scholarly journals The effect of cytokinins and other plant hormones on the growth of cotyledonary axilars of flax (Linum usitatissimum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and pea (Pisum sativum)

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Klíčová ◽  
J. Šebánek ◽  
T. Vlašic
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intensive Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

Flax seedlings were decapitated above the cotyledons. After one cotyledon was removed the growth of the bud of the remaining cotyledon was stronger in 90% of the plants. However, the application of the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA) to the bud of the removed cotyledon caused a growth correlative reversal and, by contrast, in 65% of the plants the bud of the removed cotyledon grew out. On the other hand, in sunflower seedlings, which have epigeal cotyledons similar to flax, after the removal of one cotyledon the growth of the axillary of the removed cotyledon was more intensive in 59% of the plants. Not even an application of BA to the remaining cotyledon of sunflower resulted in more intensive growth of the axillary of this cotyledon. When both cotyledons were left on the seedling, BA applied to one of the cotyledons of decapitated flax plants resulted in a highly significant stimulation of growth of the axillary of this cotyledon; in sunflower; however, the effect of the BA was insignificant. After decapitation of the stem of pea seedlings where both cotyledons remained, both axillaries grew out, but after a certain period of time one of them (the dominant one) achieved a growth correlative dominance over the other (inhibited). The present study is focused on whether an application of plant hormones onto the inhibited shoot is able to cause a growth correlative reversal, i.e. to change the inhibited shoot into a dominant one. The application of 0.12% BA can cause such a reversal virtually in all plants if the original difference in the length between the inhibited and dominating axillaries is 12–24 mm. A 0.12–0.5% concentration of gibberellin causes a reversal in 13–75% of the plants, but only if the difference between the dominant and inhibited shoot is 1–12 mm. A 0.03–0.25% concentration of IAA causes a reversal in 34–57% of the plants, if the difference in the length of the axillaries is 1–4 mm.

scholarly journals The effect of quercetine on leaf abscission of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.), growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), and ethylene production

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fišerová ◽  
J. Šebánek ◽  
J. Hradilík ◽  
S. Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Seedlings

This study compares effects of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and flavonoid quercetine (Q). In spite of the fact that both these compounds are inhibitors of the polar transport of auxin, a number of experiments demonstrated that their properties are different. If the flax seedlings were decapitated and one cotyledon was removed, the axillary bud of the remaining cotyledon grew up more intensively while TIBA (0.5% applied in the form of a lanolin paste on the remaining cotyledon) induced a correlative reversal so that axillars of removed cotyledons grew up more intensively. However, when Q (0.5%) was applied on the remaining cotyledon in the form of a lanolin paste, this inhibition was not significant. In the lamina-deprived petioles of apple trees TIBA accelerated abscission while Q caused an inhibiting effect similar to that of auxin. TIBA applied on epicotyls of pea seedlings inhibited their growth by 35% while Q only by 15%. As far as the release of ethylene by pea seedlings is concerned, both compounds showed promoting effects similar to the effect of auxin.

Release of cotyledonary shoots of pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings from inhibition as related to endogenous zeatin and ethylene and exogenous IAA and benzyladenine

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Fišerová ◽  
Jiří Šebánek ◽  
Jan Hradilík ◽  
Petr Doležel ◽  
Zuzana Mikušová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

AbstractThis paper deals with apical dominance using a dicotylar model obtained after decapitation of pea seedlings with two shoots — one dominant and the other inhibited. When the dominant shoot was decapitated the inhibited one is released from inhibition and after 24 to 72 h begins to grow. However, the levels of trans-zeatin and production of ethylene increase within 4 and 6 hours respectively after release from inhibition, and within an interval of 72 h the levels of both phytohormones begin gradually to decrease. This indicates that also in this model, the release from apical dominance is associated with an increase in the level of cytokinin zeatin and, thereafter, also with an increased production of ethylene. If indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) is applied on the decapitated main stem after decapitation of the dominant shoot, the growth of the initially inhibited one is very strongly retarded; if, however, IAA is applied on the decapitated dominant shoot, this inhibition is significantly weaker. This means that the inhibiting effect of IAA on the inhibited shoot originates to a greater degree from the main stem rather than from the dominant shoot. The effect of benzyladenine (BA) is transferred equally from the decapitated main stem and from the decapitated dominant shoot because the initially inhibited shoot begins to grow as well as also other shoots from serial cotyledonary buds.

Low dosages of gamma irradiation of seed increase the growth and yield of two cultivars of sunflower

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2152-2157
Author(s):  
S. R. A. Shamsi ◽  
R. Roohi ◽  
A. Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Seed Increase ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Stimulation Of

Seeds of cv. Restoler and Noor of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were subjected to 0.5 to 50 krad 60Co gamma radiation (1 rad = 10 mGy) and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. Two low dosages, i.e., 1 krad in cv. Restoler and 3 krad in cv. Noor, caused statistically significant stimulation of vegetative growth and seed yield (both total number and weight). For cv. Noor, 3 krad also significantly stimulated the weight of an individual seed. Significant declines in the yield of mature seeds occurred only at critical dosages of > 10 to 20 krad.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Wägar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Translational Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.

Energy Approximation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Isett
Keyword(s):  
Main Lemma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Continuous Solutions ◽  
Material Derivative ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Energy Approximation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter presents the equations and calculations for energy approximation. It establishes the estimates (261) and (262) of the Main Lemma (10.1) for continuous solutions; these estimates state that we are able to accurately prescribe the energy that the correction adds to the solution, as well as bound the difference between the time derivatives of these two quantities. The chapter also introduces the proposition for prescribing energy, followed by the relevant computations. Each integral contributing to the other term can be estimated. Another proposition for estimating control over the rate of energy variation is given. Finally, the coarse scale material derivative is considered.

Pengaruh Unsur Budaya Lokal dalam Ungkapan Berbahasa Perancis

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Vincentia Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Minimal Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Words

AbstrakFolklor yang menghasilkan tradisi lisan merupakan perwujudan budaya yang lahirdari pengalaman kelompok masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan adalah ungkapan yangmengandung unsur budaya lokal dalam konstruksinya yang tidak dimiliki budaya lainnya.Ungkapan idiomatis memberikan warna pada bahasa melalui penggambaran mental. Dalambahasa Perancis, ungkapan dapat berupa locution dan expression. Perbedaan motif acuansuatu ungkapan dapat terlihat dari pengaruh budaya masyarakat pengguna bahasa. Sebuahleksem tidak selalu didefinisikan melalui unsur minimal, tidak juga melalui kata-kata,baik kata dasar atau kata kompleks, namun dapat melalui kata-kata beku yang maknanyatetap. Hubungan analogis dari makna tambahan yang ada pada suatu leksem muncul dariidentifikasi semem yang sama. Semem tersebut mengarah pada term yang diasosiasikan danyang diperkaya melalui konteks (dalam ungkapan berhubungan dengan konteks budaya).Kata kunci: folklor, ungkapan, struktur, makna idiomatis, kebudayaanAbstractFolklore which produces the oral tradition is a cultural manifestation born out theexperience of community groups. One form of the oral tradition is a phrase that containsthe elements of local culture in its construction that is not owned the other culture. Theidiomatic phrase gives the color to the language through the mental representation. InFrench, the expression can consist of locution and expression. The difference motivesreference of an expression can be seen from the influence of the cultural community thelanguage users. A lexeme is not always defined through a minimal element, nor throughwords, either basic or complex words, but can be through the frost words whose meaningsare fixed. The analogical connection of the additional meanings is on a lexeme arises fromthe identification of the same meaning. The meaning ‘semem’ leads to the associated termsand which are enriched through the context (in idiom related to the cultural context).Keywords : folklore, idioms, structure, idiom meaning, cultureI PENDAHULUAN

Rhetoric and argumentation: the unity of the field

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
False Dilemma ◽  
The Difference ◽  
As If

Rhetoric has always been torn between the rhetoric of figures and the rhetoric of conflicts or arguments, as if rhetoric were exclusively one or the other. This is a false dilemma. Both types of rhetoric hinge on the same structure. A common formula is provided in Chapter 3 which unifies rhetoric stricto sensu and rhetoric as argumentation as two distinct but related strategies adopted according to the level of problematicity of the questions at stake, thereby giving unity to the field called “Rhetoric.” Highly problematic questions require arguments to justify their answers; non-divisive ones can be treated rhetorically through their answers as if they were self-evident. Another classic problem is how to understand the difference between logic and rhetoric. The difference between the two is due to the presence of questions explicitly answered in the premises in logic and only suggested (or remaining indeterminate) in rhetoric.

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

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