scholarly journals Heating briquettes from energy crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Plíštil ◽  
M. Brožek ◽  
J. Malaťák ◽  
P. Heneman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica

The aim of this research is to find and to evaluate energy crops with respect to their compactibility. It resulted in an evaluation of mechanical properties of seven crop species and in findings concerning mechanical parameters that exert influence on the compacting process. The evaluated mechanical properties cover the briquette density and the force required to break the briquettes. Following energy crops were studied: Sorghum vulgare, Phalaroides arundinacea, Crambe abyssinica, Fectusa pragensia, Camelina sativa, Miscanthus sinensis, Carthamus tinctorius. Before compression these crops were disintegrated in a grinder. The fraction size was given by the sieve mesh size – viz. a circular cross section of a 15 mm diameter. All crops had an unchanged moisture content during the measurement and a uniform output diameter of the briquette of about 65 mm. The crops showed following moisture contents in the experiments: Sorghum vulgare = 10.95%, Phalaroides arundinacea = 11.40%, Crambe abyssinica = 15.97%, Fectusa pragensia = 10.66%, Camelina sativa = 15.37%, Miscanthus sinensis = 9.97%, Carthamus tinctorius = 15.54%.

scholarly journals Mechanical characteristics of standard fuel briquettes on biomass basis

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Plíštil ◽  
M. Brožek ◽  
J. Malaťák ◽  
A. Roy ◽  
P. Hutla
Keyword(s):  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Rapeseed Straw ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Uniform Diameter ◽  
High Level

The measuring has proved that the energy herbs can be pressed into the form of compact briquettes. It regards 9 varieties of the energy crops, i.e. coriander, crambe, saphlor, sorrel, sorghum, reed canary grass, knotweed, barley straw and rapeseed straw. These energy crops are disintegrated by the grinding mill ŠV 15 (manufacturer Stoza, Ltd.) before the pressing. The fraction size is given by the mesh size of circular cross section of diameter 15 mm. All the crops have constant moisture content during the measuring and uniform diameter 65 mm of the resulting briquettes. The biomass moisture ranges from 9 to 11%. The pressing is conducted by the briquette press HLS 50 (manufacturer Briklis, Ltd.). The measuring results have shown the highest volume weight in following energy herbs: coriander, saphlor, rapeseed straw, sorghum, sorrel and knotweed. The lowest volume weight was found in these crops: reed canary grass, crambe and barley straw. The measuring proved that the highest force for the briquette disintegration is necessary for knotweed, saphlor, sorrel, sorghum and coriander. The lowest force for the briquette disintegration needs the reed canary grass, barley and rapeseed straw and crambe. Crambe contains a high level of oil in its seeds and this fact causes difficulties during their pressing as good mechanical parameters regards, thus they cannot be pressed into the briquette form.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Briquettes Produced from Energy Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oľga Urbanovičová ◽  
Koloman Krištof ◽  
Pavol Findura ◽  
Ján Jobbágy ◽  
Marek Angelovič
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
Particle Size Range

The study deals with the use of energy crops for the production of thermal energy in the form of briquettes and devising appropriate parameters for their production. Briquettes were produced from seven kinds of energy crops, Salix viminalis, Miscanthus sinensis, Rosa multiflora, Polygonum sachalinensis, Helianthus tuberosus, Sida hermaphrodita and Spartina pectinata, specifically. In the production of briquettes, moisture is the most important properties of material to be pressed, which ranges from 8 to 15 % as it was observed. At a higher humidity it has not been possible to produce briquettes farther in the study conditions. Another important condition for the successful production of briquettes was the particle size of chopped mass. The optimum particle size range from 8 to 20 %. The briquettes were pressed at a pressure of 21 MPa and with diameter of 50 %. Subsequently, physical and mechanical properties (density, moisture, mechanical resistance) and chemical properties (chlorine, iron, nitrogen, calcium, ash, lignin content) were measured. The briquettes density reached from 800 to 900 kg.m−3 with calorific value from 14 to 19 MJ.kg−1 which refers to fact that energy crops are competitive to fossil fuels by their calorific value.

scholarly journals Generation of Photopolymerized Microparticles Based on PEGDA Using Microfluidic Devices. Part 1. Initial Gelation Time and Mechanical Properties of the Material

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
José M. Acosta-Cuevas ◽  
José González-García ◽  
Mario García-Ramírez ◽  
Víctor H. Pérez-Luna ◽  
Erick Omar Cisneros-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Close Relationship

Photopolymerized microparticles are made of biocompatible hydrogels like Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) by using microfluidic devices are a good option for encapsulation, transport and retention of biological or toxic agents. Due to the different applications of these microparticles, it is important to investigate the formulation and the mechanical properties of the material of which they are made of. Therefore, in the present study, mechanical tests were carried out to determine the swelling, drying, soluble fraction, compression, cross-linking density (Mc) and mesh size (ξ) properties of different hydrogel formulations. Tests provided sufficient data to select the best formulation for the future generation of microparticles using microfluidic devices. The initial gelation times of the hydrogels formulations were estimated for their use in the photopolymerization process inside a microfluidic device. Obtained results showed a close relationship between the amount of PEGDA used in the hydrogel and its mechanical properties as well as its initial gelation time. Consequently, it is of considerable importance to know the mechanical properties of the hydrogels made in this research for their proper manipulation and application. On the other hand, the initial gelation time is crucial in photopolymerizable hydrogels and their use in continuous systems such as microfluidic devices.

INJECTION MOLDING OF FLAT GLASS FIBER REINFORCED THERMOPLASTICS

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2555-2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUTO TANAKA ◽  
TSUTAO KATAYAMA ◽  
TATSUYA TANAKA ◽  
AKIHIRO ANGURI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Attrition

During an injection molding of composite materials, fiber attrition occurs and the average fiber length is reduced. In order to control the breakage of fibers and degradation of mechanical properties during processing, Flat glass Fiber (FF), that has oval cross-section shape, has been developed to use for glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic (GFRTP). Using FF as reinforcement of GFRTP has advantages as following: (1) Fluidity of FF is better than conventional Normal glass Fiber (NF) with 'circular' cross-section; (2) Fiber breakage during the injection molding process using FF is smaller than that using NF. In this study, the mechanical properties of FF and NF were compared for reinforcement of long fiber thermoplastics pellets (LFT pellets). We have also investigated the effect of screw design on fiber damage and the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of specimens molded by FF reinforcement LFT (FF-LFT) pellets were superior to these of NF reinforcement LFT (NF-LFT) pellets. The former could give composites with higher fluidity and longer residual fiber length. Moreover, FF was able to strengthen injection-molded samples with higher fiber content than NF. Low shear type screw was effective to prevent the fiber attrition during plasticization process, hence leads to better mechanical properties of GFRTP

Friction Factor Determination for Flow Through Finite Wire-Mesh Woven-Screen Matrices

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sodre´ ◽  
J. A. R. Parise
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Hydraulic Radius ◽  
Fully Developed Flow ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Screen Mesh

Experiments were carried out to determine the pressure drop through an annular conduit filled with a plain square wire-mesh woven-screen matrix. The tests involved turbulent fully developed flow of air at steady-state conditions, with the modified Reynolds number (M(1−ε)/Re), based on the hydraulic radius of the packed bed, ranging from 5 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−3. The test section was built according to the geometry of a Stirling engine, simulating an annular regenerator with a radius ratio of 1.369 and a screen of mesh size 10. A corrected Ergun equation was used to correlate the experimental data, considering the wall effects. Comparisons with results obtained by other authors extended the validation of the correlation obtained to a wider range of modified Reynolds numbers (1 × 10−4 ≤ M(1 − ε)/Re ≤ 1) and to different screen mesh sizes. The correlation has been found to work for annular and circular cross-section beds.

The Analysis of Judging Criterion and the Influence of Shear-Span Ratio to the Failure Model in Frame Short Column

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 913-917
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Guo Qiang Xu ◽  
Juan Nong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Short Column ◽  
Shear Span ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Engineering Personnel

In architectural design, the discrimination to the frame short column has two judging criteria: the judging criterion with the shear-span ratio λ«2 and the judging criterion with the height-width ratio H/h«4 . Whether they have consistency has been raised attention by the engineering personnel. Through the analysis of two judging criteria, We get that: the judging criterion λ«2 has extensive applicability; the judging criterion H/h«4 is the simple calculation method, and needs certain limitations. Meanwhile, by the analysis of the relationship between the shear-span ratio and the mechanical properties in frame short column, it is concluded that the shear-span ratio has the directly affect to the failure model, and the circular cross-section frame column has better mechanical properties.

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