scholarly journals Potato nutritional status at the onset of tuberisation – a yield prediction tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Frąckowiak ◽  
Jarosław Potarzycki ◽  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Witold Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Complex Statistical Analysis ◽  
N Fertilisers ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Single Predictor

A reliable tuber yield prognosis requires a complex statistical analysis of potato nutritional status in the fully developed 4<sup>th</sup> leaf at the onset of tuberisation. This hypothesis was validated in the series of field experiments conducted in 2006–2008 in Poland. The experimental design was composed of two nitrogen (N) rates (60, 120 kg/ha), two N fertilisers (Urea and Agrotain), two rates of sulfur (0, 50 kg/ha). The marketable tuber yield of cv. Zeus ranged from 31.3 to 59.3 t/ha in 2008 and 2006, respectively. Despite annual variability, the potato presented a good nutritional status. In 2008, the contents of N, Mg, Cu and Zn were about 33% lower as compared to 2006. The stepwise and path analyses indicated N, Mg and Cu as the key yield-limiting nutrients. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) showed that a slight imbalance of N and Mg did not disturb tuber yield, provided a positive balance of K was maintained. The Mg index, as a result of the DRIS procedure, emerged as the best single predictor of potato yield.  

Nitrogen rate and source effects on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid composition of potato Russet Burbank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqi Wen ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Mohamed Khelifi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
N Sources ◽  
N Rates

The foliar chemicals in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) could affect the growth and development of agricultural pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Thus, altering the chemical composition of potato leaves could potentially supplement integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, field experiments were conducted in Quebec, Canada, to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and sources on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid concentrations and tuber yield of potato cv. Russet Burbank. Three N fertilizer sources of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and polymer-coated urea were used at four N rates of 60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha-1 plus an unfertilized control in a randomized complete block design. The fourth leaves from the top of twenty randomly selected plants in each plot were collected at 54, 68, and 82 days after planting for sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid analysis. Tubers were collected at harvest, and the total and marketable yields were measured. Results showed that N fertilization linearly decreased sugar concentrations and these reduced sugars were conveyed and stored in tubers as starch. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in leaves were influenced by N sources and rates. Both total and marketable yields quadratically varied with increasing N rates regardless of N sources, with average values of 36.4 and 28.3 Mg ha-1, respectively. Since N rate affected potato foliar chemical composition and tuber yield, N fertilization could be considered as a supplemental tool to the IPM strategy for potato pest control.

scholarly journals Production potential of newly released potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars under different nitrogen levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Das ◽  
H Banerjee ◽  
A Chakraborty ◽  
A Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Positive Balance

Field experiments were conducted during rabi seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 at C-unit research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India to study the effects of different levels of nitrogen on the productivity of newly released potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars under lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications having ten treatment combinations viz. two levels of newly released cultivars (V1 - Kufri Himalini and V2 - Kufri Shailja) as factor A and five levels of nitrogen (N0 -0 kg ha-1, N75 -75 kg ha-1, N150 -150 kg ha-1 N225-225 kg ha-1 N300 -300 kg ha-1) as factor B. Experimental results revealed that highest tuber yield (25.77 t ha-1) was recorded with Kufri Himalini receiving 300 kg N ha-1 followed by 24.64 t ha-1 and 23.64 t ha-1 with 225 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg N ha-1 respectively which is quite higher than the state average of 22.02 t ha-1 obtained from the state recommended dose of 200 kg N ha-1, 150 P2O5 ha-1 and150 K2O ha-1. Thus recently released variety Kufri Himalini, having moderate resistance against late blight, which is a serious problem in the state at present can be a better option for the farmers of the state to raise the potato production. Kufri Himalini produced significantly higher (14.1%) total tuber yield over Kufri Shailja and it was found to be more acceptable to the farmers in terms of production of marketable tuber (> 75 g grade). Grade wise tuber yield of potato was significantly influenced by N levels. Irrespective of cultivars application of 300 kg N ha-1 along with recommended dose of P and K recorded the highest total potato tuber yield (23.55 t ha-1) which was found statistically at par with the application of 225 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg N ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization improved the tuber yield of potato by 49.5 to 82.1% over control. Kufri Himalini was more responsive to fertilizer nitrogen than Kufri Shailja as it recorded higher agronomic efficiency (AEN), apparent recovery (REN) and physiological efficiency (PEN) at all nitrogen levels. There was a positive balance of nitrogen found in all treatments. Net gain of soil N was highest with ‘Kufri Himalini’ receiving 150 kg N ha-1. Kufri Himalini gave highest net return with 300 kg N ha-1.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 121-130 (2015)

scholarly journals Reduced Dosage of Methyl Bromide for Controlling Verticillium Wilt of Potato in Experimental and Commercial Plots

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gamliel ◽  
A. Grinstein ◽  
Y. Peretz ◽  
L. Klein ◽  
A. Nachmias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Commercial Applications

The use of gas-impermeable films to reduce the dosage of methyl bromide (MB) required to control Verticillium wilt in potatoes was examined in field experiments, conducted in soils naturally infested with Verticillium dahliae. The incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt were significantly reduced (by 74 to 94%) by fumigation with MB at 50 g/m2 under standard low density polyethylene (LDPE) or at 25 g/m2 under gas-impermeable films. Fumigation at 25 g/m2 under LDPE was less effective. Disease severity was inversely correlated (r2 = 0.89 to 0.91) with chlorophyll content in the leaves. Fumigation also reduced (by 89 to 100%) stem colonization by the pathogen. Potato yield in the fumigated plots was significantly higher (26 to 69%), than in their nonfumigated counterparts, and was inversely correlated with disease index (r2 = 0.69 to 0.9). The percentage of high-value tubers (above 45 g) was 52 to 56% of total yield in the fumigated plots as compared with 32 to 40% in the nonfumigated controls. Thus, fumigation also improved the commercial quality of tuber yield. Effective control of V. dahliae and yield increases following MB fumigation at the recommended dosage or at a reduced dosage with gas-impermeable films was also observed in a consecutive crop. These results were verified in a large-scale field experiment using commercial applications, further demonstrating the feasibility of reducing MB dosages under farm conditions, without reducing its effectiveness in terms of disease control and yield improvement.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Weed Mapping and Precision Herbicide Spraying System for Row Crops

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Xu ◽  
Zongmei Gao ◽  
Lav Khot ◽  
Xiaotian Meng ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Weed Detection ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Weed Mapping

This study developed and field tested an automated weed mapping and variable-rate herbicide spraying (VRHS) system for row crops. Weed detection was performed through a machine vision sub-system that used a custom threshold segmentation method, an improved particle swarm optimum (IPSO) algorithm, capable of segmenting the field images. The VRHS system also used a lateral histogram-based algorithm for fast extraction of weed maps. This was the basis for determining real-time herbicide application rates. The central processor of the VRHS system had high logic operation capacity, compared to the conventional controller-based systems. Custom developed monitoring system allowed real-time visualization of the spraying system functionalities. Integrated system performance was then evaluated through field experiments. The IPSO successfully segmented weeds within corn crop at seedling growth stage and reduced segmentation error rates to 0.1% from 7.1% of traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm. IPSO processing speed was 0.026 s/frame. The weed detection to chemical actuation response time of integrated system was 1.562 s. Overall, VRHS system met the real-time data processing and actuation requirements for its use in practical weed management applications.

Use of a simple model to study factors affecting the size distribution of tubers in potato crops

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Z. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Potato Crops

SummaryA simple mathematical model of the distribution of potato tuber yield between size grades is presented. It has two parameters, μ, a measure of crop tuber size and σ, a measure of the spread of yield across size grades. The model is shown to be useful for the analysis of field experiments, the prediction and physiological study of tuber size distribution, and the economic analysis of management decisions. The model is applied to a variety of dataandthe practical control of tuber size discussed.

scholarly journals The Unexploited Potential of Nutrient Analysis in Potato Tissues at the Onset of Tuberization for Tuber Yield Prediction

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Karolina Frąckowiak ◽  
Jarosław Potarzycki ◽  
Jean Diatta ◽  
Witold Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
N Content ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Potato Tuberization ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Yield Decrease

Nutrient analysis of potato leaves in early growth is not sufficient for a reliable prediction of tuber yield. This hypothesis was verified based on a field experiment conducted during 2006–2008. The experimental factors were: nitrogen (N) rates (60, 120 kg ha−1), fertilizers (Urea, Urea + inhibitor—NBPT ([N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide]), and sulfur rates (0, 50 kg ha−1). Plant material for nutrient determination (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu), which included leaves, stems, and stolons + roots (R+S), was sampled at BBCH 39/40. The marketable tuber yield (MTY) was in the ranges of 43–75, 44–70, and 24–38 t ha−1, in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The MTY and contents of N, Zn, and Cu, irrespective of the potato tissue, showed the same seasonal pattern, reaching the lowest values in the dry 2008. The N content in stems was the best tuber yield predictor. A shortage of K in stems and Mg and Cu in R+S, due to the opposite effect of Ca, reduced the N content. An N:Ca ratio in stems greater than 10:1 resulted in yield decrease. A reliable indication of nutrients limiting the tuber yield at the onset of potato tuberization requires data on the nutrient status in both leaves and stems.

scholarly journals The early prognosis of tuber yield based on nitrogen status in potato tops

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Jarosław Potarzycki ◽  
Maria Biber
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
N Content ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
June July ◽  
N Management

The pattern of nitrogen net change (ΔN) in potato tops during the period extending from BBCH 33 to BBCH 40 is crucial for tuber yield (TY). This hypothesis was verified based on data from field experiments (2006–2008) with sequentially added nutrients (0, NP, NPK, NPKS, NPKSMg) to potato. The water shortage in June/July 2006 and in June 2008 significantly affected N content, and in turn TY. The TY was reduced by 38% in 2006 and by 23% in 2008, as compared to 2007 (53.7 t/ha). The N content in potato tops at BBCH 40 of 2.5% indicated the lowest TY, whereas 4.3% the maximum TY. The ΔN of +0.4% within the period from BBCH 33 to BBCH 40 determined the optimal range of the N content for the maximum TY (3.9–4.3%). The ΔN trend depended on the change of phosphorus and potassium contents. The key reason of N inefficiency was the shortage of potassium (K), resulting in its negligible change within this period. The pattern of zinc content at BBCH 40 reflected fairly well disturbances in N as well as K supply to potato. A good supply of K and Zn to potato can improve N management just before tuber initiation.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertilization and microbial preparations on potato yielding

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Average Tuber Weight

The effect of nitrogen fertilization and microbial preparations on yielding and development of potato tuber yield components were assessed in field experiments conducted under soil conditions of Luvic Chernozem. The factors of the experiment were nitrogen fertilization levels: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha and the following preparations: BactoFil B10, effective microorganisms and UG<sub>max</sub> soil fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilization caused a significant increase in marketable yield of potato tubers. Yield increments on individual fertilizer treatments ranged from 66% to 140%. An evident effect of this factor was also visible regarding the yield components values. Increase in the number of main stems per 1 m<sup>2</sup> under the influence of growing nitrogen doses occurred from the fertilization level 120 kg N/ha, whereas the number of tubers per 1 stem increased only to the level of 60 kg N/ha. Each nitrogen dose applied within the range to 180 kg N/ha caused a marked increase in an average tuber weight. Conducted investigations demonstrated an unfavourable effect of microbial preparations on the marketable crop yield of tubers and formation of yield components. On the objects where microbial preparations were applied, the marketable yield was lower by 1.5 to 2.3 t/ha than in the control. Analysis of linear regression revealed occurrence of significant dependencies between the total tuber yield and the values of individual yield components. The relationships were the most visible for an average tuber weight formation as evidenced by the value of coefficient of determination&nbsp;(R<sup>2</sup> = 0.983).

Assessing specific agronomic responses of wheat cultivars in a winter rainfall environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
A. J. van Burgel ◽  
D. L. Sharma ◽  
B. J. Shackley ◽  
C. M. Zaicou-Kunesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
A Site ◽  
N Rates

When new wheat cultivars are released for commercial production it is desirable to assist farmers to maximise the yield advantage by providing information about their responses to agronomic practices such as seeding rate and nitrogen (N) fertiliser. Over 3 years in 22 field experiments in the Mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia the response to seed rate and applied N fertiliser of current and recently released wheat cultivars was measured in factorial experiments under rain-fed conditions. A cross-site analysis showed that the environment × cultivar (location and year) or management (seed rate and N rate) interactions were relatively minor, explaining only 5% or less of the yield variation, in contrast to 89% accounted for by the environment. The analyses of individual experiments revealed that cultivars interacted more often with seeding rate (12 sites) than with applied N fertiliser rates (4 sites). Further, despite a frequent occurrence, the cultivar × seed rate interaction had only a marginal practical significance because the cultivar rankings at a site varied with season and the differences in optimum plant population were greater between sites and seasons than between cultivars at a site. The number of sites with positive and significant cultivar × N rate interaction was insufficient to generalise about the validity of the responses. The lack of any large differences between cultivars for their response to either seed rate or N rate implies the presence of a high inherent ability for compensation among yield components, thereby enabling the cultivars to exhibit an apparently high similarity for response to input levels. As such, it was not possible to generalise across environments in making clear suggestions for farmers to follow in respect of managing new cultivars differently from each other. It was concluded that despite the apparent desirability of providing information about differences between new and existing cultivars in their responses to seed and N rates at the time of release, they are more likely to be found where the differences between the cultivars are large, the testing sites are chosen so as to reduce the yield variance, and the yield level achieved in the experiments is above 2 t/ha.

scholarly journals Assessment of metribuzin effects on potatoes using a method of very rapid fluorescence induction

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
I. Remešová
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Stable Conditions

Effects of increasing doses of the herbicidal preparation Sencor 70 WP (metribuzin a.i.) on selected potato varieties were studied in a&nbsp;field and pot experiments using very rapid fluorescence induction (vrFI). Tuber yield, and in pot experiments a&nbsp;tuber number and characteristics of the aboveground biomass were assessed. The curve of rapid induction goes through the O-J-I-P phases. The parameters Fo, Fv/Fp and rFj were measured. Based on changes in the vrFI parameters in comparison with controls, varieties were ranked according to sensitivity to metribuzin in field experiments. Keřkovsk&eacute; rohl&iacute;čky and Ukama were the most sensitive varieties and Impala the least sensitive variety. In pot experiments in the growth chamber, significant decrease in tuber weight vs controls was found in sensitive varieties Keřkovsk&eacute; rohl&iacute;čky (in 1998, 0.75 kg.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> Sencor 70 WP decreased tuber weight by 28% and 1.5 kg.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> by 89%) and Ukama (in 1997, at 1.5 kg.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> by 35%). Under stable conditions in the growth chamber, there were lower differences in the rFj parameter in these varieties in comparison with controls than in resistant ones. Based on this finding it can be assumed that the sensitivity of varieties can be determined according to rFj changes under stable ambient conditions.

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