scholarly journals DNA analyses and their applications in plant breeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ovesná ◽  
K. Poláková ◽  
L. Leišová
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Expressed Sequence

In recent years, molecular markers have been developed based on the more detailed knowledge of genome structure. Considerable emphasis has been laid on the use of molecular markers in practical breeding and genotype identification. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits – restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites. Other markers, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also mentioned. The importance of structural, functional genomic and comparative mapping is also discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular markers and their application for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity studies in Coffea species Marka molekuler dan penerapannya untuk studi sidik jari DNA dan keragaman genetik pada spesies Coffea

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. PRIYONO ◽  
Riza Arief PUTRANTO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstrakStrategi klasik yang meliputi perbandingan anatomi, fisiologi dan sitogenetika telah banyak diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter tertentu serta untuk menentukan keragaman dan hubungan antar dan intra spesies. Namun, saat ini penanda molekuler telah melengkapi strategi sebelumnya dengan sangat cepat. Berbagai jenis penanda molekuler digunakan untuk menilai tingkat polimorfisme DNA. Penanda molekuler ini diklasifikasikan sebagai penanda berbasis hibridisasi dan berbasis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sistem penanda DNA yang berbeda seperti Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) yang juga disebut Mikrosatelit, Single Nucleotide Polymorphims (SNPs) dan lain-lain telah dikembangkan dan diterapkan pada berbagai spesies tanaman. Penanda molekuler ini dapat digunakan untuk sidik jari DNA dan studi keragaman genetik. Sidik jari berdasarkan DNA telah banyak digunakan dalam ilmu forensik, juga memiliki berbagai aplikasi dalam pemuliaan tanaman. Tulisan ini memberikan overview tentang berbagai penanda molekuler dan aplikasinya untuk sidik jari dan kajian keragaman genetik tanaman berdasarkan DNA pada berbagai spesies tanaman, dan secara khusus pada Coffea sp.AbstractConventional strategies including comparative anatomy, physiology and cytogenetics were applied to identify the certain character as well as to determine inter- and intra-species diversity and relationships. However, more recently molecular markers have very rapidly complemented the previous strategies. Various types of molecular markers are used to assess DNA polymorphism. They are classified as hybridization-based markers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers. In recent years, different DNA marker systems such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which also called as microsatellites, Single Nucleotide  Polymorphims  (SNPs)  and  others  have been developed and applied to a range of plant species. These molecular markers can be used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity study. DNA fingerprinting has been widely used in forensic science, but is has also a variety of application in plant breeding. This paper provides an overview about various molecular markers and their application for DNA plant fingerprinting and genetic diversity, especially in Coffea sp.

scholarly journals Molecular markers and their application for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity studies in Coffea species Marka molekuler dan penerapannya untuk studi sidik jari DNA dan keragaman genetik pada spesies Coffea

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. PRIYONO ◽  
Riza Arief PUTRANTO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstrakStrategi klasik yang meliputi perbandingan anatomi, fisiologi dan sitogenetika telah banyak diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter tertentu serta untuk menentukan keragaman dan hubungan antar dan intra spesies. Namun, saat ini penanda molekuler telah melengkapi strategi sebelumnya dengan sangat cepat. Berbagai jenis penanda molekuler digunakan untuk menilai tingkat polimorfisme DNA. Penanda molekuler ini diklasifikasikan sebagai penanda berbasis hibridisasi dan berbasis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sistem penanda DNA yang berbeda seperti Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) yang juga disebut Mikrosatelit, Single Nucleotide Polymorphims (SNPs) dan lain-lain telah dikembangkan dan diterapkan pada berbagai spesies tanaman. Penanda molekuler ini dapat digunakan untuk sidik jari DNA dan studi keragaman genetik. Sidik jari berdasarkan DNA telah banyak digunakan dalam ilmu forensik, juga memiliki berbagai aplikasi dalam pemuliaan tanaman. Tulisan ini memberikan overview tentang berbagai penanda molekuler dan aplikasinya untuk sidik jari dan kajian keragaman genetik tanaman berdasarkan DNA pada berbagai spesies tanaman, dan secara khusus pada Coffea sp.AbstractConventional strategies including comparative anatomy, physiology and cytogenetics were applied to identify the certain character as well as to determine inter- and intra-species diversity and relationships. However, more recently molecular markers have very rapidly complemented the previous strategies. Various types of molecular markers are used to assess DNA polymorphism. They are classified as hybridization-based markers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers. In recent years, different DNA marker systems such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which also called as microsatellites, Single Nucleotide  Polymorphims  (SNPs)  and  others  have been developed and applied to a range of plant species. These molecular markers can be used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity study. DNA fingerprinting has been widely used in forensic science, but is has also a variety of application in plant breeding. This paper provides an overview about various molecular markers and their application for DNA plant fingerprinting and genetic diversity, especially in Coffea sp.

scholarly journals Potato variety identification by molecular markers based on retrotransposon analyses

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nováková ◽  
K. Šimáčková ◽  
J. Bárta ◽  
V. Čurn
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Variety Identification ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Simple Sequence

We analyzed a set of twenty most grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties listed in the Czech Variety List using the PCR-IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) method in order to distinguish fast and unambiguously the varieties. In total, 62 polymorphic alleles were amplified using the three primers P-Tst-1, P-Tst-3 and P-Tst-6. The recorded pattern of markers was stable and reproducible. The analyses were repeated three times and identical results were always obtained. The level of polymorphism varied from 11% to 79% depending on the respective primer. All analysed varieties could be reliably distinguished after multivariate statistics have been applied to the data obtained by the PCO and UPGMA analyses. The best resolution of individual varieties was obtained if all three primers were evaluated as a complex. The use of retrotransposon-based markers appears to be suitable for the differentiation of large sets of potato samples and should be an eligible complement to other molecular markers used in potato variety identification such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP).

scholarly journals DNA-based marker systems and their utility in entomology

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakrudin Bashasab ◽  
Vijaykumar ◽  
Krishnareddy Kambalpally ◽  
Basavaraj Patil ◽  
Mahaling Kuruvinashetti
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Entomological Research ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Morphological differences and similarities have been used to group and classify organisms, such as insects, into major taxonomic groups. However, discerning finer differences among strains, races and biotypes is usually difficult due to the influence of environment. Protein-basedmarking of individuals was used extensively before DNA-basedmarkers were employed. Variation at the DNA level is remarkable, and the unit change is heritable in a simple manner. At present, many DNA-based marker systems are available to address specific questions, both in basic and applied entomological research, that can circumvent the limitations of conventional approaches to a large extent. DNA-basedmarkers, being neutral to environmental influence and abundant, have helped understand genetics of complex traits in animal and plant systems. The present review primarily aims at familiarizing the DNA-based marker systems along with their utility. The techniques described include restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), microsatellites/simple sequence repeats (SSRs), expressed sequence tag (EST) based marker system, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other derivedmarker systems along with their genetic nature and relative comparison.

scholarly journals Development of Molecular Markers for Predicting Radish (Raphanus sativus) Flesh Color Based on Polymorphisms in the RsTT8 Gene

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Soyun Kim ◽  
Keunho Yun ◽  
Han Yong Park ◽  
Ju Young Ahn ◽  
Ju Yeon Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Red Radish ◽  
Simple Sequence

Red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars are a rich source of health-promoting anthocyanins and are considered a potential source of natural colorants used in the cosmetic industry. However, the development of red radish cultivars via conventional breeding is very difficult, given the unusual inheritance of the anthocyanin accumulation trait in radishes. Therefore, molecular markers linked with radish color are needed to facilitate radish breeding. Here, we characterized the RsTT8 gene isolated from four radish genotypes with different skin and flesh colors. Sequence analysis of RsTT8 revealed a large number of polymorphisms, including insertion/deletions (InDels), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), between the red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish cultivars. To develop molecular markers on the basis of these polymorphisms for discriminating between radish genotypes with different colored flesh tissues, we designed four primer sets specific to the RsTT8 promoter, InDel, SSR, and WD40/acidic domain (WD/AD), and tested these primers on a diverse collection of radish lines. Except for the SSR-specific primer set, all primer sets successfully discriminated between red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish lines. Thus, we developed three molecular markers that can be efficiently used for breeding red-fleshed radish cultivars.

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