scholarly journals Species diversity, abundance and dominance of macromycetes in beech forest stands

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mihál ◽  
K. Bučinová
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Imperfect Fungus ◽  
Aluminium Plant ◽  
Research Period

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of dynamics of species diversity, abundance, distribution of fruiting bodies and dominance of macromycetes in mycocoenosis of beech monocultures. The problems were studied in beech monocultures on three permanent research plots with various impacts of air pollutants generated by the aluminium plant in Žiar nad Hronom. Over the research period we determined 121 macromycete species and one species of imperfect fungus. We found relatively balanced values of abundance, fruiting body distribution and species dominance on all the examined plots. The species diversity in groups consisting of the most dominant species was practically the same on each plot. As for the ecotrophic requirements of individual macromycetes, we can conclude that the diversity of tree parasites decreased with decreasing pollutant load. We also found out relatively balanced numbers of lignicolous saprophytes and terrestrial saprophytes on each research plot. Air pollutants also influenced the species spectrum of ectomycorrhizal macromycetes negatively (only 6 species on the plot with highest pollution stress and <br />21 species on the plot with lowest pollution stress).

Bark pH and susceptibility to toxic air pollutants as independent causes of changes in epiphytic lichen composition in space and time

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. van Herk
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Low Sensitivity

AbstractThe lichen composition on wayside Quercus robur in the Netherlands was related tobark properties (pH, EC, NH4+, SO42-, NO3-)and levels of air pollution (SO2 and NH3). The pH of the bark and the susceptibility to toxic substances appear to be the two major primary factorsaffecting epiphytic lichen composition. These factors have independent effects on the lichen composition.Most of the so-called nitrophytic species appear to have a low sensitivity to toxiceffects of SO2; their only requirement being a high bark pH. An increased bark pH appears to be the primary cause of the enormous increase in nitrophytic species and the disappearance of acidophytic species over the last decade in the Netherlands. Measurements of ambient NH3 concentrations in air show that there is a nearly linear relationship between the NH3concentration andthe abundance of nitrophytes on Quercus. The abundance of nitrophytes was not correlated with SO2 concentrations. Most of the acidophytic species appear very sensitive to NH3 since in areas with concentrations of 35 µg m-3 or more, all acidophytic species have disappeared. Current methods using species diversity to estimate or monitor SO2 air pollution need some modification, otherwise the air quality may be erroneously considered to be relatively good in areas with high NH3 levels.

scholarly journals Studi Tingkat Keanekaragaman Hayati Lahan Bekas Terbakar di Taman Nasional Sebangau & Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Tumbang Nusa

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Mariaty Mariaty ◽  
Purwanto Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetation Species

The forest and land fires in 2015 caused severe damage to forest areas at Sebangau National Park and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa, where the condition has not to be able to recover as before. This research objective is knowing the effect of forest and land fires on vegetation and the succession process that is happened at TN. Sebangau and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa with methodology field survey and making plots (PU) on the burnt and un-burnt forest for the comparison. Data observation and collection were done appropriately with the vegetation strata, namely the level of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees. The data analysis used quantitative with calculating the Species Dominance, Species Diversity, Species Richness, and Species Evenness.The research result shows the un-burnt land was observed in TN. Sebangau there are 29 vegetation species, meanwhile the burnt land there are found only rejuvenation level plants, namely Seedlings and Saplings where there are two vegetation species at TN. Sabangau and 4 vegetation species at KHDTK. For species dominance is indicated by a high INP value, the greater value of INP means the forest composition is good enough in terms of density and frequency of species presence. In Sebangau, the highest value of dominance is Tutup Kabali (Diospyros pseudomalabarica) for the tree level, Rambutan Hutan (Nephelium lappaceum) for pole and sapling levels, and Bangkinang (Elaeocarpus glaber Bl) for seedling level, while in KHDTK is Milas/Tumeh (Combretacarpus rotundatus) for the seedling and sapling levels, and Gerunggang (Cratoxylon arborescens) for pole and tree levels. The Analysis Number of species diversity, richness, and evenness species in the two research locations do not show a high value which from data processing result shows the range is low to moderate, nothing high.On burnt land, the succession process happens very slowly because it experienced the severe degradation of land causing the erosion/ subsidence of soil surface so that the forest floor was flooded as the impact of the open canopy and no shade from the bush that dominated.

scholarly journals Fish diversity in three tributaries of the São Francisco river, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 052-064
Author(s):  
Aline Horodesky ◽  
Gisela Geraldine Castilho-Westphal ◽  
Diogo Barbalho Hungria ◽  
Durval Nascimento ◽  
Eduardo Ratton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
The South ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Federal Highway

We evaluated fish diversity in three tributaries of the São Francisco River, one of the largest watercourses in Brazil. The study site is in the sub-basin of the Carinhanha River [Carinhanha, Cocos (I and II) and Itaguari Rivers], located in the South region of the Bahia state. These rivers are crossed by bridges of the federal highway BR-135. After sampling, upstream and downstream from each bridge, during drought and rain seasons, 3,520 specimens of fish (57 species, 21 families) were captured. The species with highest occurrence were Astyanax cf. taeniatus, Serrapinnus heterodon, Astyanax bimaculatus and Astyanax cf. rivularis. During drought season, the number of specimens captured was higher, leading to an increase of species dominance. In the rainy season, species diversity was higher with a greater distribution of individuals among species. The data indicate the maintenance of the fish faunal structure despite anthropogenic activities on the studied areas.

scholarly journals Diversity of corticolous myxomycetes in the last glacial refugia of Cryptomeria japonica in Japan

Karstenia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 260-274
Author(s):  
Kazunari Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Yakushima Island ◽  
Biogeographical Distribution ◽  
Pacific Side

<em>Cryptomeria japonica</em>, commonly known as Japanese cedar, is now widely distributed from glacial refuges to the entire Japanese archipelago, after the last ice age. The bark surface provides a habitat for many corticolous myxomycetes. Although corticolous myxomycetes are known to prefer tree species, the association between myxomycete distribution and host tree (<em>C. japonica</em>) divergence across the refuges has not been investigated. In this study, myxomycete communities in five refuges were assessed and compared with those in 14 peripheral areas. Bark samples were collected from at least 10 trees per site and were subjected to the moist chamber culture method (10 Petri dishes per tree) to examine the myxomycete fruiting bodies strictly. Environmental variables such as geographical location, climate condition, and bark traits (tree size, bark pH, and electric conductivity) were measured. Fruiting bodies appeared in 91% of the cultures, and 32 taxa (31 species and one varie ty) were recorded. Comparison of the communities between refuges and peripheral sites showed six myxomycete species, Arcyria cinerea, <em>Macbrideola argentea</em>, <em>Cribraria minutissima</em>, <em>Clastoderma debaryanum</em>, <em>Physarum viride</em> and <em>Physarum pusillum</em>, were significantly more abundant in the refuges and these communities preserved higher species diversity. By nonmetric multidimensional scaling, the communities in the Pacific side and the Sea of Japan side were ordered based on snow cover depth, in a pattern similar to the phylogenetic distribution of the host tree. Myxomycete groups were identified in the northern region, the Sea of Japan region, and the southern region (including Yakushima Island) of Japan. Thus, the refugial tree populations preserved the myxomycete species diversity on their bark and functioned as an important hotspot for myxomycetes. The distribution of corticolous myxomycetes was associated with the diversification and biogeographical distribution history of their host tree, <em>C. japonica</em>.

Ixodid ticks in North — Eastern Uzbekistan: fauna, distribution patterns and ecology

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Умркулова ◽  
S. Umrkulova ◽  
Акрамова ◽  
F. Akramova ◽  
Азимов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Flexibility ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Research Period ◽  
North Eastern Part

Objective of research: To study the species diversity of ticks in the north — eastern part of Uzbekistan: fauna, distribution patterns and ecology. Materials and methods: Research samples were collected with the use of common parasitological methods [2, 3, 4]. Host animals were examined once a decade by collecting parasites from certain groups of farm and wild animals. Results and discussion: 13 species of 6 tick genera discovered during the research period on the territory of the north — eastern Uzbekistan: Ixodes persulcatus, I. redikorzevi, I. crenulatus, Haemaphusalis caucasica, Boophilus calcaratus, Dermacentor pictus, D. daghestanicus, D. pavlovskyi, Rhipicephalis turanicus, H. asiaticum, H. detritum, H. anatolicum, H. plumbeum turanikum. Species B. salcaratus, H. asiaticum are distributed in all survey areas what confirms their high ecological flexibility. The extensity of infection of livestock with ticks is rather high — 51.3 — 52.3%. The infestation of synanthropic and wild animals ranged from 37.0 to 40.0%.

Analysis of the Microbial Community in the Leachate Collected from an Experimental Bioleaching Column by Cloning and RFLP

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Mutch ◽  
Elizabeth L.J. Watkin ◽  
Helen R. Watling
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Culture Independent

A culture independent molecular methodology was used to investigate the bacterial and archaeal microbial dynamics of leachate collected from a 60°C chalcopyrite bioleaching column inoculated with a known microbial consortium. A 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed for both the bacterial and archaeal populations in the leachate from the column. PCR-RFLP analysis of these clone libraries indicate species dominance and generally low species diversity.

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