scholarly journals The effect of long-term fertilization on the sulphur content in soil and in the mountain meadow sward (Czarny Potok)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
M. Kopeć ◽  
K. Gondek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up

The influence of long-term regular mineral fertilization on the soil environment considering the total sulphur and the sulphur balance in the habitat of the permanent mountain meadow was investigated. The experimental field (set up in 1968) is situated at Czarny Potok (20°8’ E, 49°4’ N) in the central part of the Polish Carpathian. With completed annual NPK fertilisation 1.8 kg S/ha was introduced into the soil. The highest sulphur amount was found in the 0–10 cm horizon and this value slightly exceeded the content considered as natural. The sulphur content in the sward from Czarny Potok was lower than the mean sulphur content calculated in Poland for grasses (0.21% S). In the case of full NPK fertilisation the amount of removed sulphur ranged from 11.4 to 14.0 kg S/ha. The mean sulphur leaching into the soil profile from surface of 1 ha can be estimated from 1.1 to 3.7 kg S/ha.

scholarly journals MICRONUTRIENT CONTENTS IN THE PROFILE OF A RECOVERED SOIL WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE AND NATIVE SPECIES OF ATLANTIC FOREST

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Lívia Mara Lima Goulart ◽  
Marianne Fidalgo de Faria ◽  
Grasiela Spada ◽  
Thiago Tássio de Souza Silva ◽  
Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Potassium Supplementation

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture and recovery of degraded areas has been shown as a promising alternative for its final destination. Studies on micronutrient levels after sludge application are necessary to avoid soil contamination at toxic levels. The objective of this work was to verify the micronutrient contents in the soil profile and pH, up to one-meter-deep, nine years after the application of sewage sludge and planting of native species of the Atlantic Forest. The experiment was implemented in a degraded Quartzeneic Neosol and conducted in randomized blocks with four replicates and eight treatments, consisting of six doses of sewage sludge (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1, with supplementation of potassium due to low concentration in the residue), besides the control treatment, mineral fertilization and only potassium supplementation. After nine years, the contents of all micronutrients evaluated presented a significant response to the application of the treatments, and the application of sewage sludge provided an increase in their contents. Soil pH remained stable at sites receiving mineral fertilization and potassium supplementation. Only manganese and zinc showed mobility in the soil profile. The application of sewage sludge in degraded soil increases the micronutrient content and decreases its movement in the soil profile, and the application of the maximum dose of the residue does not provide toxic levels of these elements in the soil in the long term.

scholarly journals Celebrating 80 years of the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL)

2015 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
L. Rickards ◽  
A. Matthwes ◽  
K. Gordon ◽  
M. Tamisea ◽  
S. Jevrejeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
International Union ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. The PSMSL was established as a “Permanent Service” of the International Council for Science in 1958, but in practice was a continuation of the Mean Sea Level Committee which had been set up at the Lisbon International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) conference in 1933. Now in its 80th year, the PSMSL continues to be the internationally recognised databank for long-term sea level change information from tide gauge records. The PSMSL dataset consists of over 2100 mean sea level records from across the globe, the longest of which date back to the start of the 19th century. Where possible, all data in a series are provided to a common benchmark-controlled datum, thus providing a record suitable for use in time series analysis. The PSMSL dataset is freely available for all to use, and is accessible through the PSMSL website (www.psmsl.org).

scholarly journals Causes of mountain meadow soil chemical degradation in long-term fertiliser experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
M. Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Set Up

The fertilising experiment was set up in 1968 on the mountain meadow (720 m a.s.l.) in Czarny Potok near Krynica (20&deg;8&rsquo; E, 49&deg;4&rsquo; N). The experiment was conducted on the acid Cambi soil and comprised objects fertilised with two nitrogen forms and two doses against the background of PK fertilisation, the untreated object, and plots with unilateral P and N fertilisation. The paper concerns 30 years of investigations (1968&ndash;1997) of the effect of different NPK fertilisation on the dynamic of yields and the meadow sward quality against a&nbsp;background of the same treatments. The dynamic of the botanical composition was presented as well as the dynamic of the grassland yield potential with systematic mineral fertilisation and liming. The application of nitrogen fertilisation with the rate of 90 N.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> + PK under mountain conditions and systematic liming of the meadow enables to maintain or increase production over the long period, to decrease the production risk and to prevent degradation of the environment and natural resources.

scholarly journals Changes in the zinc content in the meadow sward under conditions of a long-term static fertilizer experiment (Czarny Potok)

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
P Content ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Changes in the zinc content in the meadow sward were studied in a long-term fertiliser experiment set up on a&nbsp;mountain meadow (20&deg;54&rsquo;E, 49&deg;24&rsquo;N) in 1968. The experiment is localized at 720 meters above sea level on the soil which belongs to Dystric Cambisols and comprises 8 fertiliser treatments in two series: 0Ca and + Ca (Table 1). In the course of the experiment the Zn content in the sward decreased and the time factor was of greater consequence than fertilization, P content in the sward or soil and acidification. In mountain meadow communities shaped by a&nbsp;long-term (over 30 years) NPK treatment and at yields between 6.7 and 7.1 t/ha the annual quantity of absorbed Zn ranged between 233 and 256 g Zn/ha dry weight. During the experimental period the biggest amount of Zn removed with the sward yield exceeded 500 g Zn/ha annually. In the limed series at slightly bigger yields the quantity of Zn removed with the yield was over 10% lower in objects receiving NPK fertilization than on the same treatments in the unlimed series. Liming is able to reduce soil Zn abundance.

Results of a 30-year-old fertilisation experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Yield Depression

The long-term mineral fertilisation experiment set up on acidic brown forest soil in Gödöllő in 1972 has made it possible over the years to answer a number of questions. It became clear that, in general, increasing rates of NPK fertilisation only caused a significant increase in the yields obtained in the crop rotation at lower rates (150–300 kg NPK/ha). As time went on, rates higher than this caused yield depression. The continuous application of high fertiliser rates led to a substantial increase in the P and K contents of the ploughed layer and in the quantity of nitrate accumulating in the 3 m soil profile. An increase in the quantity of nutrients was associated with a reduction in the pH and in the content of Ca and Mg. When mineral fertilisation was omitted for six years, there was a substantial reduction in the P and K contents of the ploughed layer.

scholarly journals The total sulphur content in the mosses of Polish National Parks - changes within the last 10 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Szarek ◽  
Elżbieta Chrzanowska
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Total Sulphur Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The pollution of Polish National Parks with sulphur compounds was determined for 1975 and 1986 using the moss, <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i> as a bioindicator. The mean total sulphur content in the mosses of the parks ranged from 895 to 2116 µg•g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight in 1975 and 1117 to 2410 µg•g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight in 1986. Statistical differences were found in the concentration of sulphur in mosses between the particular parks, as well as among the peripheral and central park areas in 1975 while such differences were lacking in 1986. The total sulphur in mosses showed a tendency to increase over the 10-year period although there was no statistically significant difference between the concentrations of this element between the two studied periods. The level of total sulphur is significantly modified by atmospheric precipitation and does not therefore always accurately illustrate the degree of air pollution with SO<sub>2</sub>. For this reason, mosses cannot be recognised as suitable indicators of pollution of the atmosphere with sulphur compounds.

scholarly journals Specialist valve clinic in a cardiac centre: 10-year experience

Open Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e001262
Author(s):  
John B Chambers ◽  
Denise Parkin ◽  
Helen Rimington ◽  
Sheila Subbiah ◽  
Brian Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cardiac Centre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up

AimsGuidelines recommend specialist valve clinics as best practice for the assessment and conservative management of patients with heart valve disease. However, there is little guidance on how to set up and organise a clinic. The aim of this study is to describe a clinic run by a multidisciplinary team consisting of cardiologists, physiologist/scientists and a nurse.MethodsThe clinical and organisational aims of the clinic, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and links with other services are described. The methods of training non-clinical staff are detailed. Data were prospectively entered onto a database and the study consisted of an analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of all patients seen between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018.ResultsThere were 2126 new patients and 9522 visits in the 10-year period. The mean age was 64.8 and 55% were male. Of the visits, 3587 (38%) were to the cardiologists, 4092 (43%) to the physiologist/scientists and 1843 (19%) to the nurse. The outcomes from the cardiologist clinics were cardiology follow-up in 460 (30%), referral for surgery in 354 (23%), referral to the physiologist/scientist clinic in 412 (27%) or to the nurse clinic in 65 (4.3%) and discharge in 230 (15%). The cardiologist needed to see 6% from the nurse clinic and 10% from the physiologist/scientist clinic, while advice alone was sufficient in 10% and 9%.ConclusionA multidisciplinary specialist valve clinic is feasible and sustainable in the long term.

Acute and Chronic Changes in Platelet Volume and Count After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Induced Thrombocytopenia in Man

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Martin ◽  
T D Daniel ◽  
E A Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Mean

SummaryPatients undergoing surgery for coronary artery bypass graft or heart valve replacement had their platelet count and mean volume measured pre-operatively, immediately post-operatively and serially for up to 48 days after the surgical procedure. The mean pre-operative platelet count of 1.95 ± 0.11 × 1011/1 (n = 26) fell significantly to 1.35 ± 0.09 × 1011/1 immediately post-operatively (p <0.001) (n = 22), without a significant alteration in the mean platelet volume. The average platelet count rose to a maximum of 5.07 ± 0.66 × 1011/1 between days 14 and 17 after surgery while the average mean platelet volume fell from preparative and post-operative values of 7.25 ± 0.14 and 7.20 ± 0.14 fl respectively to a minimum of 6.16 ± 0.16 fl by day 20. Seven patients were followed for 32 days or longer after the operation. By this time they had achieved steady state thrombopoiesis and their average platelet count was 2.44 ± 0.33 × 1011/1, significantly higher than the pre-operative value (p <0.05), while their average mean platelet volume was 6.63 ± 0.21 fl, significantly lower than before surgery (p <0.001). The pre-operative values for the platelet volume and counts of these patients were significantly different from a control group of 32 young males, while the chronic post-operative values were not. These long term changes in platelet volume and count may reflect changes in the thrombopoietic control system secondary to the corrective surgery.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

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