scholarly journals Salicylic acid ameliorates salinity tolerance in maize by regulation of phytohormones and osmolytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 533-541
Author(s):  
Abeer Elhakem
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution

Salinity is one of the most widespread stresses responsible for water and soil pollution across the globe. Salicylic acid (SA) has a major role in defence responses against various abiotic stresses. In the current study, SA (0.05 mmol) influences were evaluated in mitigation of the negative impact of salinity (40 and 80 mmol NaCl) in the maize plant. NaCl stress-induced significant accumulation of organic osmolytes (total soluble sugars (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), and proline) by 35.6, 66.2, and 89.2%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl. In addition, salinity is also responsible for the elevated accumulation of inorganic osmolytes (Na<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio) by 202.4% and 398.8%, respectively, and for the reduction in the K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels by 48.6% and 58.9%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl. Moreover, salinity stress reduced phytohormones (indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3)) by 48.8% and 59.8%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl; however, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased by 340.5% with 80 mmol NaCl. Otherwise, SA application caused an additional enhancement in TSS, TSP, proline, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, IAA, and GA3 contents but decreased the Na<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio, and ABA to an appreciable level. In conclusion, SA pre-soaking mitigates the negative impact of NaCl toxicity in maize through the regulation of phytochromes and various organic and inorganic osmolytes, which may ameliorate salinity tolerance in maize.  

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes of Some Chemical Components in the Leaves of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Nezahat Turfan ◽  
Sezgin Ayan ◽  
Esra Nurten Yer ◽  
Halil Barış Özel
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
H2o2 Concentration ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Different Ages

Background and Purpose: This study presents the analysis of photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble protein, total amino acids, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the leaf samples collected from oriental beech trees, which are naturally spread in Kastamonu Province, Turkey, with differing ages, enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Material and Methods: The research was carried out on oriental beech trees (Fagus orientalis L.) of different ages located at 1300 m high elevation in Ahlat Village of Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Oriental beech trees of different ages (≥25, ≥50, ≥100, ≥200 and ≥600 years-old) constituted the material of this study. In leaf samples taken from trees of different ages, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), proline, total soluble protein, total amino acid, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, the amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, MDA, H2O2 concentration, enzyme activities of APX, CAT and SOD, as well as the relationship between the total content of C, N and H elements and the tree ages were studied. Results: As a result of the research conducted, significant differences were determined in terms of chlorophyll, total phenolic compound, flavonoid, glucose, amounts of sucrose, nitrogenous compounds, proline, total soluble protein, MDA, H 2O2 concentrations, and the activities of APX, CAT and SOD in the leaves of oriental beech trees with differing ages. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found to be in the youngest age group of ≥25 years. Total chlorophyll is low in young trees and high in middle-aged, old and very old trees. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the MDA and H2O2 concentrations in the trees did not vary depending on the age of trees only, but also on the genotype, environmental conditions and metabolic activities. It was concluded that the fact that the total chlorophyll, phenolic compounds and sucrose content in oriental beech trees are high and that MDA content is low could have an influence on the long life of ≥600 years-old oriental beech trees. Conclusions: The activity of photosynthesis is related to leaf characteristics more than the age of trees.

scholarly journals Hydropriming as inducer of salinity tolerance in sunflower seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janete R. Matias ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Caio C. P. Leal ◽  
Moadir de S. Leite ◽  
Sara M. C. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Sunflower is a species with multiple potentialities and its yield can be affected by the presence of soluble salts in the soil, which is common in arid, semi-arid and irrigated regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydropriming as inducer of salinity tolerance in seeds and seedlings of sunflower, hybrid MG305CP. The germination tests were set with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment, maintained in germinator at 30 ºC for ten days. To simulate salinity, sodium chloride diluted in distilled water was used at electrical conductivities of 0 (control), 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS m-1. On the tenth day, the number of normal seedlings was counted and the length and dry matter of shoots and roots were determined. Seedling fresh matter was used to determine the contents of total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and proline. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme (with and without hydropriming and five levels of salinity). Hydroprimed sunflower seeds showed greater vigor expression, with higher number of normal seedlings and faster germination.

scholarly journals Effect of UV-B Radiation on Germination of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-891
Author(s):  
Nagendram Erram ◽  
Anil Gaddameedi ◽  
Swapna Siddamalla ◽  
Tumu Venkat Reddy ◽  
Manjula Bhanoori
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Proline Concentration

ABSTRACT: In the present investigation, Maize seeds of hybrid NK 6240 and 900M Gold were exposed to UV-B (280-320 nm) for periods of 40 and 60 minutes and compared with the control without exposer to UV-B. The biochemical changes associated with UV-B induced resistance were investigated by determination of proline concentration, total soluble sugars, total soluble protein, malondialdehyde content and free amino acids from leaves and roots. Also comparison for germination percentage between control and treated seeds was carried along with biochemical traits. Analysis of variance explains both the hybrids were significantly different in germination percentage, total soluble sugars, proline and free amino acids. Whereas both treatments showed high significant variation for all the studied traits, but genotype × treatment interaction was non-significant for all the traits. 40 minutes UV-B treated seeds showed reduced total soluble sugars and increased malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble protein content. In 60 minutes UV-B treatment, decrease in free amino acids, proline, percentage of germination, and total soluble protein and increase in total soluble sugars was observed.

Amelioration of salinity tolerance in cowpea plants by seed treatment with methyl jasmonate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Sadeghipour
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity on cowpea. Seeds were soaked in 0, 25 and 50 µM MeJA for 20 h and then the seedlings were irrigated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM). Salt stress markedly decreased growth attributes namely shoot length, shoot and root dry weight and leaf area. NaCl stress also significantly reduced chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total soluble proteins and relative water content (RWC). Furthermore, salinity noticeably increased proline and total soluble sugars content. Nonetheless, seeds treatment with MeJA especially 50 µM, improved the growth of cowpea plants by increasing chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total soluble proteins, proline accumulation, total soluble sugars and RWC under salt stress conditions. Thus results indicate that pretreatment of seeds with MeJA could be used as an effective technique for improving cowpea plants tolerance to salt stress.

scholarly journals Osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant metabolism during germination of vigorous maize seeds subjected to water deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42476
Author(s):  
Camila Segalla Prazeres ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The objective of this work was to evaluate the alterations of antioxidant enzyme reserves and antioxidant enzymes during germination under water deficit in maize hybrids and to associate with seed vigor, determining the mechanisms related to tolerance for this stress. Two three-way maize hybrids were characterized by their vigor at different levels of water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. Next, the seeds were hydrated at different osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.3, and -0.9 MPa) and removed at different times to assess the levels of the total soluble protein, total soluble sugars, proline, starch, and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. The analysis of variance, Tukey test at 5% and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. The vigorous hybrid (HT1) was more efficient than the low vigor hybrid seeds (HT2) in mobilizing the total soluble protein during the initial stages of germination and the total soluble sugars before and after root protrusion under water deficit in addition to increasing the catalase activity at the different osmotic potentials that were assessed.

Salicylic acid-induced salinity tolerance in corn grown under NaCl stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Gautam ◽  
Pramod K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Nacl Stress

scholarly journals The effect of salinity stress on ions and soluble sugars distribution in leaves, leaf sheaths and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nemati ◽  
F. Moradi ◽  
S. Gholizadeh ◽  
M.A. Esmaeili ◽  
M.R. Bihamta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Dry Weight

In order to investigate the solutes accumulation associated with salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), two rice genotypes including IR651 (salt-tolerant) and IR29 (salt-sensitive) were grown hydroponically in the Youshida nutrient solution. Salinity treatment was imposed 3 weeks after sowing using NaCl in two levels 0 and 100 mmol. Samples were separately collected from the youngest (sixth) leaves, leaf sheaths and roots at 72 and 240 h after salinization; then Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, P, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> and total soluble sugars concentration and Na+/K<sup>+</sup> ratio were determined. Total dry weight of both genotypes decreased with the application of NaCl. Salinity caused higher accumulation of Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> in the sixth leaf and leaf sheath of IR29 than in IR651 while their concentration in root of IR651 was higher. K<sup>+</sup> concentration was decreased in the sixth leaf and leaf sheath of IR29 under NaCl stress. Reduction in Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg2+ concentrations were observed in sixth leaves of both genotypes. P concentration was increased in leaf sheath and root of IR29 under saline conditions while it showed no changes in IR651. Our results indicated that the tolerant genotype had mechanisms to prevent high Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> accumulation in the sixth leaf. High total soluble sugars concentration in shoot of IR651 is probably for adjusting osmotic potential and better water uptake under salinity. These mechanisms help plant to avoid tissue death and enable to continue its growth and development under saline conditions. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effectiveness of different methods of salicylic acid application on growth characteristics of tomato seedlings under salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazem Souri ◽  
Ghasem Tohidloo
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

Abstract Background Soil salinity is a real challenge in nowadays crop production in many regions. Various strategies have been applied to increase plant salinity tolerance. Salicylic acid (SA) frequently has been reported to increase plant salinity tolerance; however, the comparative efficiency of soil (root) or foliar application of SA has not been well tested yet. In this study, the effects of root or leaf pretreatment, and leaf treatment with 100 mg L−1 salicylic acid were evaluated on growth characteristics of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) under salinity stress. The plants were grown 3 weeks in sand that were fed with Hoagland nutrient solution with or without 100 mM NaCl. Results The results showed that salinity significantly reduced tomato seedling growth and traits of plant height, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and nutrient concentration of potassium, calcium, iron and zinc compared to control plants. However, leaf SPAD value, root fresh and dry weights, leaf concentration of sodium, proline and soluble sugars were significantly increased under 100 mM NaCl salinity compared to control plants. Application of salicylic acid particularly by foliar pretreatment increased the tomato plant growth and those traits that were reduced by NaCl salinity. Application of SA, particularly foliar pretreatment, also increased the root fresh and dry weights, leaf proline and soluble sugars concentrations as compared with salinity alone. Foliar SA pretreatment significantly increased leaf K and Fe concentrations, whereas leaf Ca was significantly increased by either root or leaf pretreatment with SA under salinity. Conclusion The results indicate that the most to least effective method of SA application was leaf pretreatment, root pretreatment and leaf treatment, respectively, to recover the reduced growth parameters of tomato plant under salinity stress.

scholarly journals Improving Quality Attributes of Tomato during Cold Storage by Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Potassium Thiosulfate

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Wael M. Semida ◽  
Ahmed E. Emara ◽  
Mohammed A. Barakat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars

The aim of this trial was to investigate the pre-harvest foliar application of calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate each at 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 % on some quality of tomato fruit (hybrid 65010) during cold storage. The experimental layout of cold storage experiments was a split-split-plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks design with three replications. Time of cold storage, calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate levels were randomly distributed in the main, sub-and sub-sub plots, orderly. At the termination of cold storage, effect on tomato fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C and lycopene contents while, negative impact on firmness and total soluble sugars contents was obtained. At termination of cold storage, pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride at 0.2 and/or 0.4 % caused increments in fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. In addition, pre-harvest foliar potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % enhanced fruit vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents and also increased titratable acidity content. Generally, the interaction between cold storage × pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride or potassium thiosulfate at 0.2 and/or 0.4% increased fruit total titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. Also, the interaction between pre-harvest calcium chloride × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was distinguished and increased all studied fruit quality at the end of cold storage. The interaction treatment of cold storage × calcium chloride at 0.4 % × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was the best that improved fruit quality more than others.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

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