scholarly journals Cadmium uptake and translocation in durum wheat varieties differing in grain-Cd accumulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Arduini ◽  
A. Masoni ◽  
M. Mariotti ◽  
S. Pana ◽  
L. Ercoli
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Contamination

Wheat grain products are the primary source of dietary Cd-intake for humans. Since varieties differ markedly in grain-Cd accumulation, efforts are needed to find traits associated with low, or high, accumulation. Two durum wheat varieties, selected in a field screening as low (Creso) and high (Svevo) grain-Cd accumulating, were grown on soil spiked with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 mg Cd/kg. Growth patterns, Cd uptake and translocation were investigated at heading and maturity. Cadmium did not affect plant growth and grain yield, but grain-Cd concentration always exceeded the permissible limit of 0.2 mg Cd/kg, and was approximately double in Svevo than in Creso. At maturity, total Cd-uptake increased linearly with supply in Creso, from 13 to 23 µg/plant, and was approximately 18 µg/plant, irrespective of Cd level, in Svevo. Partitioning to shoot was higher in Svevo than in Creso, both at heading and maturity. We suggest that reduced plant height, high root to shoot biomass ratio during vegetative growth and elevated post-heading dry matter accumulation promoted Cd accumulation into grain. Since these traits are common to modern wheat varieties, risks of grain Cd-contamination can increase in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of Growth Stage and Cd Chemical Form on Cd and Zn Accumulation in Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4214
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kudo ◽  
Chihiro Inoue ◽  
Kazuki Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Arabidopsis Halleri ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Stage Analysis

Cadmium is a hazardous heavy metal and causes contamination globally. Phytoremediation can potentially become a low-cost and eco-friendly technique for mitigating Cd contamination. Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera hyper-accumulates Cd and Zn, and may be used to remediate Cd-contaminated sites. However, few studies have focused on Cd accumulation by A. halleri ssp. gemmifera. Herein, we demonstrate the accumulation of Cd by A. halleri ssp. gemmifera. The biomass, Cd, and Zn concentration of the plant increased in the 103 days of experimentation. Cd concentration of soil significantly decreased compared to its initial concentration (≈10%). The material balance of Cd uptake by plant and Cd decrement from soil ranged from 63.3% to 83.7% in each growth stage. Analysis indicated that the water-eluted and exchangeable forms of Cd were stable during the experiment. However, Cd concentration extracted with 0.1 M HCl decreased (25% of initial), and this fraction was not bioavailable. The study exhibits the mass balance of Cd between plant uptake and decrement from the soil and the changes in the chemical form of Cd during stages of A. halleri ssp. gemmifera cultivation.

scholarly journals Combining mercapto-functionalized palygorskite with zinc affect cadmium phytoavailability and soil microbial activity in rhizosphere soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Li ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Sashuang Rong ◽  
Jialin Gu ◽  
Huiwei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil pose a grave threat to human health. Combining various approaches to reduce Cd accumulation in crops is an active area of research to remediate farmlands with medium-high levels of Cd contamination. The Mercapto-functionalized palygorskite (PGS-SH) and zinc (Zn) application alone or in combination was investigated to explore reduction of Cd uptake in B. chinensis L and transformation of Cd in soil. The sole application of Zn or PGS-SH increased the biomass of B. chinensis L. and decreased the concentration of Cd in plants, but more improvements were observed from the combined application of Zn and PGS-SH. Low concentration of exogenous Zn (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the soil respiration rate (SRR) and the soil dehydrogenase activity (sDHA), while promoted B. chinensis L. growth while inhibiting Cd uptake. However, excessive exogenous Zn (≥ 200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited B. chinensis L. growth and soil microbial activity. The combined application of PGS-SH and Zn had the highest sDHA (145.59%) and lowest transport factor (TF) (27.59%) compared with the CK. The combination of PGS-SH and Zn fertilizer is a safe and effective means for remediating Cd-contaminated soil and restoring microbial activity.

scholarly journals Cadmium accumulation in the grain of durum wheat is associated with salinity resistance degree

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Jakub Pastuszak ◽  
Przemysław Kopeć ◽  
Agnieszka Płażek ◽  
Krzysztof Gondek ◽  
Anna Szczerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Physiological Background

A serious problem in durum wheat cultivation is its genetic capacity to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the grain. The aim of the study was to verify if the degree of durum wheat resistance to NaCl salinity is related to its tolerance to Cd contamination, and to search for physiological markers of Cd accumulation in the grain. The experiment involved a salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi and a salt resistant line BC<sub>5</sub>Nax<sub>2</sub>, as well as a moderately salt tolerant line SMH87. The plants grew in the soil supplemented with 3 mg or 5 mg Cd/kg dry weight. The plant response to Cd was evaluated based on chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and Cd content in the grains. Toxic effects of both Cd levels on photosynthetic performance index were the strongest in salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi, which showed the highest Cd content in the seeds. We therefore assumed that tolerance to salinity and Cd has a common physiological background, and that ChlF parameters may be used as the markers of Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Ekmeklik ve Makarnalık Buğdaylara Uygulanan Çinko Dozlarının Kadmiyum Alımına Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Faruk Özkutlu ◽  
Halil Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Durum Wheat Variety

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc application on Cd uptake of bread (Karacadağ) and durum (Harran-95) wheat growing in high Cd concentrations. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in Zn-deficient calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. In the experiment, Cd was applied 0 (Cd0) and 10 (Cd10) mg kg-1. The Zn application was 10 mg kg-1 Zn (soil+leaf) (10 mg kg-1 Zn + 3 applications from leaf; 10 mg kg-1 Zn + 8 applications from leaf). The Zn application was started at the end of the tillering stage in ZnSO4.7H2O form at 0.1% dose as 3 (3F) and 8 (8F) times of leaf application per a week. The plants were harvested at grain maturity stage and the Cd and Zn concentrations of grains were determined. The results revealed that Zn concentrations of both bread and durum wheat varieties were significantly increased with the soil Zn and soil+leaf Zn applications. The Cd accumulation in Harran-95 variety with soil Cd treatment was higher than that of Karacadağ variety. The Cd concentration (31 μg kg-1) in the control conditions of Karacadağ varieties increased to 3.616 μg kg-1 in Cd 10 conditions, which was 70 μg kg-1 in control conditions of Harran variety and increased to 8.434 μg kg-1 in Cd10 conditions. However, soil and leaf Zn applications have significantly reduced the grain Cd concentrations of durum wheat variety. Cadmium concentration in Harran-95 cultivar at Cd10 dose was 8.434 μg kg-1 before addition of Zn, and it was decreased to 6.464 μg kg-1, to 7.932 μg kg-1 and to 6.745 μg kg-1 with Zn10, Zn10+3Y and Zn10+8Y applications, respectively. The results showed that the durum wheat variety removed higher Cd than the bread wheat variety. In addition, the decrease in grain Cd concentrations was the highest in durum wheat variety with the soil and leaf Zn applications.

Yield Component and Dry Matter Accumulation in Wheat Varieties with 9000 kg ha-1Yield Potential in Sichuan Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Lu TANG ◽  
Chao-Su LI ◽  
Chun WU ◽  
Xiao-Li WU ◽  
Gang HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Puccio ◽  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Alfonso S. Frenda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Unravelling the hidden inter and intra-varietal diversity of durum wheat commercial varieties used in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Miguel Bento ◽  
Sónia Gomes Pereira ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
High Level

AbstractAssessing durum wheat genomic diversity is crucial in a changing environmental particularly in the Mediterranean region where it is largely used to produce pasta. Durum wheat varieties cultivated in Portugal and previously assessed regarding thermotolerance ability were screened for the variability of coding sequences associated with technological traits and repetitive sequences. As expected, reduced variability was observed regarding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) but a specific LMW-GS allelic form associated with improved pasta-making characteristics was absent in one variety. Contrastingly, molecular markers targeting repetitive elements like microsatellites and retrotransposons – Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Inter Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) – disclosed significant inter and intra-varietal diversity. This high level of polymorphism was revealed by the 20 distinct ISSR/IRAP concatenated profiles observed among the 23 individuals analysed. Interestingly, median joining networks and PCoA analysis grouped individuals of the same variety and clustered varieties accordingly with geographical origin. Globally, this work demonstrates that durum wheat breeding strategies induced selection pressure for some relevant coding sequences while maintaining high levels of genomic variability in non-coding regions enriched in repetitive sequences.

Response of durum wheat to different levels of zinc and Fusarium pseudograminearum

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin S. Al-Fahdawi ◽  
Jason A. Able ◽  
Margaret Evans ◽  
Amanda J. Able
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Zn Concentration

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is susceptible to Fusarium pseudograminearum and sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in Australian soils. However, little is known about the interaction between these two potentially yield-limiting factors, especially for Australian durum varieties. The critical Zn concentration (concentration of Zn in the plant when there is a 10% reduction in yield) and degree of susceptibility to F. pseudograminearum was therefore determined for five Australian durum varieties (Yawa, Hyperno, Tjilkuri, WID802, UAD1153303). Critical Zn concentration averaged 24.6 mg kg–1 for all durum varieties but differed for the individual varieties (mg kg–1: Yawa, 21.7; Hyperno, 22.7; Tjilkuri, 24.1; WID802, 24.8; UAD1153303, 28.7). Zinc efficiency also varied amongst genotypes (39–52%). However, Zn utilisation was similar amongst genotypes under Zn-deficient or Zn-sufficient conditions (0.51–0.59 and 0.017–0.022 g DM μg–1 Zn, respectively). All varieties were susceptible to F. pseudograminearum but the development of symptoms and detrimental effect on shoot biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in Tjilkuri. Even though crown rot symptoms may still be present, the supply of adequate Zn in the soil helped to maintain biomass and grain yield in all durum varieties. However, the extent to which durum varieties were protected from plant growth penalties due to crown rot by Zn treatment was genotype-dependent.

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