scholarly journals Key scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of high economic importance in a Mediterranean area: host plants, bio-ecological characteristics, natural enemies and pest management strategies – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Ramzi ◽  
Grissa-Lebdi Kaouthar ◽  
Suma Pompeo ◽  
Mazzeo Gaetana ◽  
Russo Agatino
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Saissetia Oleae

Key scale insects that have long been considered as having high economic importance in Tunisia and for which several research studies and pest management programs have been undertaken include the mealybug species Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Planococcus citri Risso, the soft scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) and the armoured scale Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas). The host plants, bio-ecological aspects, auxiliary fauna of each of the aforementioned species as well as the related economic losses and pest management strategies adopted are explored and discussed. Among these species, P. ficus is considered herein as the most economically important in Tunisia. Still, the present contribution constitutes the first review article on key scale insects infesting plants in the South Mediterranean Maghreb area.

scholarly journals Assessment of the performance of some new insecticides for the control of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus in a Tunisian vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mansour ◽  
K. Grissa Lebdi ◽  
S. Rezgui
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Vine Mealybug

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) cause major economic losses in many Tunisian grapegrowing areas. In an attempt to improve management strategies for the Vine Mealybug (VM) Planococcus ficus (Signoret), three insecticides, imidacloprid, Prev-Am® and spirotetramat, were evaluated for their effect on this insect on vine, with reference to methidathion. The systemic insecticide spirotetramat (Movento® 150 OD) provided the greatest control performance of the VM populations, compared to the contact insecticide methidathion, the systemic insecticide imidacloprid applied through furrow irrigated system, and to Prev-Am®, a new contact biopesticide. Three weeks after treatment, VM eggs and adult females were missing from spirotetramat-treated vines. Additionally, spirotetramat supplied a long-residual activity against VM populations and prevented further spread of these insects on vine leaves. Therefore, this new systemic insecticide could be incorporated in an Integrated Pest Management program for VM control in Tunisian vineyards. Despite its short-residual activity, Prev-Am® was shown to be more effective than both methidathion and imidacloprid, mainly on VM eggs and L3 nymphs, and resulted in the highest level of VM L1-L2 nymph decrease on vine trunks. Hence, this biopesticide might prove useful for VM management in vineyards. 

scholarly journals Host plants for mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in grapevine crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Soares Cariri Lopes ◽  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
José Eudes de Morais Oliveira ◽  
Martin Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Maria de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Caatinga Biome ◽  
Dysmicoccus Brevipes ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are considered pest insects of economic importance in grapevine crops. They are highly polyphagous, feeding on host plants of about 250 families. This study aimed to identify host plants for mealybugs in grapevine crops, in the São Francisco Valley region, Brazil. The samples included weeds, ornamentals, windbreaks, fruit trees and native plants of the Caatinga biome. A total of 37 species of host plants for mealybugs were identified, distributed in 18 families. The Malvaceae family was the most frequent one, with eigth host species identified, followed by Fabaceae with four and Euphorbiaceae with three. Most of these host plants are being recorded here for the first time in association with mealybugs species. From the identified plant species, 24 are hosts for Maconelicoccus hirsutus, 16 for Phenacoccus solenopsis, one for Ferrisia virgata, one for Dysmicoccus brevipes and one for Planococcus citri. The obtained results are important to better understand the host plant diversity for mealybugs, in order to implement integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Computerized Synthesis of Information on the Scale Insects of the World

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Ben-Dov ◽  
Douglass R. Miller ◽  
G. Gibson ◽  
M. Kosztarab ◽  
K. Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Searchable Database ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Systematic Database

Systematic information on all aspects of agriculture is a significant tool in finding solutions to various problems. This project was initiated to develop a searchable database on taxonomy, host plants, geographic distribution, economic importance and control of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). A systematic database has been developed for 17 families of scale insects, namely, Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kerriidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Micrococcidae, Ortheziidae, Phenacoleachiidae, Phoenicococcidae and Pseudococcidae. These databases are now available on the Internet in ScaleNet - A Searchable Information System on Scale Insects - a Systematic Database of the Scale Insects of the World, (URL: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/scalenet.htm ). Since 1997, the year in which ScaleNet was first placed on the Internet, this site became the best worldwide source of information on scale insects. The most reliable evaluation is that the site was 'visited' during 1999 by more than 50,000 users. Messages from the clientele of the site clearly indicate that it is widely used by researchers, applied entomologists, quarantine officers, students as well as the general public.

OBSERVATIONS ON HOST PLANT INDUCED BEHAVIOR OF SCALE INSECTS AND THEIR ENDOPARASITES

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Saissetia Oleae ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Host Regulation

AbstractDifferences in the behavior of scale insects induced by their host plants has been observed, principally, in uniparental, bisexual, univoltine species. Behavior in endoparasites of such species also may be thus modified. The phenomena involved, reproductivity, sexuality, voltinism and, with the parasites, host-regulation, are related to the environmentally induced immunity of the host plant to its indigenous scale insects.This immunity, when not a regional phenomenon, is necessarily sporadic. When operative, it may he as complete as generic-immunity. Periodic host plant non-susceptibility is considered to he a physiological response to meteorological and edaphic conditions, a response usually rendering the plant temporarily unsuitable for coccid development. The interpolation of immune periods in the life of a coccid’s normal host plant necessarily disrupts the continuity of the host-regulative action of the coccid’s parasites. Host plant pheno-immunity was first clearly manifested in regions where Lecanium corni Bouché, L. tiliae (Linnaeus), and Saissetia oleae (Bernard) free of their regulative parasites, reproduced in great abundance. In regions to which these coccids are indigenous the limitation of their outbreaks to artificial monocultures attested to the obscure nature of host plant pheno-immunity. The cessation of host plant immunity to coccids, the subsequent heavy reinfestation, and then the parasitic elimination of the outbreak attested to the host-regulative power of parasitization.

Biparental mealybugs may be more promiscuous than we thought

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Silva ◽  
C. Mourato ◽  
M. Branco ◽  
Z. Mendel ◽  
J.C. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Mating History ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractKnowledge on the reproductive biology of target insect pest is essential for the effective implementation of pheromone-based pest management tactics. In mealybugs, the second largest family of scale insects, the existence of female multiple mating was recently suggested. In this study, we aimed at testing how general is this behavior in mealybugs, by investigating polygyny and polyandry in two cosmopolitan pest mealybugs, Planococcus citri and Pseudococcus calceolariae. Males of these species were able to mate an average of 11.9 and 13.3 females, respectively, during their lifespan. The number of fertilized females per male decreased with male age/mating history for both mealybugs. We found no differences in female fecundity and fertility, when fertilized by males with different mating history. When we used male age as a proxy of mating history, we observed a significant negative effect on female fecundity. The females of both species remained receptive after first copula and eventually mated multiple times. The percentage of remated females of P. citri decreased linearly with time since first copula, with some maintaining receptivity up to 24 h. Males showed no preference between virgin and mated females, in static-air olfactometer tests. We found no benefit of female multiple mating in relation to fecundity. In biparental mealybugs, the mating system of males is possibly scramble competition polygyny; and that of females is possibly polyandry, with female receptivity restricted to a relatively short period. We discuss the practical implications of the results for pest management.

THE SCALE INSECTS OF IRAN Part 1 THE ARMOURED SCALES (HEMIPTERA: COCCOMORPHA: DIASPIDIDAE)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4907 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-276
Author(s):  
MASUMEH MOGHADDAM ◽  
GILLIAN W. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Line Drawings

Iran is situated at the junctions of the Palaearctic and Oriental zoogeographical regions, and the Caspian, Baluchi and Irano-Tiranian floral zones, so it has a very diverse scale insect fauna. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) are economically important in forestry, agriculture and horticulture. This taxonomic account of the armoured scales (Diaspididae) of Iran is the first of three works planned to cover all the scale insects in the country. It provides a resource for accurate laboratory identification of all the species known to occur in Iran or that are likely to be found there. Keys to the families of scale insects found in Iran, and to the 49 genera and 144 species of Diaspididae found there, are provided. Detailed line drawings of all the species known to occur in Iran are provided to facilitate identification. These are accompanied by detailed descriptions, distribution data, information on natural enemies, economic importance and host-plants recorded in Iran. The main purpose of the work is to provide agricultural entomologists concerned with pest control and quarantine inspection worldwide with a reliable means of species identification. 

Brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Canada: recent establishment, occurrence, and pest status in southern Ontario

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Gariepy ◽  
H. Fraser ◽  
C.D. Scott-Dupree
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Recent Establishment

AbstractHalyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), has been intercepted numerous times in Canada, and overwintering BMSB adults have been reported by homeowners. However, established breeding populations were not detected before 2012. Here we report the occurrence of established populations of BMSB in southern Ontario, Canada and describe habitats, host plants, and collection efforts from 2012 to 2013. Tracking the phenology and spread of this pest in Ontario is critical for the development of integrated pest management strategies to prevent severe economic damage due to this pest.

Soil Nitrogen Movement under Sustainable Vegetable Production Systems

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 494f-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Johnson ◽  
Greg D. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Available Nitrogen

An experiment was established to determine the effect of different tillage practices, vegetable crop rotations, and pest management strategies on crop yield, plant diseases, pest and beneficial arthropods, weed species changes over time, and soil environmental consequences. This poster describes nitrogen movement from the various treatments over a 3-year rotation. The treatments are: 1) conventional tillage with chemically based IPM; 2) conventional tillage with biologically based IPM; 3) conservation tillage with chemically based IPM; 4) conservation tillage with biologically based IPM; and 5) conventional tillage with no fertilizer or pest management. Mid-season soil analyses with depth showed chemical-fertilized plowed and conservation-tilled treatments with more soil available nitrogen at most depths compared to the biological-based IPM systems (soybean meal was used as a nitrogen source). However, the biological-based systems did supply enough soil nitrogen to produce similar yield results as the chemical-based systems. Less soil nitrate was measured in the 30- to 90-cm depths at harvest from the biological-based systems than chemical-based systems. Conservation-tilled systems had greater nitrate with depth compared to conventional-tilled systems.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gut Bacteria on the Physiology of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier and Their Potential for the Control of This Pest

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Qian-Xia Liu ◽  
Zhi-Ping Su ◽  
Hui-Hui Liu ◽  
Sheng-Ping Lu ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Palm Weevil

Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a notorious pest, which infests palm trees and has caused great economic losses worldwide. At present, insecticide applications are still the main way to control this pest. However, pesticide resistance has been detected in the field populations of RPW. Thus, future management strategies based on the novel association biological control need be developed. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal tract of RPW is often colonized by multiple microbial species as mammals and model insects, and gut bacteria have been found to promote the growth, development and immune activity of RPW larvae by modulating nutrient metabolism. Furthermore, two peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), PGRP-LB and PGRP-S1, can act as the negative regulators to modulate the intestinal immunity to maintain the homeostasis of gut bacteria in RPW larvae. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the gut bacterial composition of RPW and their impact on the physiological traits of RPW larvae. In contrast with metazoans, it is much easier to make genetic engineered microbes to produce some active molecules against pests. From this perspective, because of the profound effects of gut bacteria on host phenotypes, it is promising to dissect the molecular mechanisms behind their effect on host physiology and facilitate the development of microbial resource-based management methods for pest control.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Copulation Effect of Vibrational Rival Female Signals of Three Stink Bug Species as a Tool for Mating Disruption

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Aline Moreira Dias ◽  
Miguel Borges ◽  
Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes ◽  
Matheus Lorran Figueira Coelho ◽  
Andrej Čokl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Vibratory Communication ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Bean Plants

Stink bugs are major pests in diverse crops around the world. Pest management strategies based on insect behavioral manipulation could help to develop biorational management strategies of stink bugs. Insect mating disruption using vibratory signals is an approach with high potential for pest management. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of conspecific female rival signals on the mating behavior and copulation of three stink bug species to establish their potential for mating disruption. Previously recorded female rival signals were played back to bean plants where pairs of the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, and two green stink bugs, Chinavia ubica and Chinavia impicticornis were placed. Vibratory communication and mating behavior were recorded for each pair throughout the experimental time (20 min). Female rival signals show a disrupting effect on the reproductive behavior of three conspecific investigated stink bug species. This effect was more clearly expressed in E. heros and C. ubica than in C. impicticornis. The likelihood of copulating in pairs placed on control plants, without rival signals, increased 29.41 times in E. heros, 4.6 times in C. ubica and 1.71 times in C. impicticornis. However, in the last case, the effect of female rivalry signals in copulation was not significant. The effect of mating disruption of female rival signals of the three stink bug species may originate from the observed reduction in specific vibratory communication signals emitted, which influences the duet formation and further development of different phases of mating behavior. Our results suggest that female rival signals have potential for application in manipulation and disruption of mating behavior of stink bugs. Further work needs to focus on the effects of female rival signals used in long duration experiments and also their interactions with chemical communication of stink bugs.

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