scholarly journals Dynamics of oak mycorrhizas

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pešková
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Further Development

A decline of macromycetes, especially of ectomycorrhizal species, has been described in the last decade in various parts of Europe. These changes are attributed to direct or indirect effects of air pollution. In Central Europe these changes correlate with visual damage of forest. Many ectomycorrhizal fungi seem to be very suitable bioindicators of the disturbance of forest ectotrophic stability. Stages of this disturbance can be linked directly to particular phases of impoverishment of ectomycorrhizal mycocoenoses. These conclusions have been obtained from long-term research on permanent plots (1,000&ndash;2,500 m<sup>2</sup>) in spruce and oak forests in the Czech Republic, but it seems that they are valid generally. For the quantification and study of mycorrhizal activity a special method has been developed and applied. The analyses of mycorrhizas from the same plots in the period 2000&ndash;2002 indicate large mycorrhizal dynamics. These data correlate with data obtained from a fruiting bodies survey. Both the percentage of ectomycorrhizal species and the ratio of active mycorrhizas are highly sensitive to outer impacts (air pollution, acidification, fertilization). Their decrease is in correlation with the strong defoliation of trees and can be used for the prediction of further development in comparable stands.

Effects of industrial pollutants on ectomycorrhizal relationships in temperate forests

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1310-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav Fellner ◽  
Vitězslava Pešková
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Key Words Air Pollution ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
Similar Density ◽  
Forest Stability

A conspicuous decline of macromycetes, especially in ectomycorrhizal species, has been described in the last decade in various parts of temperate Europe. It has been argued that changes in population of these fungi can be attributed to direct or indirect effects of air pollution. In view of the fact that in central Europe these changes preceded a visual damaging of forest or even its decline, it seems that many ectomycorrhizal fungi are very suitable bioindicators of the disturbance of forest ectotrophic stability. Defined stages of this disturbance can be linked directly to particular phases of impoverishment of ectomycorrhizal mycocoenoses and of enrichment of lignicolous mycocoenoses. These conclusions have been obtained from long-term research in permanent plots (1000–2500 m2) in spruce and recently also in oak and beech forests in the Czech Republic, but it seems that they are valid generally, at least in temperate forests. The analyses of proper mycorrhizae from the same plots confirmed data obtained from fruiting bodies. Both the percentage of ectomycorrhizal species and the ratio of active mycorrhizae are highly sensitive to some outer impact to forest ecosystems (air pollution, acidification, fertilization); their decrease is in negative correlation to the strong defoliation of trees and can be used for the prediction of next development in locality, at least in comparable stands, i.e., in the case of similar density of active mycorrhizae and analogous water stress. Key words: air pollution, ectomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizal fungi, temperate forests, forest stability.

scholarly journals Effects of climatic factors and air pollution on damage of London plane (Platanus hispanica Mill.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gregorová ◽  
K. Černý ◽  
V. Holub ◽  
V. Strnadová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
London Plane

London plane (Platanus hispanica Mill.) is considered as very tolerant to pollution and other stresses and in the Czech Republic it has been unaffected by important pathogens until now. However, in recent years the health status of London plane has been significantly deteriorating. During an 11-year survey it was found out that development of London plane damage was characterized by important fluctuations. Minimum value of population damage was 3.6% and maximum 97.5%. The health status of London plane was negatively influenced by long-term precipitation totals, higher total precipitation in May, low average air temperatures in January and May and higher NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations in the vegetation season. Using the multiple regression analysis a highly significant regression model was obtained, wherein the average air temperatures in January and May explain together 84% variability of London plane population damage. During the period of the highest damage, planes were moreover affected by the pathogen Apiognomonia veneta (Sacc. et Spegg.) H&ouml;hn. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The long decade of digital preservation in heritage institutions in the Czech Republic: 2002–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Jan Hutař ◽  
Marek Melichar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Long Term Preservation

This paper aims to give state-of-the-art information about digital preservation activities in the Czech Republic during the last decade to an English-speaking audience. We briefly describe major phases of the “digital” projects. These were mainly in libraries, with some references to museums, galleries and archives. We focus on aspects related to the preservation of collected born-digital and digitised content. Even now, digital preservation activities in heritage institutions are often on the periphery of the interest of all stakeholders and the infrastructure supporting digital preservation of data in heritage institutions is not well financed or coordinated. Even though the “long decade”, which lasted from the dramatic events of 2002 until approximately 2014, saw a number of successful projects creating digital data in Czech libraries, the handful of projects which were in part focused on digital preservation were not flexible enough to accommodate user requirements and were failing to meet expectations. There is still much room for further development in the area of long-term preservation of digital data in the Czech Republic. This article is a shortened version of one of the analyses written under the “Strategy of the research, development and innovation for the years 2010–2015” program of the Moravian Library in Brno, Czech Republic.

scholarly journals  Monitoring of defoliation in forest stands of the Czech Republic and its comparison with results of defoliation monitoring in other European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fabiánek ◽  
K. Hellebrandová ◽  
M. Čapek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Icp Forests ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

&nbsp;As a part of International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effect on Forests (ICP Forests), defoliation of forest stands has been assessed in the Czech Republic since 1986. Defoliation is one of the principal parameters reflecting the health of forest stands that is assessed on monitoring plots within this programme. Monitoring plots are distributed evenly according to woodiness of the area in a regular schematic network all over the Czech Republic. Even though there has been a long-term reduction of air pollution in most European countries, forest ecosystems reflect these changes with some delay. In the Czech Republic the trend of total defoliation of coniferous and deciduous forest stands has been increasing very moderately in the last 10 years. This trend appears to be partially analogous with some neighbouring countries. Compared to the whole of Europe the trend of defoliation of broadleaves is very similar, but differences have occurred in conifers in the last 10 years. There are significant differences in defoliation levels among the particular countries; in this comparison the Czech Republic is classified as one of the worst. Differences in these levels are very evident especially among the neighbouring countries. To partly eliminate these differences, regular international calibration courses are organized. &nbsp;

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto ◽  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Buket Bakan ◽  
Paul Musa Obadia ◽  
Carsi Kuhangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about one million deaths in less than a year. However, it is unclear whether exposure to acute and chronic air pollution influences the COVID-19 epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed in six electronic databases between December 2019 and September 2020. We applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, studies that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, or lethality of COVID-19 in relation with exposure to either short-term or long-term exposure to ambient air pollution were included. All patients regardless of age, sex and location diagnosed as having COVID-19 of any severity were taken into consideration. We synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 10), retrospective cohorts (n = 9), ecological (n = 6 of which two were time-series) and hypothesis (n = 1). Of these studies, 52 and 48% assessed the effect of short-term and long-term pollutant exposure, respectively and one evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied were PM2.5 (64%), NO2 (50%), PM10 (43%) and O3 (29%) for acute effects and PM2.5 (85%), NO2 (39%) and O3 (23%) then PM10 (15%) for chronic effects. Most assessed COVID-19 outcomes were incidence and mortality rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality were first PM2.5 then PM10, NO2 and O3 (only for incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships were found for PM2.5 and NO2. High overall risk of bias judgments (86 and 39% in short-term and long-term exposure studies, respectively) was predominantly due to a failure to adjust aggregated data for important confounders, and to a lesser extent because of a lack of comparative analysis. Conclusion The body of evidence indicates that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution can affect COVID-19 epidemiology. The evidence is unclear for acute exposure due to a higher level of bias in existing studies as compared to moderate evidence with chronic exposure. Public health interventions that help minimize anthropogenic pollutant source and socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce the planetary threat posed by both COVID-19 and air pollution pandemics.

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