorrhizal colonisation generally resulted in decreased biomass, but increased grain dimensions and mean grain weight. Barley grain yield and biochemical qualities were highly variable between cultivars, and the ATR-MIR spectra revealed grain compositional differences between cultivars and AMF treatments. Mycorrhizal fungi can affect barley grain Zn concentration and starch content, but grain biochemical traits including β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents were more conserved by the cultivar, and unaffected by AMF inoculation. The ATR-MIR spectra revealed that there are other grain characteristics affected by AMF that remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Initial development and chemical components of sugarcane under water stress associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem C. M. de Sousa ◽  
Elvira M. R. Pedrosa ◽  
Mario M. Rolim ◽  
Uided M. T. Cavalcante ◽  
Inácio P. Monte Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Mixed Inoculum

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water stress levels in the soil and a mix (or: a mixed inoculum of four species: Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Gigasporas rosea, Acaulospora longula, Fuscutata heterogama) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on initial vegetative growth, fresh and dry biomass production, root colonization, phosphorus, proteins, enzymes and amino acid of the sugarcane variety RB 857515 under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with four treatments (T1 - 50% PC - pot capacity, with AMF; T2 - 100% PC with AMF; T3 - 50% PC without AMF; T4 - 100% PC without AMF) with 16 replicates. The water stress level of 50% PC decreased stem diameter and shoot and root fresh weight of sugarcane plants, as well as AMF in the soil and in plant roots. However, AMF and the water stress level of 50% PC, separately or combined, did not affect plant height, number of leaves, dry matter and contents of phosphorus, total soluble proteins, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and proline of the sugarcane variety RB857515.

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

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