scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of Pseudomonas spp. on the development of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bryk ◽  
B. Dyki ◽  
P. Sobiczewski
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

The influence of antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. on the development of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum was studied in liquid cultures. Two strains of Pseudomonas spp. (B194 and B224), originally isolated from apple leaves and fruits, respectively, inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea or P. expansum. The inhibitory effect depended on the concentration of bacteria in the cultures. After a prolonged time of incubation (48–76 h) lysis and fragmentation of hyphae of both fungi was observed. In some cases the hyphae of B. cinerea developed abnormally if the bacterial strains were present – the hyphal tips were swollen and ball-shaped spore-like structures aggregated in chains were formed.

scholarly journals Antifungal Efficacy of Plant Oils Containing Thymol and Carvacrol in Controlling Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Grape (Vitis vinifera) GrayMould

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Zaker M ◽  
Zaker L
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

The efficacy of a large number of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling plant diseases has been proven worldwide. Botrytis cinerea has attacked a wide host range causing severe loss in the field and at storage. In this study the antifungal efficacy of essential oils of three medicinal plants namely wild marjoram (Zataria multifolia), wild savory (perennial) (Satureja mutica) and savory (annual) (Satureja hortensis) possessing these compounds at three concentrations: 50, 100 and 200 ppm were evaluated in controlling the mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. All treatments except savory (annual) essential oil at 50 ppm showed significant differences with the control in inhibiting the mycelial growth as well as spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea (p=0.01). It was also noted that wild marjoram at 100 ppm and wild savory (perennial) essential oils at 200 ppm could completely (100%) inhibit the growth of the fungus. Essential oils from wild marjoram and wild savory had higher antifungal activity than annual savory. Their suitable formulations could be prepared and used as safe alternatives for controlling moulds of horticultural products during storage. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 15-24

scholarly journals Antifungal effect of essential oil and different extracts obtained from Nepeta meyeri on Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Sinem Karakuş ◽  
Ökkeş Atici ◽  
Cafer Köse ◽  
Deniz Tiryaki
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

The study concerns the antifungal effect of the aqueous and methanolic extracts, and the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Nepeta meyeri Benth. on Botrytis cinerea Pers. The fungus has been isolated from the infected plants of common grape Karaerik (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivating in vineyards in Üzümlü district, Erzincan (Turkey), and was cultured on potato dextrose agar medium in Petri dishes after the identification by 18S rRNA gene-based PCR assay. The concentrations of extracts from N. meyeri in Petri dishes were 2%, 5% and 10% (w/v) for aqueous extract (AE); 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm (v/v) for methanolic extract (ME), and 0.6, 0.8 and 1 µL for essential oil (EO). After the treatments, mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation were determined. Sterile distilled water at the same ratios was used for the control treatment. Thirty-six different compounds were identified in the EO of N. meyeri by GC/MS. The highest antifungal activity has been registered for EO of N. meyeri. The inhibition rates in 1 µL/Petri of the EO were 80.72%, 18%, 38.15% on mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation, respectively. However, AE and ME of N. meyeri showed diverse effects on the studied parameters of B. cinerea. It is suggested that the favourable concentration of EO from N. meyeri can contribute to the prevention of B. cinerea infection (grey mould) which causes disease in vineyards.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Five Different Classes of Fungicides on Growth and Development of Botrytis cinerea Isolated from Tree Peony in China

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1984-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuee Tian ◽  
Zhiping Che ◽  
Di Sun ◽  
Jiaxuan He ◽  
Shengming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea has become an important limiting factor for tree peony production. Currently, chemical control is still the main means of managing the disease in China. The objective of this study was to test fungicides with different mechanisms of action in controlling B. cinerea on tree peony. The inhibitory efficacy of five fungicides on four asexual stages was measured in the petri dish containing culture medium amended with a tested fungicide at various concentrations. The results showed that carbendazim had the strongest inhibition effect against all four stages of B. cinerea, with the EC50 values of 0.1037, 0.0563, 0.5578, and 0.0797 mg·L–1, respectively. The inhibitory effect of diethofencarb was only slightly less than that of carbendazim on conidia production, germination, and germ tube elongation. The inhibitory effect of procymidone was second only to that of carbendazim on colony expansion. The results indicated that carbendazim and diethofencarb could be used as protective fungicides to spray in the early stage of disease occurrence to inhibit conidia germination and germ tube elongation, so as to reduce the infection rate of B. cinerea and prevent disease occurrence. Carbendazim, procymidone, and diethofencarb mainly inhibit the reinfection of B. cinerea by inhibiting the growth of mycelium and the production of conidia, so they could be used as control fungicides during the occurrence phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Saprophytic microorganisms with potential for biological control of Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Beasley ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
L. M. Coates ◽  
A. H. Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Saprophytic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated from Geraldton waxflower flowers and screened to identify potential antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea. Isolates from other sources (e.g. avocado) were also tested. Isolates were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The most antagonistic bacteria, yeasts and fungi were selected for further testing on detached waxflower flowers. Conidia of the pathogen were mixed with conidia or cells of the selected antagonists, co-inoculated onto waxflower flowers, and the flowers were sealed in glass jars and incubated at 20˚C. The number of days required for the pathogen to cause flower abscission was determined. The most antagonistic bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas sp. 677, significantly reduced conidial germination and retarded germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. None of the yeast or fungal isolates tested was found to significantly reduce conidial germination or retard germ tube elongation, but several significantly inhibited growth of B. cinerea. Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most antagonistic of these isolates. Of the isolates tested on waxflower, Pseudomonas sp. 677 was highly antagonistic towards B. cinerea and delayed waxflower abscission by about 3 days. Trichoderma harzianum also significantly delayed flower abscission. However, as with most of the fungal antagonists used, inoculation of waxflower flowers with this isolate resulted in unsightly mycelial growth.

Sensitivity of spore germination and germ tube elongation of Saccharina japonica to metal exposure

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2056-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taejun Han ◽  
Jeong-Ae Kong ◽  
Hee-Gyu Kang ◽  
Seon-Jin Kim ◽  
Gyo-Sun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY OF DIPHENYL-SENSITIVE AND DIPHENYL-TOLERANT STRAINS OF FUNGI TO CHLORINATED NITROBENZENES AND TO SOME DIPHENYL DERIVATIVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Georgopoulos ◽  
Vassiliki E. Vomvoyanni
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Fungus Species

In Hypomyces solani f. cucurbitae the inhibitory effect of diphenyl on spore germination, germ tube development, and subsequent growth was overcome by mutation to chloronitrobenzene tolerance at any of three previously known loci. Sectoring under the selective action of diphenyl similarly resulted in tolerance to chloronitrobenzenes. One mutant gene is sufficient to give the maximum diphenyl tolerance possible. Results of cross-tolerance tests with differentially sensitive strains of three other fungi showed the same relationship between diphenyl tolerance and chloronitrobenzene tolerance. Neither volatilities nor relative saturations were found to be of importance in an understanding of the reason for this relationship. Diphenyl-tolerant strains are also tolerant to compounds derived from diphenyl by simple substitutions. The magnitude of the tolerance may be influenced by the substituent, the position, and the fungus species.

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