scholarly journals Concentration and leaching of atrazine into drainage water in Gleyic Podzoluvisol

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
F. Šimunić I Tomić ◽  
Z. Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Atrazine Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Quantity ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

The research objective was to investigate the influence of different pipe drainage systems on the concentration and quantity of atrazine leached in drainage water, as well as in surface (0&ndash;30 cm) and sub-surface (30&ndash;60 cm) soil horizons in the production of agricultural crops on drained Gleyic Podzoluvisol. Investigations involved four different variants of drainpipe spacing (15, 20, 25 and 30 m, i.e. four variants in four repetitions). In a&nbsp;particular trial year, the same crop was grown and the same agricultural practices applied in all trial variants. Maize was grown in the first two trial years and wheat in the last year. Soil and water samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for the presence of atrazine by gas chromatography. Atrazine concentrations in drainage water ranged from those within the limits tolerated for drinking water (out of the growing season) up to 458 ng.dm<sup>&ndash;3</sup>. Maximum quantity of leached atrazine was recorded in 1998 (0.500 g.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup>), namely, from atrazine application in May 1997 to March 1998 incl., 0.630 g.ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> or 0.052% of the initially added quantity was leached. Maximum atrazine concentration in the surface soil layer was recorded in traces or it was not recorded at all (0.013 mg.kg<sup>&ndash;1</sup>), whereas no atrazine was recorded in the subsurface layer during the trial period. Analysis of variance produced no statistically significant difference in the atrazine concentration and leaching in drainage water and in the surface soil layer between different variants of pipe drainpipe spacing.

scholarly journals The content of Pb, Zn and Cd in hydroameliorated soil and drainage water and their uptake by plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
I. Šimunić ◽  
F. Tomić ◽  
I. Kisić ◽  
M. Romić
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

The goal of the investigations was to assess the average contents of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cd) in the surface soil layer (0&ndash;30 cm), in drainage water and their uptake by growing plants, in the experimental amelioration field for four different variants of drainpipe spacing (15, 20, 25 and 30 m) during the three-year period. Maize and winter wheat were grown in all variants throughout the trial period. In all variants of drainpipe spacing, heavy metals in soil, drainage water and plant material were within the limits. The highest average level of Pb was 13.5 mg/kg, Zn 88 mg/kg&nbsp;and Cd 0.7 mg/kg&nbsp;in soil. Drainage water concentration of heavy metals was below 50&nbsp;&micro;g/dm<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;for Pb, below 2&nbsp;&micro;g/dm<sup>3</sup> for Cd, while the highest average value of Zn amounted to 20 &micro;g/dm<sup>3</sup>. In grain of the crops grown, the concentration of Pb was below 0.4 mg.kg&ndash;1&nbsp;and that of Cd below 0.1 mg/kg.

Outflows of Organic Halide Precursors from Forest Regions

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saito ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
T. Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

Outflows of organic halide precursors (OXPs) from forest regions were studied in relation to water quality monitoring in the Yodo River basin. Firstly, the contribution of outflows from forest regions relative to the total was roughly estimated. Then equations for flows of these substances were formulated, divided into four different subflow categories: precipitation; throughfall; surface soil layer; and, deep soil layer. Finally, annual outflow loads were calculated for a test forest area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Seasonal Variability in Soil Nutrients and Its Impact on Soil Quality under Different Land Use Systems of Lower Shiwalik Foothills of Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Tavjot Kaur ◽  
Simerpreet Kaur Sehgal ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal effects of five land use systems (LUSs), i.e., wheat–rice (Triticum aestivum—Oryza sativa) system, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), orange (Citrus sinensis) orchard, safeda (Eucalyptus globules) forest, and grassland, on soil quality and nutrient status in the lower Satluj basin of the Shiwalik foothills Himalaya, India. Samples were analyzed for assessment of physico-chemical properties at four soil depths, viz., 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm. A total of 120 soil samples were collected in both the seasons. Soil texture was found to be sandy loam and slightly alkaline in nature. The relative trend of soil organic carbon (SOC), macro- and micro-nutrient content for the five LUSs was forest > orchard > grassland > wheat–rice > sugarcane, in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. SOC was highly correlated with macronutrients and micronutrients, whereas SOC was negatively correlated with soil pH (r = −0.818). The surface soil layer (0–15 cm) had a significantly higher content of SOC, and macro- and micro-nutrients compared to the sub-surface soil layers, due to the presence of more organic content in the soil surface layer. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was applied to assess significant difference (p < 0.05) among the five LUSs at four soil depths in both the seasons. Principle component analysis (PCA) identified that SOC and electrical conductivity (EC) were the most contributing soil indicators among the different land use systems, and that the post-monsoon season had better soil quality compared to the pre-monsoon season. These indicators helped in the assessment of soil health and fertility, and to monitor degraded agroecosystems for future soil conservation.

scholarly journals Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Wanli Xu ◽  
Guangmu Tang ◽  
Meiying Gu ◽  
Zengchao Geng
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

Abstract Background Raising nitrogen use efficiency of crops by improving root system architecture is highly essential not only to reduce costs of agricultural production but also to mitigate climate change. The physiological mechanisms of how biochar affects nitrogen assimilation by crop seedlings have not been well elucidated. Results Here, we report changes in root system architecture, activities of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, and cytokinin (CTK) at the seedling stage of cotton with reduced urea usage and biochar application at different soil layers (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm). Active root absorption area, fresh weight, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased significantly when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer. Glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT) activity was closely related to the application depth of urea/biochar, and it increased when urea/biochar was applied in the 0–10 cm layer. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT) increased significantly as well. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was stimulated by CTK in the very fine roots but inhibited in the fine roots. In addition, AMT1;1, gdh3, and gdh2 were significantly up-regulated in the very fine roots when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied. Conclusion Nitrogen assimilation efficiency was significantly affected when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer at the seedling stage of cotton. The co-expression of gdh3 and gdh2 in the fine roots increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The synergistic expression of the ammonium transporter gene and gdh3 suggests that biochar may be beneficial to amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Prediction of the chrome distribution in subarctic Noyabrsk using co-kriging, generalized regression neural network, multilayer perceptron, and hybrid technics

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
A. G. Buevich ◽  
I. E. Subbotina ◽  
A. V. Shichkin ◽  
A. P. Sergeev ◽  
E. M. Baglaeva
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Generalized Regression Neural Network ◽  
Residual Kriging ◽  
Surface Soil Layer ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Generalized Regression

Combination of geostatistical interpolation (kriging) and machine learning (artificial neural networks, ANN) methods leads to an increase in the accuracy of forecasting. The paper considers the application of residual kriging of an artificial neural network to predicting the spatial contamination of the surface soil layer with chromium (Cr). We reviewed and compared two neural networks: the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), as well as the combined method: multilayer perceptron residual kriging (MLPRK). The study is based on the results of the screening of the surface soil layer in the subarctic Noyabrsk, Russia. The models are developed based on computer modeling with minimization of the RMSE. The MLPRK model showed the best prognostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Fertilization of high-yield corn with poultry litter based on nitrogen doses

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽  
Marco André Grohskopf ◽  
Agostinho Rebellatto ◽  
Amanda Zolet Rigo ◽  
Arlei Coldebella
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Surface Soil Layer ◽  
N Requirement

Abstract: The objective of this work was to recommend nitrogen doses from poultry litter-based organic fertilizers in powder and pellet forms, compared with mineral fertilizer, in a high-yield corn crop under no-tillage. The treatments consisted of a 3×3+1 factorial arrangement, with: three fertilizers, two organic derived from poultry litter in powder (OPo) and pelletized (OPe) forms and one mineral fertilizer (M); three N doses of 65, 100, and 135% of the recommended N requirement for corn; and an unfertilized control. After five corn crops farmed under no-tillage in a Rhodic Kandiudox, the recommended doses for fertilization with poultry litter organic fertilizers, with an expected yield equal to or greater than 8,000 kg ha-1, could be achieved from doses of 100 kg ha-1 N in OPe and M and of 121 kg ha-1 N in OPo. Increasing doses of the OPe, OPo, and M fertilizers raise the contents of organic carbon, N, and available P in the surface soil layer (0.0-0.1 m) and of exchangeable K up to a depth of 0.2 m, allowing to obtain N, P, and K contents in the plant tissue within the sufficiency range of the corn crop.

Coupling effect of water and nitrogen on the morphology and distribution of fine root in surface soil layer of youngPopulus×euramericanaplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
闫小莉 YAN Xiaoli ◽  
戴腾飞 DAI Tengfei ◽  
邢长山 XING Changshan ◽  
贾黎明 JIA Liming ◽  
张龙宁 ZHANG Longning
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Surface Soil Layer
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