scholarly journals Development of the spruce natural regeneration on mountain sites in the Šumava Mts.

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ulbrichová ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
D. Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Tree Layer

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the spruce natural regeneration growth and development in Modrava and Plechý areas, which represent the first and late bark beetle attack areas. Study was done on 13 permanent research plots, partly with vital tree layer and canopy cover and partly characteristic by open or none canopy, due to bark beetle attack. Actually amount of this regeneration is sufficient (average over 12,000 pcs/ha in the living stands and almost half of this amount in the declined stands) on the both types of plots. Faster growth is usually on the declined plots, with saplings larger amount and height increments, in the higher height classes. Particular interest was aimed to the microhabitat conditions, especially herbal cover influence. There were statistically important differences in the amounts and height growth of the first height class on the different microhabitats. As the most sufficient for the seedlings occurrence appeared to be the dead wood and the least suitable were fern and grasses. For the height growth the least suitable was vital tree foot with litter cover. The results indicate, that declined stands, without vital mature trees and without seed source, will likely develop into more or less even-aged forest.

scholarly journals Development and dynamics of mountain spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten) stand regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Malík ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Štícha
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tree Layer

We summarized development and dynamics of natural regeneration in mountain spruce forests in areas affected by bark beetle gradation in the Šumava National Park. Detailed measurements of the regeneration were carried out using Field-Map technology (www.fieldmap.com) on ten permanent research plots. Research plots included the forests with decaying tree layer, stands in partial decline and stands with a generally healthy, or only partially damaged tree layer. Differences in rates of regeneration are very significant between the particular types of plots, especially in the youngest age class. Differences are also evident in the seedling height under varying treatments. The highest numbers of recruits (9,880 per ha) were found under intact overstorey canopies, while the fastest height growth occurred on clearcuts. This study also investigated and evaluated artificial regeneration done in the past.  

scholarly journals Growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten) from artificial and natural regeneration in the Krkonoše Mts. and air temperature variability

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
K. Matějka ◽  
J. Leugner
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Original Tree ◽  
Altitudinal Zone ◽  
Artificial Origin

Our research was concerned with a description of the influence of variability in average temperatures on the height growth of selected young populations of spruce in the Krkono&scaron;e Mts. Several populations of spruce were evaluated while the majority of them originated by natural regeneration on plots under disturbance of the original tree layer. In addition, several planted spruce populations in similar environmental conditions were also evaluated. The main questions of this study are as follows: is there a difference in height growth between populations of natural and artificial origin? Is it possible to find a relationship between height growth and climate feature during the last several years? The growth of young spruce populations that originated by natural regeneration was different from the growth of the planted populations. The average air temperature in the growing period, estimated as average temperature during the months of May to August, was proved to have a significant influence on year-on-year variability in spruce growth. Based on this finding, it was possible to estimate an increase in the height increment of young spruce caused by warming up since the mid-70s of the 20<sup>th</sup> century to equal approximately 16% per decade in the spruce altitudinal zone in the Krkono&scaron;e Mts. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Modelling natural regeneration of European beech in Saxony, Germany: identifying factors influencing the occurrence and density of regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Axer ◽  
Sven Martens ◽  
Robert Schlicht ◽  
Sven Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe potential utilisation of natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for forest conversion has received little attention to date. Ecological knowledge is necessary to understand and predict successful natural regeneration of beech. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of what drives the occurrence of beech regeneration and, once regeneration is present, what drives its density. In the study, we utilised a forest inventory dataset provided by Sachsenforst, the state forestry service of Saxony, Germany. The dataset was derived from 8725 permanent plots. Zero-altered negative binomial models (ZANB) with spatial random effects were used to analyse factors influencing occurrence and density simultaneously. The results provided by the spatial ZANB models revealed that the probability of the occurrence of beech regeneration is highly dependent on seed availability, i.e. dependent on source trees in close proximity to a plot. The probability of beech regeneration rises with the increasing diameter of a potential seed tree and decreases with increasing distance to the nearest potential seed source. The occurrence of regeneration is affected by overstorey composition and competition exerted by spruce regeneration. Where sites are affected by groundwater or temporary waterlogging, the impact on the occurrence of regeneration is negative. Although distance to the nearest potential seed source has an influence on occurrence, this variable exerts no influence on density. A high regeneration density arises in conjunction with a high beech basal area in the overstorey. Beech regeneration density, but not occurrence, is negatively affected by browsing intensity. These variables can be used to predict the occurrence and density of beech regeneration in space to a high level of precision. The established statistical tool can be used for decision-making when planning forest conversion using natural regeneration.

Silver Maple Seed Sources for Increased Biomass Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kopp ◽  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
South Central ◽  
Maple Seed

Abstract Silver maple shows promise for use in short-rotation intensive culture energy plantings. A seed source study composed of trees from 26 midwest locations was established in south-central Nebraska in 1979 to determine where silver maple seed should be collected for use in the central Great Plains. Trees were evaluated for survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems per tree during their seventh growing season. Sources from eastern Nebraska, western Iowa, eastern Kansas, and northwest Missouri generally exhibited the greatest survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems. Height growth appears to be under stronger genetic control than stem number, suggesting that selection for height should take priority when selecting trees for biomass production. Geographic trends related to survival and height growth, but not stem number, were observed. Environmental or geographic factors that are strong predictors of seed source performance could not be identified. Planting the most locally produced seed is advisable for the central Plains. North. J. Appl. For. 5:180-184, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Performance of Green Ash Seed Sources at Four Locations in the Great Plains Region

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
Keith D. Lynch ◽  
John Row ◽  
Peter Schaeffer ◽  
Walter Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Ash Trees

Abstract Green ash trees from 10 seed sources were planted in a test in 1961 in four states of the Great Plains Region. After more than 20 years, height growth indicates a strong interaction between seed source and plantation location. Larger trees were from southerly sources within about three degrees of latitude of the plantation site. Beyond those limits, cold injury may result. Height and dbh age-age correlations were highly significant at 8 and 20+ years. Height and dbh correlated negatively with a decrease in latitude. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):54–58.

scholarly journals Canopy cover and anurans: nutrients are the most important predictor of growth and development

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya E. Rowland ◽  
Sara K. Tuttle ◽  
María J. González ◽  
Michael J. Vanni
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Primary Producer ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Potential Food

Bottom-up effects such as the availability of light and nutrients can have large impacts on primary producer quantity and quality, which is then translated into the growth and development of consumers. The use of “canopy cover” as a bottom-up predictive factor is a broad categorization, as canopy cover controls both the amount of light allowed into a pond and the nutrient load through leaf litter. To test how light and nutrients influence pond ecosystems, we manipulated inorganic nutrients and light in a 2 × 3 full-factorial, large-scale mesocosm experiment. Larval American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)) were reared for 6 weeks at low densities and then assessed for development, growth, and survival at the end of the experiment. We also collected weekly samples of potential food resources (phytoplankton and periphyton) for the estimation of algal production and stoichiometric quality (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus). Light had strong effects on food resource quality; however, resource quality did not significantly predict tadpole growth or development. Instead, nutrients seemed to be the most important factor as a stimulator of total algal primary production and some unknown pathway, which in turn affected tadpole development. Ours is the first study to investigate canopy cover using a comprehensive causal model, and our results suggest in regards to tadpole growth and development, canopy cover is important mainly as a source of nutrients to ponds.

The Role of Fallen Logs in the Regeneration of Tree Species in Tasmanian Mixed Forest

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Kirkpatrick ◽  
H. J. A. McKenny
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Litter Cover

This study was designed to determine whether fallen logs were a more favourable habitat for tree species establishment than soil in moist eucalypt forest in Tasmania, whether establishment success on logs varied between two forests in contrasting environments, and whether surface and substrate qualities and light conditions were associated with establishment success. Data on tree and shrub species densities and heights by species, moss cover, litter cover, Blechnum wattsii cover, canopy cover, bulk density of the substrate, and substrate surface pH, nitrogen content and phosphorus content were obtained from paired soil and log quadrats. Tree seedlings were found to be significantly more abundant on fallen logs than on adjacent ground at both sites, with the differences being greater at the moister Tahune site than at Mount Field. At Tahune, logs significantly differed from adjacent soil in canopy cover, litter cover, moss cover Blechnum wattsii cover, pH and slope. At Mount Field, there were significant differences between logs and soil in litter cover, moss cover, pH, bulk density and nitrogen. Litter cover may be critical in explaining the superior establishment of trees on logs rather than soil in Tasmanian mixed forest, although the possible impacts of variations in bioturbation and root competition require further research.

Changes in the Summer Wild Bee Community Following a Bark Beetle Outbreak in a Douglas-fir Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel G Foote ◽  
Nathaniel E Foote ◽  
Justin B Runyon ◽  
Darrell W Ross ◽  
Christopher J Fettig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
Bee Abundance

Abstract The status of wild bees has received increased interest following recent estimates of large-scale declines in their abundances across the United States. However, basic information is limited regarding the factors affecting wild bee communities in temperate coniferous forest ecosystems. To assess the early responses of bees to bark beetle disturbance, we sampled the bee community of a Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.), forest in western Idaho, United States during a Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), outbreak beginning in summer 2016. We resampled the area in summer 2018 following reductions in forest canopy cover resulting from mortality of dominant and codominant Douglas-fir. Overall, results from rarefaction analyses indicated significant increases in bee diversity (Shannon’s H) in 2018 compared to 2016. Results from ANOVA also showed significant increases in bee abundance and diversity in 2018 compared to 2016. Poisson regression analyses revealed percent tree mortality from Douglas-fir beetle was positively correlated with increases in total bee abundance and species richness, where community response variables displayed a cubic trend with percent tree mortality. Percent reduction in canopy cover from 2016 to 2018 was also correlated with bee species richness and diversity. These findings suggest that wild bee communities may benefit from changes in forest structure following bark beetle outbreaks.

scholarly journals Contribution of regeneration on dead wood to the spontaneous regeneration of a mountain forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ježek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Spontaneous Regeneration

In the Moravian-Silesian Beskids in the beech/spruce forest vegetation zone, the amount of dead wood was determined (pieces of wood and stumps) in five sample plots in a managed forest and in three plots in the National Nature Reserve (NNR) Kněhyně-Čertův Ml&yacute;n. In plots situated in the managed forest, 22 to 50 m<sup>3</sup>/haof lying wood was found. In the reserve, the volume of fallen wood ranged from 29 to 144 m<sup>3</sup>/ha. The number of stumps in sample plots in the managed forest ranged from 530 to 980 per ha. In the reserve, the number of new stumps did not increase any more and only stumps from the period before the NNR declaration occurred. On the dead wood, spruce is regenerated nearly exclusively. In the managed forest and in the NNR, the number of regenerated spruce plants ranged from 5,000 to 16,000 and from 600 to 4,500 per ha, respectively. In plots where the sufficient amount of dead lying wood and stumps occurred, the proportion of spruce plants regenerated on the substrates amounted to even 75%. Other species (beech and silver fir) regenerated only on the soil surface. A sufficient amount of dead wood for the germination of seedlings can significantly ensure the natural regeneration of spruce in mountain forests.

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