scholarly journals Non-invasive measurement of chick embryo cardiac work

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pawlak ◽  
J. Niedzióka
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Cardiac Work ◽  
Capacitor Plate ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Receiving Antenna ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Whole Egg

This study used a non-invasive method of ballistocardiography to investigate cardiac work of chick embryos. In this method, an eggshell with electric charges on it is one capacitor plate, the other being a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment. Chick embryo cardiac work induces micro-movements of the whole egg, resulting in changes in the distances between the plates and thus in the difference of potentials between the shell and the receiving antenna. This is registered by the measuring equipment. The first single signals of cardiac work were registered on day 7 of incubation. Starting from day 9, the signal was recorded from all embryos. During the study, the heart rate decreased from 248 to 161 beats per minute and signal amplitude was found to steadily increase from 6.3 to 432.7 mV/m. Great disturbances in ballistocardiograms were observed on days preceding embryonic deaths.  

scholarly journals Reconstruction of input functions from a dynamic PET image with sequential administration of 15O2 and H215O for noninvasive and ultra-rapid measurement of CBF, OEF, and CMRO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kudomi ◽  
Yukito Maeda ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Yuka Yamamoto ◽  
Tetsuhiro Hatakeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sequential Administration ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Arterial Input Functions

CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 images can be quantitatively assessed using PET. Their image calculation requires arterial input functions, which require invasive procedure. The aim of the present study was to develop a non-invasive approach with image-derived input functions (IDIFs) using an image from an ultra-rapid O2 and C15O2 protocol. Our technique consists of using a formula to express the input using tissue curve with rate constants. For multiple tissue curves, the rate constants were estimated so as to minimize the differences of the inputs using the multiple tissue curves. The estimated rates were used to express the inputs and the mean of the estimated inputs was used as an IDIF. The method was tested in human subjects ( n = 24). The estimated IDIFs were well-reproduced against the measured ones. The difference in the calculated CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 values by the two methods was small (<10%) against the invasive method, and the values showed tight correlations ( r = 0.97). The simulation showed errors associated with the assumed parameters were less than ∼10%. Our results demonstrate that IDIFs can be reconstructed from tissue curves, suggesting the possibility of using a non-invasive technique to assess CBF, OEF, and CMRO2.

Mathematical Processing of Cardiological Signals and Organization of Access to Holter Databases

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-290
Author(s):  
Galya Nikolova Georgieva-Tsaneva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Parameter ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The study of human cardiovascular activity is one of the main methods for assessing the health of the human. It is performed in clinical conditions via electrocardiographic devices and in the daily life of a individuals through Holter monitoring. An important diagnostic parameter that can be determined by an electrocardiogram, taking into account the difference between successive heartbeat is heart rate variability – a widely used non-invasive method of measuring heart rate. This parameter makes it possible to assess the risk of various cardiac diseases such as angina, cardiac infarction, life-threatening arrhythmias, etc. This chapter presents the morphological bases of the cardio records, heart rate variability, and its impact on the healthy status of the individual. It describes the created cardiology base of prolongated Holter recordings for the purposes of scientific research project. Presented are internationally approved standards to provide web accessibility to internet-based data bases and other resources for people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Non-invasive methods for studying the dynamics of blood pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-645
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Ivanov ◽  
B. B. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Discrete Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Invasive Control ◽  
Korotkoff Sounds

The paper summarizes the main methods of automatic non-invasive assessment of the blood pressure (BP) dynamics. The advantages and disadvantages of BP measurement according to Korotkoff sounds and the oscillations in the brachial cuff are discussed. Currently, BP is measured during deflation of the cuff, while the pressure in the cuff should be inflated (by about 20–30 mm Hg) above the systolic BP. The BP level before measurement can be unknown, thereby increases the possibility of raising the pressure in the cuff above the optimum. In connection with this, recently, methods for determining BP during inflation of the cuff have been proposed. The BP value, determined both by Korotkov’s tone and by oscillometry during inflation, differs from that during the deflation of the cuff. The difference varies with age and BP and in a number of cases is clinically significant. The causes and consequences of such differences are discussed. In intensive care units and in operating rooms, continuous BP measurement is necessary. In comparison with the discrete measurement of BP, it allows to detect timely hypotension, to evaluate its duration, which improves the management of the patients. The invasive method of BP detection has known limitations and complications which stimulated the development of devices for non-invasive BP control. Despite the comparisons of the accuracy of such measurement methods, this issue continues to be debated. Thus, the methods of non-invasive control of BP level, discussed in this review, reflect both their advantages and limitations, which dictates the need for further research in this field.

A simple and reliable molecular method for sex identification of the Brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) from non-invasively collected samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhua Zhang ◽  
Chungui Zhao ◽  
Mengben Wang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Yuzhen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Identification ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Endemic Birds ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor sex identification of the Brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum), one of the critically endangered endemic birds in China, the morphological method of checking the astragalus, an extra tiny bone on the ankle only of male ones is inconvenient and even impossible for wild populations. In this paper, we investigated a simple reliable non-invasive method according to the difference of the sizes of sex-linked genes CHD1-W and CHD1-Z (Griffiths et al., 1996; Ellegren, 1996) to identify the gender of individuals in two captive populations of the Brown-eared pheasant. We extracted DNA from blood and feather samples and amplified the genes by PCR using two pairs of primers P2/P8 (Griffiths et al., 1998) and 2550F/2718R (Fridolfsson et al., 1999). The products amplified with P2/P8 failed to show the sex due to the low resolution of the agarose gel. PCR using the 2550F/2718R primer set amplified two products of different sizes for all known females and a single product for all known males when scored on the 2.0% agarose gel, which indicated that this primer set enabled sex identification. Both blood and feather samples gave identical results although the products amplified from the feather samples were fewer than the blood samples which were taken invasively and acted as control. This is the first time molecular methods was used for sex identifications of the Brown-eared pheasant and will assist their management by means of artificial propagation and allow the study of the ecology and conservation genetics of the Brown-eared pheasant.

scholarly journals Comparison of ORAGENE® and Mouthwashed-Based Saliva Collection Methods for Genomic DNA Isolation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genomic Dna Isolation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collection Methods

In recent years, saliva has been used as a non-invasive method of obtaining genomic DNA. Two common collection methods include mouthwash and commercially produced saliva kits. Here, a novel comparison between these two collection methods, using Scope® mouthwash and the Oragene®-Discover kit (OGR-250) from DNA Genotek Inc., was conducted to analyze differences in the quantity and quality of the DNA isolated, and cost effectiveness. The Oragene® kit yielded greater quantity of DNA, while Scope® mouthwash was more cost effective. The difference in yield was attributed to the larger volume of saliva obtained from the Oragene® kit. Isolation from both collection methods resulted in similar DNA quality.    Depuis quelques années, la salive est utilisée comme une méthode non-invasive pour obtenir de l’ADN génomique. Deux méthodes de collection communes sont par rince-bouche et par des trousses commerciales de collection de salive. Ici, une comparaison entre ces deux méthodes, utilisant la rince-bouche Scope et la trousse Oragene-Discover (OGR-250) de DNA Genotek Ink, a été conduite afin d’analyser les différences dans la quantité et la qualité d’ADN isolée ainsi que dans l’efficacité du coût.  La trousse Oragene a recueilli plus d’ADN, alors que Scope était moins cher. La différence en quantité est attribuée au plus grand volume de salive qui est obtenu grâce à l’Oragene. L’isolation par les deux méthodes résultait en une qualité similaire d’ADN.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

scholarly journals CT perfusion in peripheral arterial disease—hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Veit-Haibach ◽  
Martin W. Huellner ◽  
Martin Banyai ◽  
Sebastian Mafeld ◽  
Johannes Heverhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Therapy Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was the assessment of volumetric CT perfusion (CTP) of the lower leg musculature in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before and after interventional revascularisation. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic PAD of the lower extremities requiring interventional revascularisation were assessed prospectively. All patients underwent a CTP scan of the lower leg, and hemodynamic and angiographic assessment, before and after intervention. Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) was determined. CTP parameters were calculated with a perfusion software, acting on a no outflow assumption. A sequential two-compartment model was used. Differences in CTP parameters were assessed with non-parametric tests. Results The cohort consisted of 24 subjects with an occlusion, and five with a high-grade stenosis. The mean blood flow before/after (BFpre and BFpost, respectively) was 7.42 ± 2.66 and 10.95 ± 6.64 ml/100 ml*min−1. The mean blood volume before/after (BVpre and BVpost, respectively) was 0.71 ± 0.35 and 1.25 ± 1.07 ml/100 ml. BFpost and BVpost were significantly higher than BFpre and BVpre in the treated limb (p = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively), but not in the untreated limb (p = 0.641 and 0.719, respectively). Conclusions CTP seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences in calf muscles before and after revascularisation in patients with symptomatic PAD. We could show that CTP parameters BF and BV are significantly increased after revascularisation of the symptomatic limb. In the future, this quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method for surveillance and therapy control of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Key Points • CTP imaging of the lower limb in patients with symptomatic PAD seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation in PAD patients. • This quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method, for surveillance and therapy control of patients with PAD.

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