scholarly journals The significance of methionine, histidine and tryptophan in plant responses and adaptation to cadmium stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zemanová ◽  
M. Pavlík ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
P. Tlustoš
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Soil Amino Acids ◽  
Cd Contamination

Noccaea caerulescens (NC) and Arabidopsis halleri (AH) were studied to compare cadmiunm (Cd) accumulation and resistance. After 30, 60 and 90 days of plant cultivation in Cd contaminated soil (Cd1 = 30, Cd2 = 60 and Cd3 = 90 mg Cd/kg soil) amino acids were determined in plants. The comparison between both species showed that Cd stress resulted in different changes of amino acids levels playing a significant role in plant adaptation to Cd stress. Our analyses indicated higher accumulations of amino acids in the roots of NC compared to AH. Contrasting responses of plants to Cd contamination were confirmed in methionine metabolism. Methionine was determined only in roots of AH after 30 and 60 days of plant cultivation. Free methionine content decreased with increasing Cd contamination (Cd3 treatment – 40% decrease compared to the control treatment). Our results also showed that NC contains more than 10-fold higher content of histidine than AH. These observations indicated that this amino acid may be involved in Cd resistance and accumulation by reducing oxidative damage. Tryptophan plays a major role in the regulation of plant development and in defense responses. Its significant increase for NC treatments in contrast to AH treatments was determined.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic light reactions in Oryza sativa L. under Cd stress: Influence of iron, calcium, and zinc supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Abin Sebastian ◽  
M. N. V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Linear Electron ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Ca Ions ◽  
Zinc Supplements ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Stress Influence

Abstract Some mineral nutrients may help to alleviate cadmium stress in plants. Therefore, influence of Fe, Ca, and Zn supplements on photosynthesis light reactions under Cd stress studied in two Indian rice cultivars namely, MO-16 and MTU-7029 respectively. Exogenous application of both Fe and Ca ions helped to uphold quantum efficiency and linear electron transport during Cd stress. Also, recovery of biomass noticed during Cd treatment with Fe and Ca supplements. It was found that accumulation of carotenoids as well as non photochemical quenching enhances with Fe, Ca, and Zn supplements. Chlorophyll a/b ratio increased with Cd accumulation as a strategy to increase light harvest. Lipid peroxidation level was ascertained the highest during Cd plus Zn treatments. Above results point that both Fe and Ca ions supplements help to alleviate Cd stress on photosynthesis light reactions of rice plants.

scholarly journals Response of Antioxidative Enzymes to Cadmium Stress in Leaves and Roots of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Saad EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Amal A. MOHAMED ◽  
Mohamed M. RASHED
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Cd Exposure

Presented study has demonstrated that exposure of plants to toxic heavy metal Cd results a reduction in plant growth. Varied concentrations of CdCl2, ranging from 0.0 to 50 ppm in the germinating media reduced leaf area of radish plant, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Greater loss of chlorophyll b content than chlorophyll a was observed especially under 50 ppm Cd exposure. With regards to the distribution of Cd in roots and leaves, the obtained data showed that the maximum accumulation of Cd occurred in roots followed by leaves. Generally, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu declined in leaves compared to the roots. Furthermore, substantial increases were observed in antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD), in Cd-stressed plants in comparison with control. The Cd stress also induced several changes in CAT and POD isozyme profiles and enhanced their activities. The results suggest that the reduction of leaf area and pigment content together with antioxidant enzymes and isozyme patterns can be used as indicators to Cd contamination.

scholarly journals A MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade regulates cadmium tolerance in arabidopsis

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. e1009636
Author(s):  
Xingxing Yan ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Qingliu Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Cascade ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Cadmium Tolerance ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Our previous studies showed that MAN3-mediated mannose plays an important role in plant responses to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways involved are poorly understood. In this study, we showed that an Arabidopsis MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade is involved in the regulation of plant Cd tolerance. Loss-of-function of MNB1 (mannose-binding-lectin 1) led to decreased Cd accumulation and tolerance, whereas overexpression of MNB1 significantly enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance. Consistently, expression of the genes involved in the GSH-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway (such as GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2) was significantly reduced in the mnb1 mutants but markedly increased in the MNB1-OE lines in the absence or presence of Cd stress, which was positively correlated with Cd-activated PC synthesis. Moreover, we found that mannose is able to bind to the GNA-related domain of MNB1, and that mannose binding to the GNA-related domain of MNB1 is required for MAN3-mediated Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis. Further analysis showed that MYB4 directly binds to the promoter of MAN3 to positively regulate the transcript of MAN3 and thus Cd tolerance via the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Consistent with these findings, overexpression of MAN3 rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the myb4 mutant but not the mnb1 mutant, whereas overexpression of MNB1 rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the myb4 mutant. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that a MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade regulates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis through the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptomic Response of Grey Poplar (Populus ×canescens Aiton Sm.) to Cadmium Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Martina Komárková ◽  
Jakub Chromý ◽  
Eva Pokorná ◽  
Petr Soudek ◽  
Pavlína Máchová
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Transcript Amount

(1) Background: Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. is a fast-growing woody plant belonging to the family Salicaceae. Two poplar genotypes characterized by unique phenotypic traits (TP11 and TP20) were chosen to be characterized and tested for a physiological and transcriptomic response to Cd stress. (2) Methods: A comparative analysis of the effects of exposure to high cadmium (Cd) concentrations (10 µM and 100 µM) of TP11 and TP20 was performed. (3) Results: Neither of the tested Cd concentration negatively affected plant growth; however, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased. The potassium (K) content was higher in the shoots than in the roots. The magnesium concentrations were only slightly affected by Cd treatment. The zinc content in the shoots of TP20 was lower than that in the shoots of TP11. Cd accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots. After 10 days of exposure, 10 µM Cd resulted in comparable amounts of Cd in the roots and shoots of TP20. The most significant change in transcript amount was observed in endochitinase 2, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 and phi classglutathione S-transferase. (4) Conclusions: Our study provided new insights for effective assessing the ability of different poplar genotypes to tolerate Cd stress and underlying Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals RNA-Seq Identification of Cd Responsive Transporters Provides Insights into the Association of Oxidation Resistance and Cd Accumulation in Cucumis sativus L.

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1973
Author(s):  
Shengjun Feng ◽  
Yanghui Shen ◽  
Huinan Xu ◽  
Junyang Dong ◽  
Kexin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Cd Transport

Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) has grown rapidly and has become a major force for cucumber production in China. In highly intensive GVP systems, excessive fertilization results in soil acidification, increasing Cd accumulation and oxidative stress damage in vegetables as well as increasing health risk of vegetable consumers. Therefore, enhancing antioxidant capacity and activating the expression level of Cd transporter genes seem to be feasible solutions to promote plant resistance to Cd stress and to reduce accumulated Cd concentration. Here, we used transcriptomics to identify five cucumber transporter genes (CsNRAMP1, CsNRAMP4, CsHMA1, CsZIP1, and CsZIP8) in response to cadmium stress, which were involved in Cd transport activity in yeast. Ionomics, gene expression, and REDOX reaction level association analyses have shown that the transcript of CsNRAMP4 was positively correlated with Cd accumulation and antioxidant capacity of cucumber roots. The expression level of CsHMA1 was negatively correlated with Cd-induced antioxidant capacity. The overexpression of CsHMA1 significantly relieved Cd stress-induced antioxidant activities. In addition, shoots with high CsHMA2 expression remarkably presented Cd bioaccumulation. Grafting experiments confirmed that CsHMA1 contributed to the high antioxidant capacity of cucumber, while CsHMA2 was responsible for the transport of Cd from the roots to the shoots. Our study elucidated a novel regulatory mechanism for Cd transport and oxidative damage removal in horticultural melons and provided a perspective to regulate Cd transport artificially by modulating Cd accumulation and resistance in plants.

scholarly journals PDF1.5 Enhances Adaptation to Low Nitrogen Levels and Cadmium Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10455
Author(s):  
Zhimin Wu ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Ningyan Yue ◽  
Haixing Song ◽  
Jinsong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Nitrate Transporter ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Metal Transporter ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Environmental acclimation ability plays a key role in plant growth, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we determined the involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana PLANT DEFENSIN 1 gene AtPDF1.5 in the adaptation to low nitrogen (LN) levels and cadmium (Cd) stress. Histochemical analysis revealed that AtPDF1.5 was mainly expressed in the nodes and carpopodium and was significantly induced in plants exposed to LN conditions and Cd stress. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AtPDF1.5 was cell wall- and cytoplasm-localized. AtPDF1.5 overexpression significantly enhanced adaptation to LN and Cd stress and enhanced the distribution of metallic elements. The functional disruption of AtPDF1.5 reduced adaptations to LN and Cd stress and impaired metal distribution. Under LN conditions, the nitrate transporter AtNRT1.5 expression was upregulated. Nitrate transporter AtNRT1.8 expression was downregulated when AtPDF1.5 was overexpressed, resulting in enhanced transport of NO3− to shoots. In response to Cd treatment, AtPDF1.5 regulated the expression of metal transporter genes AtHMP07, AtNRAMP4, AtNRAMP1, and AtHIPP3, resulting in higher Cd accumulation in the shoots. We conclude that AtPDF1.5 is involved in the processing or transmission of signal substances and plays an important role in the remediation of Cd pollution and LN adaptation.

Coupled Metabolome With Physiology Unveiled Mechanisms for Cadmium Affecting Active Ingredients Synthesis in Salvia Miltiorrhiza, A Non-cd-hyperaccumulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Haihui Fu ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract BackgroundCadmium (Cd) poses threats to human health by affecting the safety (Cd accumulation) and quantity (contents of active ingredients) of Salvia miltiorrhiza due to human activities and Cd characteristics. It remains largely unknown how Cd stress affects the synthesis of active ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza. ResultsHere we investigated physiologies (contents of Cd, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, and activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT)), transfer factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza at different levels of Cd contamination with a pot experiment. The results revealed that Cd concentration, as it rose in soil, increased significantly in roots and leaves with TFs and BCFs below 1 in the Cd addition groups; POD and CAT activities and proline content increased and then declined significantly. Besides, amino acids and organic acids (especially D-glutamine (D-Gln), L-aspartic acid (L-Asp), L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), L-tyrosine (L-Try), geranylgeranyl-PP (GGPP), and rosmarinic acid (RA)) contributed more than other metabolites in discriminating roots under different levels of Cd contamination. With Cd concentration rising, the relative content of GGPP declined and then increased significantly; RA content rose significantly; content of L-Phe and L-Try increased and then declined significantly, while the content of D-Gln and L-Try decreased and then increased significantly. Conclusions These results suggested that S. miltiorrhiza belonged to a non-Cd-hyperaccumulator with most Cd accumulated in roots; Cd enhanced the RA synthesis via regulating amino acid metabolism but inhibited the tanshinone synthesis mainly by declining the GGPP content, with proline, POD and CAT playing vital roles in resisting Cd stress.

scholarly journals Metabolic Profiles of Brassica juncea Roots in Response to Cadmium Stress

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Piaopiao Tan ◽  
Chaozhen Zeng ◽  
Chang Wan ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Xujie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid Metabolism

Brassica juncea has great application potential in phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil because of its excellent Cd accumulating and high biomass. In this study, we compared the effects of Cd under 48 h and 7 d stress in roots of Brassica juncea using metabolite profiling. The results showed that many metabolic pathways and metabolites in Brassica juncea roots were altered significantly in response to Cd stress. We found that significant differences in levels of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and indoles were induced by Cd stress at different times, which played a pivotal role in the adaptation of Brassica juncea roots to Cd stress. Meanwhile, Brassica juncea roots could resist 48 h Cd stress by regulating the biosynthesis of amino acids, linoleic acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, arginine biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; however, they regulated alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, and linoleic acid metabolism to resist 7 d Cd stress. A metabolomic expedition to the response of Brassica juncea to Cd stress will help to comprehend its tolerance and accumulation mechanisms of Cd.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of sassafras seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Juelan Guan ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Xueyuan Zhang ◽  
Hongling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

AbstractThe effects of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sassafras tzumu Hemsl. were studied in pot experiments. Five Cd levels were tested [CT(Control Treatment) : 0 mg/kg, Cd5: 5 mg/kg, Cd20: 20 mg/kg, Cd50: 50 mg/kg, and Cd100: 100 mg/kg]. The growth and physiological characteristics of the sassafras seedlings in each level were measured. The results showed that soil Cd had negative influences on sassafras growth and reduced the net growth of plant height and the biomass of leaf, branch and root. Significant reductions were recorded in root biomass by 18.18%(Cd5), 27.35%(Cd20), 27.57%(Cd50) and 28.95%(Cd100). The contents of hydrogen peroxide decreased first then increased while malondialdehyde showed the opposite trend with increasing cadmium concentration. Decreases were found in hydrogen peroxide contents by 10.96%(Cd5), 11.82%(Cd20) and 7.02%(Cd50); increases were found in malondialdehyde contents by 15.47%(Cd5), 16.07%(Cd20) and 7.85%(Cd50), indicating that cadmium stress had a certain effect on the peroxidation of the inner cell membranes in the seedlings that resulted in damage to the cell membrane structure. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased among treatments by 17.05%(Cd5), 10,68%(Cd20), 20.85%(Cd50) and 8.91%(Cd100), while peroxidase activity increased steadily with increasing cadmium concentration; these results suggest that peroxidase is likely the main protective enzyme involved in the reactive oxygen removal system in sassafras seedlings. Upward trends were observed in proline content by 90.76%(Cd5), 74.36%(Cd20), 99.73%(Cd50) and 126.01%(Cd100). The increase in proline content with increasing cadmium concentration indicated that cadmium stress induced proline synthesis to resist osmotic stress in the seedlings. Compared to that in CT, the soluble sugar content declined under the different treatments by 32.84%(Cd5), 5.85%(Cd20), 25.55%(Cd50) and 38.69%(Cd100). Increases were observed in the soluble protein content by 2.34%(Cd5), 21.36%(Cd20), 53.15%(Cd50) and 24.22%(Cd100). At different levels of cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content in the seedlings first increased and then decreased, and it was higher in the Cd5 and Cd20 treatments than that in the CT treatment. These results reflected that cadmium had photosynthesis-promoting effects at low concentrations and photosynthesis-suppressing effects at high concentrations. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic light-response parameters showed downward trends with increasing cadmium concentration compared with those in CT; these results reflected the negative effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis in sassafras seedlings.

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