scholarly journals Potato bruise spot sensitivity dependence on regimes of cultivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blahovec ◽  
J. Židová
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Vascular Ring ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potato Bruise ◽  
Spot Volume

Potato tuber bruising was simulated by impact pendulum at temperature 7°C. Two varieties (Agria and Samantana) cultivated under five different regimes were tested one month and/or five months after harvest. The regimes of cultivation differ by fertilising and/or irrigation. The obtained black spots were measured carefully to obtain detailed shape and volume. The obtained results are discussed in relation to tuber anatomy (vascular ring), regime of cultivation and mean tuber density. It is shown that contrary to bruising in fruits the black spots had maximum diameter not close to the surface but close the vascular ring. The relation between spot volume and the mean tuber density seems to be variety dependent.

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Hydrocephalus Secondary to Tectal Plate Glioma versus Idiopathic Aqueductal Stenosis: Results from a Single Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Niknejad ◽  
Melissa Frederickx ◽  
Emiel Salaets ◽  
Jurgen Lemiere ◽  
Lieven Lagae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Tectal Plate ◽  
The Mean

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Tectal plate gliomas (TPG) constitute a distinct entity of benign tumors of the brain stem which show an indolent clinical course. Adequate treatment of secondary hydrocephalus is undoubtedly a major factor in the outcome. However, little is known about to what degree the tumor itself determines the long-term outcome of these patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical and radiological data of 16 pediatric TPG patients with data of 12 pediatric idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (IAS) patients treated in our center from 1988 to 2018. For both groups, we assessed the long-term outcome in terms of hydrocephalus management, and for the TPG group, we assessed tumor growth during follow-up. In a separate prospective part of the study, we performed a neuropsychological evaluation in a subgroup of patients using a standardized testing battery, covering intelligence, learning, memory, executive functions, and an inventory on depression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the TPG group, the mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 84 and 70 months, respectively. On average, the maximum diameter of the tumor increased by 11% (<i>p</i> = 0.031) and the estimated tumor volume with 35% (<i>p</i> = 0.026) on radiological follow-up. The fronto-occipital horn ratio (FOHR) decreased by 23% on average after treatment. In the IAS group, the mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 117 and 85 months, respectively. In this group, the FOHR decreased by 21% on average. Neurocognitive testing revealed significant higher scores in the TPG group on global intelligence (TPG = 109, IAS = 85.5, <i>U</i> = 3, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01, <i>z</i> = −2.71), performance (TPG= 100, IAS = 85, <i>U</i> = 7, <i>p</i> = 0.03, <i>z</i> = −2.2), and verbal intelligence (TPG = 122, IAS = 91.5, <i>U</i> = 2, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.00, <i>z</i> = −2.87) as well as working memory (TPG = 109.5, IAS = 77, <i>U</i> = 0.5, <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>z</i> = −2.46). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest that the long-term outcome in TPG patients is acceptable and that cognition is substantially better preserved than in patients with IAS. This puts the idea of a significant contribution of the tumoral mass to disease outcome on the long term in question. Adequate and prompt management of hydrocephalus is the most important factor in long-term cognitive outcome.

Time To Relapse of Severe Acute Malnutrition And Its Determinants Among Children Treated In The Health Posts of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abera Lambebo ◽  
Desselegn Temiru ◽  
Tefera Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Relapse Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time To Relapse ◽  
Hadiya Zone

Abstract Back ground: In developing countries including Ethiopia, children under five years old are likely to suffer from repeated bouts of SAM. There is lack of study that documented time to relapse of SAM and its determinants. Objective: This study aimed to identify time of relapse and its determinants among children discharged after treatment for SAM in health facilities of Hadiya Zone, South, Ethiopia Methods: An institution based retrospective cohort study was carried out from data spanning from 2014/2015 to 2019/2020. After checking all the assumptions, multivariable CPH model was fitted to isolate independent determinants of time to relapse. All tests were two sided and statistical significance at P values <0.05. Result: The mean(±SD) time for relapse of SAM among under five children was 22(±9.9) weeks from discharge to relapse time. On multivariable CPH model, the hazard of relapse for SAM was significantly higher for children who had edema (AHR =2.02 ,95%, CI: 1.17-3.50), age of 6-11 months (AHR = 5.2, 95%, CI:1.95-13.87), had discharge low MUAC (AHR = 12,95%, CI: 7.90-19.52)Concussion: The finding showed that children discharged from SAM are likely to have relapse in 3 weeks.

Pipeline embolization device treatment of internal carotid artery terminus aneurysms

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Pujari ◽  
Brian Matthew Howard ◽  
Thomas P Madaelil ◽  
Susana Libhaber Skukalek ◽  
Anil K Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Pipeline Embolization Device ◽  
Proximal Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundThe pipeline embolization device (PED) is approved for the treatment of large aneurysms of the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA). Its off-label application in treating aneurysms located specifically at the ICA terminus (ICA-T) has not been studied.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients from 2011 to 7 treated with PEDs. Out of 365 patients, 10 patients with ICA-T aneurysms were included. Patient demographics, procedural information, follow-up imaging, and clinical assessments were recorded.ResultsMean age was 46.9 years (± 8.8), and 6 (60%) patients were women. The mean maximum diameter of the aneurysms treated was 14.7 mm (± 10.7) and the mean neck diameter was 9.3 mm (± 6.6). Reasons for presentation included six incidental findings, one acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and three patients with prior SAH. Kamran–Byrne Occlusion Scale scores for the treated aneurysms were as follows: three class IV (complete obliteration), four class III (<50% filling in both height and width for fusiform aneurysms or residual neck for saccular aneurysms), one class II fusiform aneurysm, 1 class 0 saccular aneurysm (residual aneurysm body), and one not classified due to pipeline thrombosis. Two clinically asymptomatic complications were noted: one patient who had a small distal cortical SAH post PED and one patient whose stent was found to be thrombosed on follow-up angiogram. All patients were seen in follow-up, and no patients were found to have worsening of their pre-procedure modified Rankin Scale score.ConclusionThe PED has potential for treating ICA-T aneurysms not amenable to conventional treatment strategies. Further studies are warranted to confirm the long term outcomes.

scholarly journals A Study to Assess Effectiveness of Instructional Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge and Practices of Prevention of Pneumonia among Mothers of under Five Children in Selected Villages, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
P. Jegin ◽  
S. Subbulakshmi ◽  
M. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
J. Dayana ◽  
E. Elakiya
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Back ground: An experimental study was conducted to assess the effects of instructional teaching programme (ITP) on knowledge and practices of mothers regarding prevention of pneumonia in children, Pooncherry, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.Objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of ITP on prevention of pneumonia on level of knowledge and practices among mothers of under five children. Materials and Methods: Non probability purposive technique was adopted for this study. Samples who met inclusion criteria were participated in the study. Self-structured interview schedule for knowledge  and structured rating scale for practices were used to collect the data. Results: The study results shows that in the pre test 15.13 % of the mothers had adequate knowledge, 24.34 % of the mothers were had moderately adequate knowledge and 60.53 % of the mothers had inadequate knowledge and  and in post test 63.17% of mothers were had adequate knowledge, 28.94% of the mothers had moderately adequate knowledge and very few (8.55% ) mothers had inadequate knowledge. Pre test practices score shows that 63.82 % of the mothers had less desirable practice, 22.37% of the mothers had moderate desirable practices and 13.81% were had highly desirable practices whereas in the post test 63.82% of them had highly desirable practice, 23.03% of them had moderate desirable practices and 13.16% of them had less desirable practices. The mean pretest knowledge score was 5.45 ± 1.47 and the mean posttest knowledge score was 8.49 ± 0.71 and the t value was 15.17, it shows that statistically there was an improvement in the post test knowledge score. The mean pretest practice score was 22.38 ± 2.76, the mean posttest practice score was 43.64 ±1.97 and the t value was 13.35, it shows that statistically there was a significant improvement in the post test practice score. The instructional teaching programme on prevention of pneumonia was statistically effective in promoting the knowledge and desirable practices among mothers.

NCOG-31. GIANT PITUITARY ADENOMA (GPA) SCORE: A NOVEL SCORING SYSTEM TO PREDICT POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES OF GIANT PITUITARY ADENOMAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi158-vi158
Author(s):  
Syed Ather Enam ◽  
Fauzan Alam Hashmi ◽  
Sanam Mir Ghazi ◽  
Ahsan Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Giant Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Giant Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Suprasellar Extension

Abstract BACKGROUND Giant pituitary adenomas (GPA) are uncommon and highly variable in morphology and extension. There is no scoring system that considers all the dimensions of adenoma invasion. We developed a new Giant Pituitary Adenoma score and report our surgical experience and evaluate outcomes after resection of these tumors in accordance with the preoperative score. METHODS We developed a novel scoring system for classifying giant pituitary adenomas, and 11-year data of GPA surgery at our center was collected retrospectively, based on this scoring system. GPA Score considered tumor’s parasellar extension, encasement of cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA), suprasellar extension &gt; 2 cm, suprasellar extension &gt; 4cm and retrosellar extension. Maximum possible score was 9. The scoring system was applied to 53 patients of GPA who underwent surgical resection between January 1, 2006, and December 2017. The Lundin-Pederson (ABC/2) method was used to calculate the tumor volume both pre- and post-resection and linear regression was used to assess the relationship between extent of tumor resection and GPA score. RESULTS The median age of the study population was 42.08 ± 16.49 years. The mean maximum diameter of the pituitary adenomas was 5.0 cm (range 4.0 cm-8.5cm) while the mean volume of the adenomas was 27.3 cm3 (range 10 cm3-149 cm3). There were 3 cases of score 2, 5 cases of score 3, 13 cases of score 4, 20 cases of score 5, 9 cases of score 6 and 3 cases of score 7. The range of tumor volumes of tumors for scores from 2-7 was 17.3 cm3 to 65.8 cm3 and GPA score was correlated with the percent residual tumor using linear regression that was statistically significant (p= 0.001). CONCLUSION GPA Score is a reliable scoring system to predict the extent and subsequent difficulty in tumor resection in GPA.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Risk Factors of Malaria Among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in the Buea Health District, South West Region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Hermann Ngouakam ◽  
Mark Agbor Akongem ◽  
Timatang Tufoin Cagetan ◽  
Ariane Laure Wounang Ngueugang ◽  
Bonaventure Tientche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Health District ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Aims: The study measured the level of knowledge and attitudes towards malaria and examined associated factors among caregivers of under-five children. Study Design: The study was community-based, descriptive cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Buea Health District (BHD) from February to June 2020. Methodology: Data were obtained through face-to-face interviews with the caregivers of under-fives. The above mean scores were used to determine the level of knowledge. The attitude levels were measured by using 3-point Likert scales. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with knowledge and attitude. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for analysis. Results: Out of the 390 respondents, 69.5% of them had a neutral attitude. Meanwhile, 27.7 % of participants carried a favorable attitude towards malaria and only 2.8 % of them had an unfavorable attitude, Caregivers of under-five children who scored below the mean score were 25.1 % which was considered having poor knowledge and above the mean score was 74.9% which was considered good knowledge. In the multivariable logistic analysis, caregivers with a primary school level of education were 4.1 times (AOR = 4.1, CI = 1.486-11.102) times more likely of receiving a high malaria knowledge score as compared to those with no formal education. Factors associated with caregiver's attitude level towards malaria risk were educational level and marital status which showed significant associations in the univariate analysis Conclusion: Caregivers of under-fives displayed a good knowledge of malaria risk factors. However, in these endemic areas for malaria, caregiver attitude was found to be unenthusiastic and unresponsive, and this poses additional challenges in reaching the malaria elimination goal. Thus, suggesting that educational messages during the campaign should be contextual to reach out to local communities to trigger a positive behavioural change.

Resistance of four potato varieties to the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella (zell.) in storage

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. O. Ojero ◽  
J. M. Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
The Mean

AbstractInsect-free tubers of four potato varieties, namely Kenya Baraka, Anett, Kerrs Pink and Roslin Gucha were exposed to adult Phlhorimaea operculella for 14 days in uncontrolled conditions in storages. On examination of the tubers 16 days after exposure, the percentage of infested tubers was determined: Kenya Baraka—62.50, Anett—77.50, Kerrs Pink—85.00 and Roslin Gucha—86.25%. The larvae made the following mean tunnel lengths: 44.65, 95.33, 88.33 and 104.23 cm in Kenya Baraka, Anett, Kerrs Pink and Roslin Gucha varieties, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the number of tubers infested (per cent), there were significant differences in the mean length of tunnels made by the larvae in Kenya Baraka and the other three varieties at P < 0.05. The mean number of larvae which survived in 10 tubers were 6.75, 11.25, 15.75 and 18.00 for Kenya Baraka, Anett, Kerrs Pink and Roslin Gucha varieties, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between Kenya Baraka and Kerrs Pink; Kenya Baraka and Roslin Gucha; and Roslin Gucha and Anett varieties (P < 0.05). Thus Roslin Gucha was the least resistant of the four varieties tested, whereas Kenya Baraka emerged as the most resistant variety. The mechanism of resistance in this case was most probably antibiosis.

129 Ovarian dynamics and gonadotropins during selection of the dominant follicle in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
M. Pastorello ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
G. K. Piquini ◽  
D. B. Godoi ◽  
E. L. Gastal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Follicle Selection ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics ◽  
Selection Of

The mare, compared to other livestock, has the shortest interval from partum to the first ovulation. In monovulatory species, the follicle deviation process in a wave is characterised by the continued growth of the dominant follicle (DF) and regression of the subordinate follicle. Although follicle diameter deviation, a key event of follicle selection, has been investigated during the oestrous and menstrual cycles, the occurrence of this phenomenon before the first postpartum ovulation seems to be unclear in all species. This study aimed to compare the follicular dynamics and gonadotropin profiles around the follicle diameter deviation day in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating; n=24) versus non-postpartum cycling (NPP Cycling; n=15) mares. On the day of parturition, every PP Lactating mare was paired with an NPP Cycling mare, and ovarian follicles (&gt;4mm) were tracked daily by transrectal ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected. Data were analysed in the PP Lactating group according to the length of the partum-ovulation interval (POI; ≤22 and &gt;22 days) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI), and in the NPP Cycling group during two interovulatory intervals (1st and 2nd IOI). In addition, regardless of group, all four intervals were compared. We performed the FSH and LH assays using radioimmunoassay. Ovarian and hormonal parameters were analysed using ANOVA for sequential data. The day and diameter of the DF at the deviation (overall mean: 14.9±2.5 days; 21.7±0.4mm, respectively) were not different (P&gt;0.05) between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. However, when considering the length of POI, follicle deviation occurred 4.4±0.8 days earlier (P&lt;0.001) in mares with POI ≤ 22 days than in mares with POI&gt;22 days. No difference was found between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares within and between groups for the intervals from deviation to maximum diameter of the DF (10.4±0.4 days), for the intervals from deviation to ovulation (12.1±0.5 days), or for the growth rates of the DF from deviation to maximum diameter (2.6±0.1mm per day). The growth rate of the DF from deviation to ovulation (2.4±0.1mm per day) did not differ between PP Lactating and NNP Cycling mares; however, this growth rate was lower (P&lt;0.03) in the POI, PPIOI, and 1st IOI compared with the 2nd IOI. The mean diameter of the DF around deviation (days −3 to 3; 22.5±0.3mm), and systemic FSH (days −4 to 4; 10.3±0.2ngmL−1) were not different between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. Level of LH was lower (P&lt;0.0001) around deviation (days −4 to 4) in the PP Lactating (0.7±0.0ngmL−1) versus the NPP Cycling mares (1.8±0.1ngmL−1). Results demonstrated that a partum effect occurs only on the day of deviation in mares during the foal heat (POI ≤ 22 days) and that low levels of LH during both intervals in PP Lactating mares were not detrimental to prevent ovulation.

scholarly journals Under-Five Mortality in Buea Health District, Southwest Cameroon: Evidence from a Community-Based Birth Cohort Study of Rate, Causes, and Age-Specific Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ettamba Agborndip ◽  
Benjamin Momo Kadia ◽  
Domin Sone Majunda Ekaney ◽  
Lawrence Tanyi Mbuagbaw ◽  
Marie Therese Obama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Health District ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
The Mean

Background. Updating the knowledge base on the causes and patterns of under-five mortality (U5M) is crucial for the design of suitable interventions to improve survival of children under five. Objectives. To assess the rate, causes, and age-specific patterns of U5M in Buea Health District, Cameroon. Methods. A retrospective cohort study involving 2000 randomly selected households was conducted. Live births registered between September 2004 and September 2009 were recorded. The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) was defined by the number of deaths that occurred on or before 5 years of age per 1000 live births. Causes of death were assigned using the InterVA-4 software. Results. A total of 2210 live births were recorded. There were 92 deaths, and the U5MR was 42 per 1000 live births. The mean age at death was 11±15.9 months. The most frequent causes of death were neonatal causes (37%), malaria (28%), and pneumonia (15%). Deaths during infancy accounted for 64.1% of U5M, with 43.5% neonatal (86% occurring within the first 24 hours of life) and 20.7% postneonatal. The main causes of death in infancy were birth asphyxia (37.5%), pneumonia (17.5%), complications of prematurity (10%), and malaria (10%). Child deaths accounted for 35.8% of U5M. Malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoeal illnesses accounted for the majority of child deaths. Conclusions. Almost half of U5M occurred during the neonatal period. Improvements in intrapartum care and the prevention and effective treatment of neonatal conditions, malaria, and pneumonia could considerably reduce U5M in Buea.

Adrenal Incidentaloma and Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study by Endoscopic Ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Collienne ◽  
Nina Timmesfeld ◽  
Simona Bergmann ◽  
Joachim Goebel ◽  
Peter Kann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Subclinical Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose Adrenal incidentaloma (AI) and adrenal masses in cases of subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) initially require follow-up imaging. In this study we used endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) as a method for high-resolution imaging. The aim was to evaluate the growth rate of AI and SCS by EUS. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis included 93 out of 229 patients with AI or SCS who were investigated longitudinally by EUS in our university hospital between 1997 and 2013. The longitudinal follow-up required at least two investigations by EUS and evaluation of endocrine function. Plasma renin, serum aldosterone, 24 h urinary catecholamines and 2 mg dexamethasone suppression test were performed. EUS was performed at baseline and during follow-up. Each time, the maximum diameter was measured. Three groups were defined: non-functioning adenomas (NFA), non-functioning nodular hyperplasias (NFH) and SCS. Results 86 patients had non-functioning masses [NFM] (59 NFA, 48 NFH) and 7 patients had SCS (10 masses). At baseline the mean diameter was 19.4 (± 9.3) mm (NFM) and 19.6 (± 9.2) mm (SCS). The mean follow-up period was 31.6 ± 28.7 months. The estimated mean growth rates per year were low: They were 0.35 mm/yr [NFA], 0.02 mm/yr [NFH] and 0.53 mm/yr [SCS]. Furthermore, there was no malignant progression of any mass. Conclusion The growth rate as determined by EUS was low for all tumor entities observed in this study. There was no difference in tumor growth between the groups.

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