scholarly journals Soil chemistry changes in green alder [Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) C. Koch] stands in mountain areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V Podrázský ◽  
I. Ulbrichová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Green Alder ◽  
The Status

The present study documents the effects of green alder [Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) C. Koch] on the uppermost forest soil layers in mountain areas, respectively in the summit part of the Jizerské hory Mts. Pedochemical characteristics of holorganic horizons in stands of this species, established in 1992 on a clear-cut caused by air pollution, were compared to the status of soils in stands of bog pine (Pinus rotundata Link.). Extreme site conditions and young age of both stand types resulted in low effects on the humus forms in the first decade. Despite of this, enrichment in total nitrogen content and tendency to acidification due to nitrate leaching were obvious and statistically significant in green alder stands.

scholarly journals Green alder effects on the forest soils in higher elevations

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Podrázský ◽  
I. Ulbrichová ◽  
I. Kuneš ◽  
J. Folk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Green Alder ◽  
Humus Accumulation

Presented study documents the effects of green alder (Alnus alnobetula [Ehrh.] C. Koch) on the uppermost forest soil layers in mountain areas, respectively in the top part of the Orlické hory Mts. Three variants effect to the forest soil have been studied: pure groups of green alder, pure groups of Norway spruce and Norway spruce stand under-planted by green alder. The effect of alder stands litter influenced some basic soil characteristics: the surface humus accumulation (low), the bases content and base saturation (decreased). The green alder increased the acidification trends in the forest soils of the humus forms on the studied locality and intensified the mineralization and nutrient losses from the soil profile.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. CHAUHAN ◽  
BHANUMATI SINGH ◽  
SHREE GANESH ◽  
JAMSHED ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

scholarly journals Profiles of C- and N-trace gas production in N-saturated forest soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
U. Berger ◽  
N. Brüggemann ◽  
J. Duyzer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
First Time

Abstract. This study provides for the first time data on the stratification of NO and N2O production with soil depth under aerobic and anaerobic incubation conditions for different temperate forest sites in Germany (spruce, beech, clear-cut) and the Netherlands (Douglas fir). Results show that the NO and N2O production activity is highest in the forest floor and decreases exponentially with increasing soil depth. Under anaerobic incubation conditions NO and N2O production was in all soil layers up to 2-3 orders of magnitude higher then under aerobic incubation conditions. Furthermore, significant differences between sites could be demonstrated with respect to the magnitude or predominance of NO and N2O production. These were driven by stand properties (beech or spruce) or management (clear-cut versus control). With regard to CH4 the most striking result was the lack of CH4 uptake activity in soil samples taken from the Dutch Douglas fir site at Speulderbos, which is most likely a consequence of chronically high rates of atmospheric N deposition. In addition, we could also demonstrate that CH4 fluxes at the soil surface are obviously the result of simultaneously occurring uptake and production processes, since even under aerobic conditions a net production of CH4 in forest floor samples was found. The provided dataset will be very useful for the development and testing of process oriented models, since for the first time activity data stratified for several soil layers for N2O, NO, and CH4 production/oxidation activity for forest soils are provided.

Analgesia and Anaesthesia

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Severe Pain ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Status ◽  
Minor Operations

Seventy per cent of patients who present to the ED have pain as their main complaint—and most of the time as a sign of injury or inflammation. Therefore, early assessment by scoring at the point of triage and offering the appropriate analgesia are the first steps towards the management of such patients. The College of Emergency Medicine guidelines suggest that at least 98% of patients in severe pain (pain score of 7–10) should be offered appropriate analgesia within 60min of arrival, or triage, whichever is earlier. In 90% of these patients, the status of pain should be re-evaluated within 60min of receiving the first dose of the analgesic. Despite this clear-cut standard and the availability of a wide variety of analgesics, achieving such a target remains, occasionally, elusive. It must also be realized that a positive experience for the patient largely depends on relief of pain as early as possible. Consequently, one of the primary areas for a new FY1 to focus on is the pain management. Remember it is simple and straightforward in most circumstances. GA may be required in the ED for various clinical indications, for example, cardioversion, facial trauma or burns, and acute respiratory failure (such as in asthma). In an emergency situation it may be a challenging procedure even for an experienced anaesthetist and could be dangerous for the patients. An FY1/2 will never be expected to perform this, but it is important to know when to call for help when the situation demands. Local anaesthesia is widely used in the ED, and is one of the skills foundation trainees learn in the early days. It is comparatively safe if the doctor is aware of how to perform the procedure and the upper limit of the dose for a particular patient. Finally, conscious sedation is also widely used in the ED for reducing fractures and/or dislocations and minor operations. However, it carries the same risks as GA and should be carried out by a doctor who is trained in the procedure as well as in resuscitation. A risk assessment should be performed as a patient with high risks (previous cardiac or respiratory diseases) must be sedated with extreme caution.

Soil inorganic-N and nitrate leaching on organic farms

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Watson ◽  
S. M. Fowlerf ◽  
D. Wilman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N

SUMMARYOn two organic farms, nitrate-N and ammonium-N in the surface layers of the soil of representative fields were recorded for 2 years. Nitrate-N was also determined in different soil layers down to 120 cm at the beginning, middle and end of two winters and at intervals after ploughing three fields, to seek evidence of leaching.Nitrate-N and ammonium-N were both consistently low in the surface layers of fields in ley. Nitrate-N accumulated in arable soils on some occasions when there was little or no crop uptake of N, after ploughing, and after very heavy applications of manure.There was some evidence of nitrate leaching in all five fields which were deep-sampled. In four cases, the loss by leaching appeared to be < 25 kg N/ha per winter. In the other case, in which a 4-year ley was ploughed on 5 October, the loss by leaching appeared to be c. 70 kg N/ha. Ploughing in winter, rather than early autumn, might have reduced the nitrate leached, but the drilling of the next crop might have been delayed.The nitrate concentration of water draining from recently ploughed sandy soil in Shropshire was high, but it would have been diluted by water draining from unploughed fields.

Status, standards, technologies and existing problems of residential ventilation in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Ye Fan ◽  
Qing-Qin Wang ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Mao-Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Compound Pollution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Ventilation Performance

Indoor air pollution level in dwellings varies in different areas. Specifically, the formaldehyde and total volatile organic compound pollution are serious in new residential buildings according to the investigation of indoor air pollution status of residential buildings in China. Appropriate ventilation, as an important means to reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants, is mainly affected by ventilation mode, ventilation performance, ventilation strategies, etc. This paper analyses the status, standards, technologies and products related to residential ventilation and concludes the existing drawbacks in residential ventilation applications in China. Understanding of residential ventilation, and its standards, design methods, technologies, products, also the economy and usability should be given a major consideration to research.

scholarly journals Begonia difformis comb. & stat. nov. (Sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), a new species segregated from B. palmata D. Don

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Chao Leong ◽  
Tao Deng ◽  
Hang Sun ◽  
Ching-I Peng ◽  
Kuo-Fang Chung
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Its Dna Sequences ◽  
A New Species

Begonia palmata D. Don is one of the most widely distributed and morphologically variable species of Asian Begoniaceae. Examinations of its morphological variation indicate that two of its seven varieties, B. palmata var. difformis and B. palmata var. crassisetulosa, both distributed in the Gaoligong Mountain areas of Yunnan, China are indistinguishable and yet distinct from other varieties. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS DNA sequences further reveals that samples identifiable to these two varieties are also distantly related to samples of typical B. palmata. Based on these observations, we combine and elevate these two varieties to the status of species, Begonia difformis (Irmsch.) W.C. Leong, C.I Peng & K.F Chung, comb. & stat. nov..

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