scholarly journals Efficacy of Bt maize against European corn borer in Central Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S25-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kocourek ◽  
J. Stará
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Mean

The efficacy of Bt maize MON 810-YieldGard<sup>&reg;</sup> and of Trichogramma wasp against European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis H&uuml;bner) was evaluated in the period of 2002&ndash;2008 in field trials on three localities in the Czech Republic. The efficacy of Bt maize on the reduction of the number of tunnels caused by ECB per 100&nbsp;maize plants before harvest was always 100% and that in Trichogramma treatment was on average 50%. The mean increase of the yield of 15% and 10% was obtained in Bt maize and Trichogramma treatments, respectively in comparison with the untreated control. The damage curve and economic injury level by ECB on maize was developed for the evaluation of the yield losses and management of the pest control. The higher economic efficacy of growing Bt maize as compared to other control measures is documented.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) Maize and Conventional Measures for Control of the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Clark ◽  
J. E. Foster ◽  
Shripat T. Kamble ◽  
E. A. Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Length

Field experiments were conducted in 1997 to compare the efficacy Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) maize hybrids and two conventional measures for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Treatments consisted of transgenic Bt maize hybrids and their non-Bt isolines, and isolines treated with a formulated Bt or permethrin insecticide. All control measures significantly reduced O. nubilalis damage in terms of tunnels per plant, length of tunneling, and larvae per plant. The following hierarchy in terms of O. nubilalis efficacy was observed: transgenic Bt &gt; permethrin &gt; formulated Bt &gt; control. In most cases, transgenic Bt maize was most effective in preventing European corn borer damage to ear shanks and generally produced the highest grain yields.

scholarly journals Maize Plants Infestation by Fusarium spp. and Deoxynivalenol in Genetically Modified Corn Hybrid and Traditional Maize Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAREK SELWET
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetically Modified Maize ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Mon 810

The objective of the performed investigations was to isolate pathogenic fungi from contaminated maize cobs, to assess the appearance of maize cob fusariosis and to determine grain contamination with deoxynivalenol in the cultivation of genetically modified maize containing a gene resistance against European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn) as well as selected non-modified cultivars. The plant material comprised the following genetically modified maize cultivar: DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) and non-modified cultivars obtained from Smolice Plant Breeding Ltd., IHAR Group: Junak (FAO 210-220), Prosna (FAO 220), SMH (FAO 230), Baca (FAO 220). Prior to harvesting, the occurrence of maize cob fusariosis was determined in the 89 (BBCH) developmental ripening stage. Microbiological assessment was carried out on grains selected from cobs characterized by various pathological symptoms. In 2008, a total of 133 isolates was obtained from the examined samples of infected maize plants, of which 51 isolates were species-identified, while in 2009, the total of 123 isolates were determined, of which 63 were species-identified. In both experimental years, the majority of isolates contained fungi from the Fusarium genus. The performed analysis of mean levels of cob contamination by fusarioses revealed that DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) and SMH (FAO 230) cultivars showed the smallest levels of contamination as well as the lowest percent of cob contamination per plant, while Junak (FAO 210-220) and Baca (FAO 220) cultivars were characterized by the highest degree of contamination. The lowest deoxynivalenol concentrations were determined in years 2008 and 2009 in the case of the DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) cultivar, whereas Prosna (FAO 220) cultivar was characterized by the highest deoxynivalenol concentration.

Frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Bt maize in French and US corn belt populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bourguet ◽  
J. Chaufaux ◽  
M. Séguin ◽  
C. Buisson ◽  
J. L. Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Corn Borer

DEVELOPING A NEEM-BASED INSECTICIDE FOR CANADA

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (S159) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Isman ◽  
O. Koul ◽  
J.T. Arnason ◽  
J. Stewart ◽  
G.S. Salloum
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Peridroma Saucia ◽  
Insect Growth

AbstractLeaves of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), have been used for centuries in India to protect stored grain from insect attack. Recent concern for the effects of synthetic insecticides on the environment and human health has provided the impetus for a reappraisal of the utility of neem derivatives as botanical crop protectants. Neem and its active principle, the limonoid azadirachtin, have several properties that are highly desirable for a natural insecticide. Azadirachtin is the most potent natural insect antifeedant discovered to date, suppressing insect feeding at concentrations of less than 1 part per million. Azadirachtin is also a potent insect growth regulator, which acts by disrupting molting and development, and interfering with reproduction in adult insects. These actions have been observed in over 90% of the more than 200 species of pest insects tested to date. Neem also has systemic action in some plants which could prove extremely valuable against stem- and root-feeding pests that are difficult to control. Finally, neem is essentially non-toxic to vertebrates, and in fact has a long history of medicinal use in southeast Asia.In the present paper we review our research aimed at developing a neem-based insecticide for use against pests of Canadian agriculture. We document the potent antifeedant action of azadirachtin in laboratory bioassays against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, and the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hübner, and the molt-disrupting action of the compound in the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes Fab., and the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas. Both antifeedant and insect growth regulatory activities of various samples of neem seed oil are shown to be correlated to azadirachtin concentrations in the oils. Field trials of an experimental neem insecticide conducted against pests of crucifers, corn, and potato in British Columbia, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island, respectively, indicate that the neem insecticide provides pest control as effective as or better than pyrethrum, the current botanical insecticide of choice for organic growers. The commercial prospectus for neem insecticides in Canada is discussed in light of our results.

Evaluation of Leaf Consumption and Determination of Economic Injury Level Caused by Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Brassica oleracea var. acephala (Brassicales: Brassicaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1805-1811
Author(s):  
Angélica Massarolli ◽  
Bruna Camila Gualda Bersani ◽  
Fernando Henrique Dalla Roza ◽  
Alessandra Regina Butnariu ◽  
Mônica Josene Barbosa Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Collard Greens ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Plutella xylostella (L.) is a microlepidopteran found in all brassica-producing regions of the world. However, no economic injury level (EIL) has been established for this pest in collard greens. Therefore, studies evaluating the EIL of P. xylostella in this crop based on the number of caterpillars per plant can assist pest monitoring and the most effective time for pest control, ensuring profits and the use of pesticides only when required. The present study assessed leaf consumption of caterpillars at different levels of infestation and determinined the EIL for P. xylostella in collard greens. Based on the yield reduction index of collard greens for P. xylostella, EIL was estimated for different scenarios of pest control costs, setting the market value of the bunch of collard greens, and, alternatively, with prices varying and the control cost fixed. In simulated scenarios for 7 d after infestation, the number of caterpillars per plant was always below 1.38, whereas for 10 d, the maximum number was 1.25 caterpillars per plant. When simulating scenarios with different market values for the bunch of collard greens the lower the price of the collard greens bunch, the higher the mean number of caterpillars per plant to compensate the application cost. The mean number of caterpillars per plant ranged from 4.59 to 0.38 in the evaluation for 7 d, and from 4.17 to 0.35 caterpillars per plant for 10 d according to the price of the bunch of collard greens.

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