scholarly journals Occurrence, development and economic importance of Phratora (= Phyllodecta) vitellinae (L.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 357-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Salix Fragilis ◽  
In Captivity

The paper summarizes results of the study of the occurrence, development and harmfulness of Phratora (= Phyllodecta) vitellinae (L.). The majority of studies was carried out in 1998 to 2005 in riparian and accompanying stands of the Svitava and Svratka rivers in the region of Brno and in a laboratory. Imagoes leave hibernation hiding places at the end of April and at the beginning of May. In captivity, they lived on Salix fragilis about 2.5 months damaging on average 28.6 cm<sup>2 </sup>leaf blades and laying on average 293 eggs. In the excessively warm growing season of 2005, imagoes lived about 3.5 months after hibernation, however, already after one month of feeding they fell in a month diapause at the beginning of June. Before its start, they damaged on average 12.8 cm<sup>2</sup> (after the diapause 14.4 cm<sup>2</sup>) leaves and laid on average 389 eggs (of this number, 260 eggs before and 129 after the diapause). Larvae damage about 4 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves during 2 to 3 weeks (in the laboratory during 12 to 13 days). After 2 to 3 weeks (in the laboratory after 10 to 12 days) from the cessation of feeding young beetles appear on trees. Imagoes of the 1<sup>st</sup> generation occur from mid-June to the beginning of October. During about 55 days of life, they damaged 19 cm<sup>2 </sup>leaves and laid on average 182 eggs. Imagoes of the 2<sup>nd</sup> generation occur from mid-August to the end of the growing season. After 10 to 14 days of feeding (without previous copulation), they take shelter in wintering places. In the laboratory, however, these imagoes damaged about 19 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves during 2 months and laid about 190 eggs. Wintering places were looked up by imagoes of the 3<sup>rd</sup> generation which damaged on average 4.2 cm<sup>2 </sup>leaves before hibernation. In the Czech Republic, P. vitellinae is usually bivoltine the 2<sup>nd</sup> generation being always incomplete.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Miroslava Navrátilová ◽  
Markéta Beranová ◽  
Lucie Severová ◽  
Karel Šrédl ◽  
Roman Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

scholarly journals Gap regeneration and dynamics: the case study of mixed forests at Křtiny in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorný ◽  
Lumír Dobrovolný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Gap Regeneration

Abstract Gap regeneration remains the best silviculture technique for sustainable forest regeneration in mixed forests. The study examined tree species composition, diversity and dynamics of natural regeneration in gaps under three contrasting forest stands at Křtiny in the Czech Republic. In spring 2013, experimental gap design begins, when semi-permanent 1 m2 circular sub-sampling plots along North-South-East-West transects were delineated under 6 selected natural canopy openings ≤ 20 m2. In winter 2013/14, these naturally originated openings were artificially enlarged to the current gap sizes ranging between 255 and 1149 m2 through group felling. Natural regeneration in gaps was measured four times: from the growing season before disturbance (BD) in 2013 to the next three consecutive growing seasons after disturbance in 2014 – 2016, respectively. Seven (7) new species with light demanding growth strategy that were previously not present at mother stands were occurring there during the first growing season after disturbance (FGS), yielding the highest taxa (14 species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index, H = 1.7) while BD attained the lowest (8 species; H = 0.9), respectively. Study site being part of Fagus sylvatica vegetation community and providing favorable natural conditions for the optimal growth of Picea abies significantly explains the regeneration dominance of these species in gap regeneration from BD until the third growing season after disturbance (TGS), respectively. Small scale gap-disturbance contributed to the higher regeneration densities of all studied species during FGS. However, drought, competition from other life forms, and browsing activities substantially caused a progressive decline in natural regeneration during three consecutive years after disturbance.

Ecology of Pectinatella magnifica and associated algae and cyanobacteria

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Šetlíková ◽  
Olga Skácelová ◽  
Jan Šinko ◽  
Josef Rajchard ◽  
Zuzana Balounová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Bryozoan Species ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Pectinatella Magnifica

AbstractThe freshwater bryozoan species Pectinatella magnifica was found in 6 sandpits and in 19 mostly extensively managed ponds in the Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve Třeboňsko (Czech Republic) from its first record (in 2003) to 2012. Mean fresh biomass and abundance of P. magnifica colonies were 0.6 ± 1.5 kg m−2 and 0.7 ± 1.1 colony m−2 (± SD), respectively, in the shoreline zone during the growing season 2006–2011. The maximum biomass was mostly recorded during the first half of August in all basins. Colonization of further localities was recorded rather than increasing of P. magnifica biomass or abundance in 2012. There were no correlations between water temperature or water transparency and biomass/abundance of P. magnifica during the growing season. P. magnifica colonies preferred to grow on the branches or roots (especially of Salix sp.) to aquatic macrophytes and stones. Most of the water bodies, where this bryozoan species occurred, had lower concentration of total phosphorus in the water when compared with the typical fishponds in the Czech Republic. Inner space of colonies of P. magnifica provided suitable higher trophic level substrate when compared with the water of the sandpits/fishponds especially for green coccal algae. A massive algal colonization was indentified in decomposing colonies at the end of the growing season.

scholarly journals Trends in intake and outcomes for European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in the Czech rescue centers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248422
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lukešová ◽  
Eva Voslarova ◽  
Vladimir Vecerek ◽  
Marijana Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
European Hedgehog ◽  
Human Care

The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a species found in abundance throughout Europe. Nevertheless, it has seen a decline in some regions. This study aimed to analyze trends in intake and outcomes for hedgehogs admitted into rescue centers in the Czech Republic. In the period from 2010 to 2019, 16,967 European hedgehogs were admitted in 34 rescue centers in the Czech Republic. Most hedgehogs were admitted in September (25.30%) and October (22.14%), the fewest in March (0.96%). Most admitted hedgehogs were hoglets (59.49%). The treatment was successful in 44.39% of admitted hedgehogs; those were subsequently released into the wild. On average, they stayed in rescue centers for 48.77 days (median of 30 days). Death or euthanasia was an outcome for 25.27% and 3.15% of admitted hedgehogs, respectively. Only 0.59% of the hedgehogs remained in captivity with a permanent handicap. The highest release rate was achieved in hedgehogs admitted after falls into pits and other openings (83.19%), whereas the least success was achieved in poisoned hedgehogs (13.21%). An increasing trend (rSp = 0.9273, p < 0.01) was found in the number of hedgehogs admitted to rescue centers during the monitored period. Furthermore, not all of them required human care. Given the fact that less than a half of the admitted hedgehogs could be released, raising public awareness of this issue could help to avoid unnecessary interventions (especially in hoglets).

scholarly journals Significance of Sexual Reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1197
Author(s):  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Discs

A total of 187 naturally late blight‑diseased potato leaves were sampled from 31 sites and five regions of the Czech Republic during the growing season in 2012–2014 and 2016 and examined microscopically for the ability of Phytophthora infestans to produce oospores in infected leaves under field conditions. Although the occurrence of the A1 and A2 mating types required for sexual reproduction of P. infestans was previously confirmed in the Czech Republic, no oospores were detected in this study. To study the effect of temperature on the survival of oospores produced from crosses of three pairs of P. infestans isolates, oospores in leaf discs and agar were exposed to temperatures ranging from –24 to 10 °C and then evaluated for viability with the plasmolysis test. Oospore viability ranged from 13.02 to 63.90 % and from 7.77 to 63.37 % for oospores produced in agar and leaf discs, respectively, with the highest frequencies of viable oospores occurring at 4 and 10 °C. To determine whether oospores may survive under field conditions, agar plates with oospores were buried in soil in Prague‑Suchdol and Svitavy for seven months during the overwintering period (October–May) in 2011–2015. There were statistically significant differences in oospore viability examined by the plasmolysis test between the localities, and oospore viability ranged from 29 to 43 % and from 15 to 44 % in Prague‑Suchdol and Svitavy, respectively.

scholarly journals Fusarium spp. In wheat grain in the Czech Republic analysed by PCR method

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nedělník ◽  
H. Moravcová ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
K. Lancová ◽  
M. Váňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The frequency of occurrence of four <I>Fusarium</I> spp. on wheat in the Moravia region, Czech Republic, was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Grain samples were collected during 2003–2006 at grain purchase centres. The dominant species was <I>F. graminearum</I>, which was recorded in all samples of the first 3 years of the study and in 88% of them in 2006. The previously more frequent <I>F. culmorum</I> was detected in 100 % of the samples only in 2005; in the preceding two years the frequency of its detection was lower, 84% and 60%, and in 2006 it was detected in 55% of the samples. <I>Fusarium avenaceum</I> had a very low occurrence in the years 2003–2004, but in 2005 it was recorded in 100% of the samples. In 2006 it was the opposite – total absence of this species. A quite different situation was found in the occurrence of the fourth species – <I>F. poae</I>. In the years 2005 and 2006 it was only detected in 10%, resp. 2% of the samples, compared to markedly higher occurrences in the previous years. A comparison of the current weather development with the long-term mean at the Troubsko locality suggests that years with a relatively long, wet and cold start of the growing season and warmer end of vegetation (late May–July) will favour <I>F. graminearum</I>.

Risk occurrences of damaging frosts during the growing season of vegetables in the Elbe River lowland, the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Potop ◽  
Pavel Zahraniček ◽  
Luboš Türkott ◽  
Petr Štěpánek ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Elbe River

Driving role of snow cover on soil moisture and drought development during the growing season in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3741-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Potopová ◽  
Constanţa Boroneanţ ◽  
Martin Možný ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Importance of non-wood forest product collection and use for inhabitants in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Šišák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Czech Republic

The article investigates the socio-economic importance of collection and use of non-wood forest products (NWFP) for inhabitants in the Czech Republic (CR) in 2005 and brings a comparison with former investigations and research projects. The research project consisted of these parts in 2005: 1. Analysis of hitherto performed research projects and their results in 1999&ndash;2003, 2. Investigation of quantities and values of NWFP collected in 2004 and 2005, 3. Specific investigation of socio-economic importance of NWFP collection and use. The results of respective investigations prove NWFP collection being quite important for the inhabitants of the CR. The importance consists in the material value of picked commodities on the average annual level higher than 3,000 mil. CZK. Nevertheless, collecting NWFP is considered as a very important recreational activity. Only a small part of the population collecting NWFP (about 12%) collects NWFP to save money.

EVALUATION OF NOISE ATTENUATION OF BARRIERS WITH GREENERY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Petra Marková ◽  
Vítězslav Křivánek ◽  
Blanka Hablovičová ◽  
Jindřich Frič
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Noise Attenuation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Noise Barrier

The article is focused on the measurements of different types of “environmental” built noise barriers (semi-vegetation, green belt, barriers with vegetation) which were measured in the different places in the Czech Republic. In situ measuring was carried out in accordance with the standard ISO 1996. Short-term synchronous measurements were carried out in front of and behind the noise barrier and the effectiveness of noise barriers was determined. The measurement results show a slight increase in acute attenuation in anti-noise elements using vegetation. During the growing season, when greening occurs, a more pronounced acoustic attenuation compared to dormancy has been clearly demonstrated. This research was supported by the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic.

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