scholarly journals   Effect of long-term cattle slurry and mineral N, P and K application on concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in peeled potato tubers and peels

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šrek ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
E. Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Potato Peels

Little information is available on how fertilizer application affects concentration of many elements in peeled potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers and peels. We analyzed how long-term application of cattle slurry and mineral N, P and K fertilizers affects the yield of tubers, their dry matter content and concentrations of elements. In 2009, potatoes tubers were collected in control, cattle slurry (CS), mineral N<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub> and combined CSN<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub> treatment of the Ruzyně Fertilizer and Crop Rotation Experiment established on Illimerized Luvisol in Prague (Czech Republic) in 1955. Amount of N, P and K supplied by CS was 138, 30 and 172 kg/ha and the amount supplied by N<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub> was 110, 31 and 186 kg/ha. Yield of fresh potatoes ranged from 20.6 in the control up to 31.2 t/ha in CSN<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub> treatment. Dry matter content of unpeeled tubers, peeled tubers and potato peels was not significantly affected by fertilizer treatments probably because of not excessive N application. Normal cropping practices with application of CS and mineral N, P and K fertilizers did not significantly increase concentrations of trace elements in peeled tubers or potato peels on neutral soil with low trace elements availability. Concentrations of many elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) were higher in potato peels than in peeled tubers, but the differences in the case of trace elements were relatively small. &nbsp;

Growth and chemical composition of carrots as influenced by the time of sowing and harvest

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Long Term Storage

SummaryThe effects of the time of sowing on growth and chemical composition of carrots grown from May to November were studied during 3 years.Delaying sowing for 1 or 2 months after the beginning of May resulted in a reduction in the growth of both roots and foliage and gave roots with lower dry-matter content and glucose/fructose ratio but higher amounts of hexoses, total nitrogen and amino nitrogen in root dry matter. Sowing date had no influence on the concentration of sucrose, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in root dry matter up to 137 days from sowing. Carotene decreased only after the last sowing. Sucrose concentration of the roots increased throughout the periods studied irrespective of the time of sowing. The longer the growing period the higher was the sucrose concentration. The concentration of hexoses decreased from the first harvest at 70 days to reach a constant level at about 130 days from sowing.The results did not indicate the presence of a well-defined stage of biochemical maturity in the autumn when carrot roots are expected as most suitable for harvest and subsequent long-term storage.

scholarly journals Оценка хранения лука репчатого в однолетней культуре в Нечерноземной зоне

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.R. Davletbaeva ◽  
M.G. Ibragimbekov ◽  
A.N. Khovrin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Standard Cultivar ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Preservation Rate

Представлена оценка сохранности сортов, гибридов и новых гибридных комбинаций лука репчатого выращенного в однолетней культуре в условиях Московской области. Лежкость селекционных образцов лука оценивали в период зимнего хранения, учитывали убыль массы, число усохших, пораженных и проросших луковиц. По количеству сохранившихся луковиц и динамике этих показателей оценивали сохранность образцов. Сохранность лука репчатого зависит еще от пригодности данного сорта или гибрида к длительному хранению и его вызревания. Полное вызревание лука характеризуется наличием сухих кроющих чешуй, усыханием листьев и шейки, высоким содержанием сахарозы и моносахаров. Такой лук хранится дольше и меньше поражается болезнями. Один из важных способов сокращения потерь лука репчатого при хранении является соблюдение низкотемпературного режима и соответствующей влажности воздуха. Для лучшей сохранности лука поддерживали температуру в хранилище около 12 С, относительной влажностью воздуха в пределах 75-80. Для этого лук закладывали в хранилище с оборудованными холодильными установками, автоматически регулирующими температуру, влажность и циркуляцию воздуха. Большинство образцов имели сохранность от 28,3 до 71,1, что составило более половины 69,2 изучаемых образцов. Самый низкий показатель сохранности имел образец 652/17 F1 (ШетAN 158 I3) и составил 28,3, также данный образец имел 42,3 проросших луковиц. Лучшую сохранность 95 и 94,6 показали образцы зарубежной селекции F1 Сантеро и F1 Премито (стандарт), при содержании сухого вещества 10,9 и 10,8 соответственно. Также хорошую сохранность среди гибридных комбинаций показал образец 652/2 F1 (Шет Поло I3) 85 с содержанием сухого вещества 10,2, уступив отечественному сорту Форвард (стандарт) на 1,8.An assessment of the safety of cultivars, hybrids and new hybrid combinations of onion grown in an annual culture in the Moscow region is presented. The yield of selected onion samples was evaluated during winter storage, taking into account the loss of weight, the number of dried, affected and sprouted bulbs. The number of preserved bulbs and the dynamics of these indicators were used to assess the safety of samples. The safety of onions depends on the suitability of this variety or hybrid for long-term storage and its aging. Full maturation of onions is characterized by the presence of dry covering scales, drying of leaves and neck, high content of sucrose and monosaccharides. This onion is stored longer and less affected by diseases. One of the important ways to reduce the loss of onions during storage is to observe a low-temperature regime and appropriate humidity. For better preservation of onions, the storage temperature was maintained at about 1-2 C, with a relative humidity of 75-80. To do this, the onion was placed in a storage with equipped refrigeration units that automatically regulate temperature, humidity and air circulation. The majority of samples had a safety of 28.3 to 71.1, which was more than half-69.2 of the studied samples. The lowest preservation rate was for the 652/17 F1 sample (ShetAN 158 I3) and was 28.3, and this sample also had 42.3 sprouted bulbs. The best preservation of 95 and 94.6 were shown by samples of foreign selection F1 Santero and F1 Premito (standard), with a dry matter content of 10.9 and 10.8, respectively. Also, the 652/2 F1 (Shet Polo I3) sample showed good preservation among hybrid combinations 85 with a dry matter content of 10.2, losing to the domestic Forvard (standard) cultivar by 1.8.

scholarly journals Relationship between dry matter content at harvest and maturity index and post-harvest quality of ‘Fuji’ apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo José Vieira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Argenta ◽  
James Peter Mattheis ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the relationship between dry matter content (DMC) and maturity index of ‘Fuji’ apple fruit sports (‘Mishima’, ‘Fuji Select’ and ‘Fuji Suprema’) during the final stage of fruit growth, and the relationship between DMC at harvest and the post-harvest fruit quality. Fruit were harvested from orchards of three regions (Caçador, São Joaquim and Vacaria), on two rootstocks (M9 and Marubakaido with M9 interstock). In experiment 1 (2014), fruit were periodically sampled beginning 83 days before the commercial harvest period. In experiment 2, fruit were harvested at optimum maturity for long-term storage and stored in air at 0.5 ºC (2014) or after optimum maturity for long-term storage and stored in controlled atmosphere at 0.7 ºC (2014 and 2015). Apple fruit maturity on the tree was characterized by decreased flesh firmness and increased starch index and soluble solids content (SS) and by a small change in DMC. DMC at harvest was correlated with flesh firmness and SS in one of two years, but DMC was not correlated with the incidence of disorders after storage. The results show that DMC at harvest is not suitable as a maturity index of ‘Fuji’ apples, and its use as a post-harvest quality predictor is not consistent between crop years.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INTRODUCED VARIETIES OF EASTERN PERSIMMON IN THE DRY SUBTROPICS OF SOUTHERN DAGESTAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
A. V. Ryndin ◽  
N. G. Zagirov ◽  
N. A. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Long Term Studies ◽  
Phenological Phases

The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, development and biochemical composition of the introduced varieties of eastern persimmon in the conditions of Southern Dagestan. Long-term studies for 2015-2018 were carried out with the use of generally accepted programs and classical methods of sorting and selection studies. As a result, the biological features of the passage of phenological phases of development of introduced varieties of persimmon eastern specific territory were studied to optimize plantings in industrial plantations and peasant farms, persimmon varieties were proposed that are characterized by valuable economic and biological characteristics and properties with the aim of increasing yields, where the fruit harvest from 1 tree and the yield from 1 ha is allocated the East Hiakume persimmon variety (317.2 g; 58.6 kg and 293.0 c/ha). According to the peculiarities of growth and development in cultivation in the conditions of Southern Dagestan, it was found that the highest height of the tree is the Hachia variety (4.74), the crown diameter the Giro variety (4.26), and the trunk circle the Hachia variety (31.7 cm). A biochemical analysis of the fruits of the main assortment of Eastern persimmon fruits was performed, which showed that the Hachia variety was distinguished by the dry matter content, the amount of sugars and vitamin C (19.3%, 13.6% and 46.5 mg%, respectively).

scholarly journals SOME IDEAS FOR MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF COW CONDITIONIN A SUCKLER COW HERD DURING PRE-CALVING PERIOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
H. Scholz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
And Control

Cow management and feeding during pre-and post-calving periods is one of the factors of the economic effi-ciency of animal husbandry. There are various methods of feeding lactating cows but at the same time this topic is understudied in Germany. The experiment is based on long-term data on the birth rate and weight of calves at the Eden agricultural enterprise (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) which was chosen as the main one for the study. The av-erage live weight of calves obtained from first-calf cows was 52 ± 8 kg at birth. The data on the live weight of calves obtained from cows of the first, second, and third lactations are presented. The differences in the live weight of calves revealed immediately after birth. Estimative de-scription of the condition of lactating cows is given. The dependence of the feeding of cows on the quality of the feed material, the content of protein and dry matter is shown. On average, the diet consisted of 99% of forages and had dry matter content of 38 ±6%. The average ener-gy content was 9.8 MJ ME or 5.9 MJ NEL per kilogram of dry matter. Various diets for dry cows were also studied. During the experiment, only the proportions of straw in the diet were changed so that practical conclusions could be drawn. In total, 3 variants were used: TMR with 30% of straw [TMR 1], TMR with 60% of straw [TMR 2] and feed-ing with silage from pure grass after calving. Brief recom-mendations are proposed in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Hygienic Aspects of Cattle Slurry Storage as the Most Popular and Cheapest Method of Handling Liquid Animal Excrements / Higieniczne aspekty składowania gnojowicy bydlęcej jako najpopularniejszej i najtańszej metody postępowania z płynnymi odchodami zwierzęcymi

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Halina Olszewska ◽  
Karolina Jadwiga Skowron ◽  
Piotr Paluszak ◽  
Barbara Breza-Boruta
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slurry Storage

Abstract Slurry is a very valuable natural fertilizer, but its improper use in agriculture poses a serious sanitary threat. Therefore its treatment before use for fertilization is advisable. One of such methods, which is still the most popular, is storage of liquid excrements. The aim of this study was to estimate the sanitization effectiveness of storage at 4ºC and 20ºC based on parameters describing the kinetics of changes in the population of some indicator bacteria in cattle slurry with different dry matter content. The material for the study was fresh cattle slurry. The liquid excrements used in the experiment had a dry matter content of 2, 6 and 14%. Slurry was stored at 4ºC and 20ºC. Bacilli of Salmonella Dublin, E. coli and enterococci were used as indicator bacteria. Number of microorganisms was determined based on MPN method in a 3-tube design. Basic parameters of the bacteria inactivation kinetics were calculated and statistical analysis was made using the program SAS 9.2 PL. In stored slurry a gradual elimination of all the studied microorganisms was observed. Hygienization effect of storage was smaller at 4ºC than at 20ºC and in excrements with a high dry matter content. Depending on storage temperature and dry matter proportion, the theoretical times of survival ranged from 81.85 to 220.80 days for bacilli of Salmonella Dublin, from 74.93 to 199.36 days for E. coli, and from 118.67 to 335.84 days for enterococci. The study showed explicitly that statutory time of slurry storage is insufficient to ensure its complete hygienization.

scholarly journals Integrating maize and triticale in grass/clover based dairy systems: examining yields and autumn soil nitrate levels

2013 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
J.B. Pinxterhuis ◽  
H.C. De Boer ◽  
N.J.M. Van Eekeren ◽  
M.W.J. Stienezen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Different Levels

To establish N-efficient crop rotations with perennial ryegrass/white clover, maize and triticale, a 9-year field experiment was executed on an organic experimental farm in the Netherlands. Crop rotations with different levels of slurry (dairy effluent from the free-stall barn, average dry matter content of 7%) application were tested for dry matter (DM) yield, N yield, soil mineral N in autumn, soil organic matter and soil organic N. Maize cropping and slurry application both increased annual DM yield. However, the second year of grass/ clover following maize, maize itself and slurry applications each resulted in higher soil mineral N in autumn, increasing the risk of nitrate leaching losses. A rotation of 4 years of grass/clover, 2 years of maize and 1 year of triticale resulted in relatively high average annual DM production (12 t DM/ha/year) for Dutch conditions, with a higher potential N leaching loss in 2 out of 7 years. Keywords: crop rotation, grass clover, maize, triticale, N efficiency, soil mineral N

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