scholarly journals Regime and dynamics of soil moisture in forest ecosystems of Záhorská lowland

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
L. Tužinský
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Town ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Wilting Point

The paper describes the regime and dynamics of the soil moisture content of sandy soils in Záhorská lowland during different growing seasons. Research plots are situated near Kamenný mlyn, approximately 3 km from Plavecký Štvrtok and 8 km southward from the town of Malacky. Changes in the soil moisture content are described by soil moisture constants (MCC, PDA, WP) and its relation to atmospheric precipitation and to the character of undergrowth is shown. The low water-holding capacity of sandy soils and their high drainage together with dense root system do not allow the sufficient saturation of soil during the growing season. The low wilting point value (2%) leads to the consumption of all available water in the soil. The most frequent is the semiarid interval of soil moisture (PDA –WP) with reduced availability of water to plants (> pF 3.1). The arid interval (< WP) occurrence on hot summer days results in a decrease in transpiration and assimilation intensity of plants, their physiological weakening and premature fall of assimilation organs. 

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture condition on the conversion rate of oxamyl.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
J.H. Smelt ◽  
A. Dekker ◽  
M. Leistra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Wilting Point

The decomposition of oxamyl in four soils under moist conditions was measured in incubation experiments at 15 deg C. Half-lives of oxamyl in soils with moisture tensions of approx. -9.8 X 103 Pa were 13 days in a clay loam, 14 days in a loamy sand, 34 days in a peaty sand and 39 days in a humic loamy sand. The rate of oxamyl decomposition in the clay loam decreased with decreasing soil moisture content down to values for below wilting point. Oxamyl decomposition in the humic loamy sand decreased with decreasing soil moisture content, but increased sharply in the very dry range. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

scholarly journals Effect of amount and time of incorporation of forest litter on soil physical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Paardensha Ivy Chinir ◽  
Manoj Dutta ◽  
Rizongba Kichu ◽  
Sewak Ram
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Holding

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of forest litter and its time of incorporation on soil physical properties. The study showed that plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS (Days Before Sowing) had significantly higher soil moisture content as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS after 30 and 60 DAS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation had no significant effect on soil moisture content at 90 DAS. At 30 DAS, application of forest litter @ 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at a rate of 4.11 and 11.42 per cent, respectively over control. At 60 DAS, application of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at the rate of 15.05, 17.26 and 25.65 per cent, respectively over control. At 90 DAS, a trend was noticed which showed that soil moisture content significantly increased at a progressive rate with each increase in the dose of forest litter application. At 90 DAS, the addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1and 9 t ha-1 increased the soil moisture content @ 10.16, 17.84 and 22.20 per cent, respectively over control. The plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS had significantly higher hydraulic conductivity, per cent aggregates and mean weight diameter as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation i.e., at 30 and 45 DBS had no significant effect on bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity. Incorporation of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly decreased the bulk density at the rate of 3.67, 8.65 and 14.14 per cent; while particle density increased at the rate of 2.59, 3.42 and 6.61 per cent, respectively when compared to control. The addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in water holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity at a rate of 3.72, 4.65 and 6.77 per cent and 24.13, 32.30 and 41.73 per cent, respectively over control. Further, the application of forest litter @ 3t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the per cent aggregate and mean weight diameter of the soil @ 1.77, 3.49 and 6.58 per cent 17.31, 26.28 and 41.35 per cent, respectively over control. The study revealed that incorporating 9 t ha-1 of forest litter at 45 DBS had the most beneficial effect on soil physical properties.

Effects of Mulches on Soil Water Content and Water Status of Tea Plants in Kenya

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Othieno
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYSoil moisture content and plant water status of young clonal tea plants were affected differently by five different types of mulches (black plastic, stone chippings and three types of grass) when compared with a control without mulch. During prolonged droughts, soil moisture content was generally highest under Napier grass and black plastic but any type of mulch was better than no mulch in conserving moisture to 90 cm depth. Tensiometer data at the onset of rains after an unusual prolonged dry season suggest that the infiltration was fastest under grass mulches. After four years of continuous application grass mulches had significantly most effect on water holding capacity, but induced shallow rooting systems, which made the mulched tea more susceptible to drought.

scholarly journals Role of Climatic Factors In The Toxicity of Fipronil Toward Earthworms In Two Tropical Soils: Effects of Increased Temperature And Reduced Soil Moisture Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuanne Braúlio Hennig ◽  
Paulo Roger Lopes Alves ◽  
Felipe Ogliari Bandeira ◽  
Liziara da Costa Cabrera ◽  
Jonas Simon Dugatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Water Contents

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on the toxicity of fipronil toward earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in two Brazilian soils (Entisol and Oxisol) with contrasting textures. In the case of Entisol, the influence of the soil moisture content on the toxicity was also investigated. Earthworms were exposed for 56 days to soils spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil under scenarios with different combinations of temperature (20, 25 and 27 ºC) and soil moisture content (60 and 30% of water holding capacity (WHC) for Entisol and 60% WHC for Oxisol). The number of juveniles produced was taken as the endpoint and a risk assessment was performed based on the hazard quotient (HQ). In Entisol, at 60% WHC the fipronil toxicity decreased at 27 ºC compared with the other temperatures tested (EC50 = 52.58, 48.48 and 110 mg kg-1 for 20, 25 and 27 ºC, respectively). In the case of Oxisol at 60% WHC, the fipronil toxicity increased at 27 ºC compared with other temperatures (EC50 = 277.57, 312.87 and 39.89 mg kg-1 at 20, 25 and 27 ºC, respectively). An increase in fipronil toxicity was also observed with a decrease in soil moisture content in Entisol at 27 ºC (EC50 = 27.95 and 110 mg kg-1 for 30% and 60% WHC, respectively). The risk of fipronil was only significant at 27 ºC in Entisol and Oxisol with water contents of 30% and 60% WHC, respectively, revealing that higher temperatures can increase the risk of fipronil toxicity toward earthworms. The results reported herein show that soil properties associated with climatic shifts could enhance the ecotoxicological effects and risk of fipronil for earthworms, depending on the type of soil.

The critical relationship between soil moisture content in the region of wilting point and the mineralization of natural soil nitrogen

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Wilting Point

1. Laboratory incubation studies with topsoil samples of the Kikuyu red loam coffee soil have shown that active nitrification of the natural soil nitrogen stops at a soil moisture level just below the permanent wilting percentage. Ammonification of natural nitrogen in this soil does not cease at this moisture level and ammonia nitrogen accumulates substantially, although the values found at the end of the 32-day incubation period, and the rate of ammonification are significantly lower as the moisture level is decreased from ⅚ to of the permanent wilting percentage.

scholarly journals Aspect and soil textural controls on snowmelt runoff on forested Boreal Plain hillslopes

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Redding ◽  
Kevin Devito
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

Plot studies were conducted on a jack pine forest with sandy soil and aspen forests with sandy and loam soils to examine the controls of slope aspect, soil texture and fall soil moisture content on near-surface snowmelt runoff and infiltration. It was hypothesized that near-surface runoff would be greater from north-facing slopes on loam soils with increased fall soil moisture content. Fall soil moisture had no measurable effect on spring snowmelt runoff. Infiltration of snowmelt dominated (drainage coefficients 53–100%, median 87%) over near-surface runoff (runoff coefficients 1–65%, median 7%) for most plots. Runoff was related to concrete frost at the mineral soil surface. In contrast to the processes hypothesized, south-facing hillslopes with sandy soils generated greater runoff than north-facing slopes or sites with finer-textured soils. These results were due to greater concrete frost development resulting from periodic spring snowmelt and re-freezing in the upper soil. South-facing hillslopes with sandy soils featured lower canopy cover, allowing greater solar radiation to reach the snow surface which led to the formation of concrete frost and faster melt rates resulting in near-surface runoff. Where hillslopes are connected to receiving surface waters by continuous concrete frost, snowmelt runoff at the watershed scale may be enhanced.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Pedotransfer Functions to Estimate Soil Moisture Content at Field Capacity and Permanent Wilting Point for South African Soils

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2639
Author(s):  
Lindumusa Myeni ◽  
Thandile Mdlambuzi ◽  
David Garry Paterson ◽  
Gert De Nysschen ◽  
Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
South African ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Wilting Point

This study was undertaken to develop new pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the estimation of soil moisture content at field capacity (FC, at −33 kPa) and permanent wilting point (PWP, at −1500 kPa) for South African soils based on easily measurable soil physico-chemical properties. The new PTFs were developed using stepwise multiple linear regressions with the dependent variable (either FC or PWP) against clay, silt, sand and soil organic carbon (SOC) content from a total of 3171 soil horizons as the explanatory variables. These new PTFs were evaluated and compared with five well-established PTFs using a total of 3136 soil horizons as an independent dataset. The coefficient of determination (r2) values for the existing PTFs ranged from 0.65–0.72 for FC and 0.72–0.81 for PWP, whilst those developed in this study were 0.77 and 0.82 for FC and PWP, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for the well-established PTFs ranged from 0.052–0.058 kg kg−1 for FC and 0.030–0.036 kg kg−1 for PWP, whilst those developed in this study were 0.047 and 0.029 kg kg−1 for FC and PWP, respectively. These findings suggest that PTFs derived locally using a large number of soil horizons acquired from different agro-climatic locations improved the estimation of soil moisture at FC and PWP. Due to the range of conditions and large soil datasets used in this study, it is concluded that these new PTFs can be applied with caution in other regions facing data scarcity but with similar soil types and climatic conditions.

Soil Moisture Memory in AGCM Simulations: Analysis of Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) Data

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia I. Seneviratne ◽  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Zhichang Guo ◽  
Paul A. Dirmeyer ◽  
Eva Kowalczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Memory Characteristics ◽  
Coupling Experiment

Abstract Soil moisture memory is a key aspect of land–atmosphere interaction and has major implications for seasonal forecasting. Because of a severe lack of soil moisture observations on most continents, existing analyses of global-scale soil moisture memory have relied previously on atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, with derived conclusions that are probably model dependent. The present study is the first survey examining and contrasting global-scale (near) monthly soil moisture memory characteristics across a broad range of AGCMs. The investigated simulations, performed with eight different AGCMs, were generated as part of the Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Overall, the AGCMs present relatively similar global patterns of soil moisture memory. Outliers are generally characterized by anomalous water-holding capacity or biases in radiation forcing. Water-holding capacity is highly variable among the analyzed AGCMs and is the main factor responsible for intermodel differences in soil moisture memory. Therefore, further studies on this topic should focus on the accurate characterization of this parameter for present AGCMs. Despite the range in the AGCMs’ behavior, the average soil moisture memory characteristics of the models appear realistic when compared to available in situ soil moisture observations. An analysis of the processes controlling soil moisture memory in the AGCMs demonstrates that it is mostly controlled by two effects: evaporation’s sensitivity to soil moisture, which increases with decreasing soil moisture content, and runoff’s sensitivity to soil moisture, which increases with increasing soil moisture content. Soil moisture memory is highest in regions of medium soil moisture content, where both effects are small.

scholarly journals Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood in Ground Contact—Part 2: Development of a Dose–Response Model to Predict Decay Rate

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Brendan Nicholas Marais ◽  
Philip Bester van Niekerk ◽  
Christian Brischke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding

In this article a dose–response model was developed to describe the effect of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water-holding capacity, on the decay of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood specimens exposed to soil contact. The developed dose–response model represents a step forward in incorporating soil-level variables into the prediction of wood decay over time. This builds upon prior models such as those developed within the TimberLife software package, but also aligns with similar modeling methodology employed for wood exposed above ground. The model was developed from laboratory data generated from terrestrial microcosm trials which used test specimens of standard dimension, incubated in a range of soil conditions and temperatures, for a maximum period of 16 weeks. Wood mass loss was used as a metric for wood decay. The dose aspect of the developed function modelled wood mass loss in two facets; soil temperature against wood mass loss, and soil water-holding capacity and soil moisture content against wood mass loss. In combination, the two functions describe the wood mass loss as a function of a total daily exposure dose, accumulated over the exposure period. The model was deemed conservative, delivering an overprediction of wood decay, or underprediction of wood service-life, when validated on a similar, but independent dataset (R2 = 0.65). Future works will develop similar models for outdoor, field-trial datasets as a basis for service-life prediction of wooden elements used in soil contact.

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